감정적 맥락이 기억에 미치는 영향을 이해하는 것은 인간의 인지 능력을 종합적으로 이해하는데 매우 중요하다. 이전 연구에서는 주로 시각적 자극에 초점을 맞춰 이러한 관계를 탐구했다면, 본 연구는 음성으로 제시되는 감정 맥락으로 탐구의 영역을 확장하여 언어적 맥락의 각성도와 정서가가 기억에 미치는 영향을 조사하고 특히 서열 위치 효과를 완화하는지에 주목하였다. 연구 1에서는 단어 목록의 중반부에 제시되는 음성 감정 맥락의 각성도가 단어 음성 기억에 어떤 영향을 주는지 알아보았다. 실험 결과, 각성도가 낮은 맥락에 노출되었을 때 목록 후반부의 기억력 이 저하되는 것으로 나타났다. 연구 2에서는 각성도 수준을 통제했을 때 목록의 중반부에 제시되는 음성 감정 맥락 의 정서가가 단어 음성 기억에 미치는 영향을 조사했다. 실험 결과, 부정적 맥락은 함께 제시되는 단어의 기억력을 저하시킨다는 사실을 발견했다. 연구 결과는 음성을 통해 제시되는 감정 맥락이 음성 자극의 기억 처리를 촉진하지 못한다는 것을 시사한다. 특히 부정적 정서 맥락은 서열 위치 효과를 강화하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 맥락과 기억 자극이 음성으로 동일할 경우 부정적 감정 맥락은 과제 수행에 간섭으로 작용하여 감정 맥락의 기억 향상 효과를 유발하지 못하는 경향을 보인다. 이는 청각적으로 전달되는 감정 맥락이 언어 기억 과정에 미치는 영향을 이해하는 데 중요한 통찰을 제공한다.

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of pork belly thickness on physicochemical and sensory characteristics after pan frying. Pork belly with three different thickness (5, 10, 20 mm) from three different parts (A:thoracic vertebrae no. 5-9, B:thoracic vertebrae 10-14, C:lumbar vertebrae 1-6) was pan grilled with electronic grill until it reached an internal temperature of 71℃. Cooking loss, shear force, sensory characteristics, volatile compounds of cooked pork belly were determined. Electric nose analysis was performed to support descriptive analysis and consumer sensory analysis. The cooking loss of pork belly with 20 mm thickness from all positions was significantly low (p<0.05). Shear force increased with increase in thickness (p<0.05). Electric nose identified major seven volatile compounds such as acetonitrile, (Z)-4-heptenal, 2-octanol, linalool, carbon disulfide, methylcyclohexane, n-nonanal to discriminate those samples. The part of pork belly significantly affected the intensity of volatile compounds rather than thickness. In discriminate analysis, the overall acceptability of pork belly (A and B parts) with 20 mm thickness was higher than that of pork belly with 5 mm thickness. In addition, the overall acceptability by consumers for pork belly with 20 mm thickness from A, B, and C parts was higher than the overall acceptability for pork belly with 5 mm thickness. This preliminary study suggests that it is more desirable to use pork belly with 20 mm thickness from part A when cooking on a pan gril compared with pork belly of 10 mm or 20 mm thickness from part B or C in the meat markets and restaurant.

Canine parvovirus (CPV) type 2a (CPV-2a) has recently been identified as the main genotype circulating in the dog population in South Korea. Although CPV vaccines protect domestic dogs from CPV-2 infection, the efficacy of commercial live or inactivated CPV vaccines against CPV-2a has not been reevaluated. In this study, dogs were immunized with one of 7 commercial CPV vaccines (4 modified live and 3 inactivated vaccines) followed by challenge with CPV-2a strain, KV0901 that had been isolated from naturally infected dog in 2009. All dogs vaccinated twice with 4 commercial modified live CPV vaccines were seroconverted (geometric mean HI titer > 190.2) and most of dogs were completely protected against virulent CPV-2a strain infection. The dogs inoculated with 3 commercial inactivated CPV vaccines were also seroconverted and showed a slight loss of appetite and light diarrhea for 4 days after challenge and returned to normal at 5 days post challenge. However, the non-vaccinated dogs revealed the typical clinical signs of CPV infection including haemorrhgic diarrhea. In conclusion, the 4 live CPV vaccines licensed in Korea cross-protected dogs against virulent challenge with CPV-2a and are applicalble to pet dogs for the prevention of CPV infection.