바이칼호에 서식하는 2종의 스폰지 체내 및 주변 물로부터 92개의 저온성 균주를 분리하고 각 균주들의 기질 분해능을 조사하였다. 그 결과 섬유소와 지방에 대한 분해 활성도를 갖는 균주는 38.0, 34.8%로 비교적 적었으나 전분과 단백질 분해 활성도를 갖는 균주는 78.3, 57.6%로 높은 비율로 나타났다. 분리한 세균을 염기서열의 유사도에 따라 분류하기 위하여 Genomic Fingerprinting을 실시한 후 31개 균주를 선별하여 동정한 결과, Baikalospongia sp.에서 분리한 13균주는 모두 Pseudomonas속으로 확인된 반면, Lubomirskia sp.에서 분리한 14균주는 Pseudomonas ssp., Buttiauxella agrestis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Yersinia ruckeri, Bacillus ssp., Paenibacillus ssp., Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus simplex, Brevibacterium ssp., Acinetobacter lwoffii로 다양하게 동정되었다. 그러나 총 31개 균주 중 18개가 Pseudomonas속으로 동정된 것은 타감작용에 의한 다른 세균 성장의 방해 때문으로 평가되며, 이러한 일반적인 배양 방법의 한계점을 극복하기 위해서는 스폰지의 서식처와 세균의 검출 방법에 대하여 보다 다양한 심층적인 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각된다.

Artificial vegetation island (AVI), which is mimicry of natural floating island, is one of ecotechnology for water quality improvement and restoration of disturbed aquatic ecosystem, and AVIs were launched in Lakes Paldang and Paro, Lakes of Korea to test their effectiveness. In Lake Paldang, an eutrophic lake, AVI could be acting as nutrients remover, but efficiencies was not clearly observed, but under the AVI, fish and zooplankton were more abundant than bulk lake water. In oligotrophic Lake Paro, where littoral zone was perfectly destroyed, AVI was installed as substitute for littoral zone. By microbial activities, Iris and other macrophytes on AVI were growing well and fishes were coming. We conclude that AVIs could be launched for partial restoration of disturbed ecosystem of oligotrophic and eutrophic lakes.

비점오염원으로부터 오염된 소하천에서 영양염류를 제거하기 위하여 식물플랑크톤 배양 장치를 설치하고 운영하였다. 식물플랑크톤 배양조에서 식물플랑크톤 정치배양 결과, 식물플랑크톤의 연속배양을 위한 배양조의 체류시간을 3일로 결정하였으며 TP는 70%, TN은 44%가 제거됨을 확인하였다. 연속배양 결과 45일 동안 배양조에 유입된 TP의 53.9%, TN의 53.1%가 식물플랑크톤에 의한 흡수와 슬러지로 제거되었다. 식물플랑크톤이 성장하면서 배양조의 pH와 용존산소농도는 각각 평균 10.8, 16mg L-1이었다. 결국 비점오염원에 오염된 하천수의 영양 염류는 식물플랑크톤의 사체와 화학반응으로 생성된 침전물로 제거되었다. 비교적 설치가 간단하고 경제성이 높은 식물플랑크톤 배양법의 높은 현장적용 가능성을 확인하였다.

Water resources in Republic of Korea have been mainly supplied by the artificial reservoirs and lakes due to severely unbalanced rainfall. rainfall through the year. The lakes and reservoirs in which littoral zones have been damaged in a dry season usually have a big difference between high and low water level. In this study, We examined the effects of artificial floating island (AFI) in the Lake Baekgoki at Jin-Cheon, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea. Phytoplankton is flora as 29 genera and 39 species, and the dominant species were Synedra acus, Lyngbya sp. and Cryptomonas sp., etc. The plankton numbers gradually decreased after installation of the AFI. In contrast with the phytoplankton, zooplankton individuals increased under the AFI, offering the habitats for zooplankton. Fish fauna were three families and seven species and 76 individuals were counted the AFI. The artificial vegetated island showed the significant effects on the restoration of lake ecosystem.

Among the functions of ecosystem, nutrients cycle is the most important for sustaining natural system. But in modernized and industrialized countries, the product consumes the resources and make wastes. This means that valuable resources are turning to waste through product. Waste water is one of the product from the valuable resources, so waste water is no more waste and it can be used as valuable resources for other process by using natural ecosystem. By the conventional wastewater treatment systems, the “zero discharge” could not be achieved by several factors. Shortage of resources is one of the reasons. Secondly, by the environmental engineering, the pollutants are only transformed from one medium to another. Thirdly, for eliminating the pollutants, fossil fuel must be used, which means another pollution. Self-designed and solar energy based ecotechnology could be an alternative method which solve the local, regional and global environmental problems properly should be found out. Already ecotechnology was defined as “the design of human society with it natural environment for the benefit of both”. By using the functions of ecosystem, such as food web, energy flow, nutrients cycles and homeostasis, pollutants can be eliminated, concentrated and transformed to nature. The major purpose of mechanical wastewater treatment systems is focused on the large quantity of domestic wastewater. But, small quantity of domestic wastewater is not concerned by public treatment because economic and technical difficulty. However, for improvement of water quality of streams and rivers, the small quantity of domestic wastewater must be purified. Here, some eco-technologies for water quality improvement installed in Korea are introduced. The artificial wetland, artificial food web and artificial vegetation island are installed in polluted and ecologically disturbed areas. These methods are not perfectly solving the environmental problems, and they are acting as alternative methods for clean up of polluted and restoration of disturbed ecosystems.

먹는 물 내에 존재하는 발암원인으로 의심되는 유기화학물질을 재래식 정수처리방법으로 제거한다는 것은 불가능하다. 이들을 AOP산화 & M/F membrane 혼성공정법을 이용하여 목적하는 처리수로 처리하고자 지하수를 반응조에 유효용량으로 유입하고 유기화학물질을 인위적으로 투입 혼합하여 충분히 희석시키고 이것을 효율적으로 처리하기 위해 최적운전조건을 도출하였다. 유기 화학물질 중 VOCs는 페놀과 톨루엔을 그리고 농약은 파라치온, 다이아지논과 카바닐을 대상으로 조사하였다. 실험은 각각 분류별 단일용액과 혼합용액으로 수행하였으며, 실험결과 충분한 분해 및 제거를 위한 운전조건은 H2O2는 150 mL로 정량 주입하고, pH는 5.5~6.0, 온도는 12~16℃로 일정하게 유지하고, 용존오존량은 5.0 mg/L이상, 반응시간은 30~40분이 최적 조건이었으며 그리고 같은 반응기 내 분리막의 사용은 0.45 μm 공경크기의 M/F membrane을 이용하여 대량의 음용수를 얻기 위한 결정이었다.