This study investigated the relationship between service quality factors, customer satisfaction, and reuse intention based on the degree of attachment to companion animals felt by caregivers when using dog grooming services. An online and offline survey with caregivers experienced in dog grooming services were conducted, and 304 responses were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 Statistics Program. The analysis revealed the following. First, sub-factors of dog grooming service quality: empathy, assurance, tangibles, and reliability, significantly affect customer satisfaction. Second, customers satisfaction with dog grooming services significantly affects their reuse intention. Third, only reliability demonstrates a moderating effect on attachment to companion dogs in influencing the relationship between customer satisfaction and service quality. These findings that service quality management is necessary to improve the business performance of dog-grooming services. Particularly, this study is meaningful in presenting the direction of service marketing centered on trust, as more guardians consider companion dogs as family.

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of pork belly thickness on physicochemical and sensory characteristics after pan frying. Pork belly with three different thickness (5, 10, 20 mm) from three different parts (A:thoracic vertebrae no. 5-9, B:thoracic vertebrae 10-14, C:lumbar vertebrae 1-6) was pan grilled with electronic grill until it reached an internal temperature of 71℃. Cooking loss, shear force, sensory characteristics, volatile compounds of cooked pork belly were determined. Electric nose analysis was performed to support descriptive analysis and consumer sensory analysis. The cooking loss of pork belly with 20 mm thickness from all positions was significantly low (p<0.05). Shear force increased with increase in thickness (p<0.05). Electric nose identified major seven volatile compounds such as acetonitrile, (Z)-4-heptenal, 2-octanol, linalool, carbon disulfide, methylcyclohexane, n-nonanal to discriminate those samples. The part of pork belly significantly affected the intensity of volatile compounds rather than thickness. In discriminate analysis, the overall acceptability of pork belly (A and B parts) with 20 mm thickness was higher than that of pork belly with 5 mm thickness. In addition, the overall acceptability by consumers for pork belly with 20 mm thickness from A, B, and C parts was higher than the overall acceptability for pork belly with 5 mm thickness. This preliminary study suggests that it is more desirable to use pork belly with 20 mm thickness from part A when cooking on a pan gril compared with pork belly of 10 mm or 20 mm thickness from part B or C in the meat markets and restaurant.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary total mixed ration (TMR) supplementation and dry-aging period on the physico-chemical and sensory quality of striploin (longissimus lumborum) from multiparous Hanwoo cows. The experimental cows were divided into two treatments (n=3/treatment) according to the type of feed: in one treatment (slaughter age: 87±6 months old, parity: 5±1) the cows were fed on TMR for 7 months before slaughter, while in the other treatment (slaughter age: 83±9 months old, parity: 5±2) the cows were fed on concentrate and rice straw (CRS) for the whole rearing period. After slaughtering, the striploins were dry-aged for 20 or 40 days at 2±1℃, 85% relative humidity and 2 m/sec air flow velocity and then utilized for quality measurements. The pH value, cooking loss, and hypoxanthine content were higher (p<0.05) for the striploins dry-aged for 40 days than for those dry-aged for 20 days. Notably, the inosine 5’-monophosphate content was decreased (p<0.05) by increasing the dry-aging time. With regard to microbiological quality, the striploins dry-aged for 40 days exhibited lower (p<0.05) lactic acid bacteria counts and higher (p<0.05) coliform counts than those dry-aged for 20 days. Moreover, the tenderness and overall liking scores based on sensory evaluation were higher (p<0.05) for the dry-aged striploins of the TMR treatment and those dry-aged for 40 days than for the CRS treatment and those dry-aged 20 days, respectively. These findings suggest that dietary TMR supplementation leads to an increase in the sensory preference of dry-aged striploins from multiparous Hanwoo cows, and alteration of the CRS into the TMR may improve the quality of dry-aged Hanwoo beef.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of probiotic treatment with IgY and Bacillus subtilis complex on diarrhea and weight gain in Hanwoo calves. Bacillus and E. coli levels were measured in the feces of calves post probiotic administration. Subsequently, calves with diarrhea were divided into two groups. The total and daily weight gain was measured in 23 calves after three months of suckling and divided into three groups. In Test 1, Bacillus was detected of the control group constantly at 104 CFU/g; a statistically significant difference was observed between the treatment and the control groups on the 1st and 3rd day (p<0.05) but not on the 7th day, confirming that the Bacillus subtilis survived in the intestine only until the 7th day. The treatment and control groups in Test 2 did not show any significant difference in the E. coli levels. However, comparison of changes in the E. coli levels showed a decreased of 6.39×108±9.80×108 CFU/g in the control group increase by 1.54×109±2.16×109 CFU/g, and, a decrease by 1.47×109±2.20×109 CFU/g; a decrease of by 4.20×107±3.90×108 CFU/g was observed in the treated group, an increase by 7.19×108±2.04×109 CFU/g, anda a decrease by 9.22×108±1.79×109 CFU/g. The changes in, control group were more rapid than in the treatment group. Therefore we hypothesize that probiotics inhibit E. coli growth. A concurrent improvement in weight gain was observed following probiotic administration. The IgY and Bacillus subtilis probiotics complex used in this study can be effectively used for the prevention and treatment of calf diarrhea.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of mixed or split-sex feeding on growth performance and behavior of Korean native chickens. Three variants of the sex ratio, FO (female only), MO (male only) and MI (mixed) were tested in Korean native chickens (Hanhyop 3) that were between the ages of 7 and 91 days. Body weight gain was the highest (p<0.05) in the MO treatment and the lowest (p<0.05) in the MI treatment. The feed intake (FI) of birds in the MO treatment was higher (p<0.05) than that of birds in the MI treatment during days 14-21, also MO treatment was higher (p<0.05) than that of birds in the MI treatment during days 21-28. However, the FI of birds in the MI group was higher (p<0.05) than that of birds in FO treatment during days 35-42. The behavioral frequency of walking, drinking, and aggressive pecking were not affected by sex ratio treatment. The behavioral frequency of feeding was higher in the FO treatment than that of birds in the other treatments. The comfort time of birds in the MI treatment was longer (p<0.05) than that of birds in the other treatments. The behavioral frequency of pecking was higher in the MO treatment than that of birds in the other treatments. The study suggests that when male and female Korean native chickens are reared together, sex ratio can influence growth performance and behavior frequency.

델파이 방법을 사용한 본 연구는 북한의 축산개발을 위한 미래 지원기술을 예측하고 도출하도록 설계되었다. 지원기술은 북한의 축산을 미래의 지원 프로젝트에서 높은 가치를 지닌 핵심전략으로 추진되어 질 것이다. 이러한 맥락에서 설문지를 각 기술 전문가에게 배포하여 각 지원 항목의 중요성과 실현시기를 조사하였다. 이 설문 조사는 또한 남한과 비교했을 때 북한의 이러한 항목들 각각에 대해 연구 개발 수준과 자원분배를 조사하는 것을 목표로 했다. 델파이의 조사는 북한의 축산지원 전문가들에게만 국한되었다. 총 10가지 핵심기술문제가 공식화되었고, 25명의 전문가가 질문에 응답했다. 첫 번째 실현단계는 5년 이후에 26개 항목 중 절반이 47.8%를 기록했으며, 두 번째 실현연도는 평균 6.7년 이었다. 따라서, 장기적인 전략 계획을 수립하고 실행해야 할 필요가 있다. 현재 북한의 가축생산량은 한국에 비해 49% 수준으로 추정되며, 지원 사업이 시급히 필요하다. 정책 수단의 지원 방법은 전문가 인력충원, 인프라 구축 및 자재지원을 합한 총 67.5%를 차지하면서, 이 세 가지 항목에 중점을 두어야한다. 평균 총 사업비는 126.6억 원이었고 전문가는 연간 16.8명, 평균 소요기간은 6.1년으로 각각 추정되었다.

본 연구는 열 스트레스 (heat stress, HS)에 노출된 브로일러에서 혼합 생균제의 급여가 혈 액 생체지표, 면역반응, 맹장 미생물 및 생산성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 총 400마리의 브로일러 수 컷 (Ross 308)을 각각 100마리씩 4그룹, C (대조군, 실온 25℃), HS (열 스트레스 33℃), HSP (HS플 러스 혼합 생균제 500, 750 mg/kg) 그룹으로 배치하였다. 브로일러의 증체량, 사료섭취, 사료요구율 및 면역기관 무게는 HSP 그룹에서 HS 그룹과 비교했을 때 증가하였다. 혈액 IgG, lymphocytes 농도는 HS 그룹에서 HSP그룹과 비교했을 때 증가하였고, heterophil과 lymphocyte(H:L)비율, 코르티코스테론 농도 및 폐사율은 낮았다. 맹장의 Lactobacillus는 HS 그룹과 비교했을 때 HSP 그룹에서 증가하였으나 Escherichia coli (E. coli), coliform bacteria, aerobic bacteria는 낮아졌다. 본 연구결과는 열 스트레스 에 노출된 브로일러에게 B. subtilis, S. galilaeus 및 Sphingobacteriaceae등 3가지 균주가 포함된 혼합 생균제를 급여해주면 면역반응 증진, 미생물 균형을 유지해줌으로써 폐사율을 낮추고 생산성을 개선할 수 있음을 시사해준다.

본 연구는 열 스트레스 (heat stress, HS)에 노출된 산란계에서 혼합 생균제의 급여가 생산성, 계란품질, 면역반응, 맹장 미생물 및 분 암모니아에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. 총 400마리의 50주령 Hy-Line brown 산란계를 무작위로 각각 100마리씩 4 그룹, C (대조군, 실온 25℃), HS (열 스트레스 33℃), HSP (HS 플러스 혼합 생균제 500, 750 mg/kg)로 배치하였다. 산란계의 생산성, 계란품질, 비장 무게, 혈액 IgG 및 lymphocyte 농도는 HSP 그룹에서 HS 그룹과 비교했을 때 증가하였고, 코르티코스테론, heterophil과 lymphocyte의 비율 (H:L) 및 폐사율은 유의하게 낮았다. Lactobacillus는 HSP 그룹에서 HS 그룹과 비교했을 때 증가하였으나 Escherichiacoli (E. coli), coliform bacteria 및 aerobic bacteria는 유의하게 낮았다. 분에서 암모니아 발생은 HS 그룹이 HSP 그룹에 비해서 유의하게 증가하였다. 결론적으로, 이러한 혼합 생균제가 여름철 산란계의 더위 피해를 방해주고 면역반응, 맹장 미생물 균형을 경유하여 생산성, 계란품질 및 계분으로부터 악취 발생을 줄이는 데 효율적인 영양전략이 될 수 있음을 나타낸다.

본 연구는 grooming brush의 제공에 따른 한우 암소 육성우의 사양성적, 행동특성, 혈액 내 cortisol 및 혈액성상의 변화를 조사하였다. 6개월령의 암소 육성우(110.63±12.23kg) 32두를 32m2 우방에서 대조 구(non grooming brush), 처리구 1(Chevron angle type grooming brush, CHAT), 처리구 2(Straight type grooming brush, ST) 및 처리구 3(Chevron angle type and Straight type grooming brush, CHAST)으로 처리당 4두씩, 4처리 2반복으로 완전임의 배치하여, 2주간 예비시험 후 8개월간 본 시험 을 실시하였다. 시험결과 grooming brush 제공에 따른 사양성적으로 종료 시 체중과 일당증체량에서 는 대조구 대비 처리구에서 유의적(p<0.05)으로 증가하였고, 사료요구율에서는 대조구에서 가장 낮은 사양성적을 보였다(p<0.05). 행동특성 중 횡화 및 걷기시간은 대조구 대비 grooming brush를 제공한 모든 처리구에 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 음수행동의 빈도는 처리구 3에서 유의적(p<0.05)으 로 증가하였다. 또한, 몸단장행동인 자기몸 핥기, brushing 행동과 투쟁행동은 대조구에서 다른 처리구 에 비해 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 혈액성상에서 헤모글로빈수치는 처리구에서 유의적(p<0.05) 으로 높았고, 스트레스 호르몬인 cortisol 농도는 대조구에서 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높은 수치를 보였다. 따라서, grooming brush 제공에 따른 한우 육성 성적, 행동특성 그리고 혈액 내 cortisol의 변화는 집 단생활을 하는 소의 사회적인 행동에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 볼 수 있으며, 스트레스 저감으로 인해 건강한 발육에 기여하는 것으로 나타났다.

This study was performed to investigate the ingredients and subsidiary feed production policies, actual condition, and understanding. The survey was conducted by e-mail about 60 feed companies in Korea. The results of the analysis on the production status and perception of the ingredients and subsidiary feed production facilities were summarized as follows. First, the most urgent problem to be solved for the development of a sustainable feed industry and development and stable supply of domestic and international feed resources. Second, the quality of feeds maintained a considerable level in comparison with the developed countries. Third, the production equipment for the introduction of the feed safety management system was after set conditon of introduction. Therefore, to develop a sustainable feed industry, we should proceed to secure reliable sources about fodder resources. In order to maintain a food quality, the role of feed safety inspection for imported feeds materials are more important. The government's various efforts are more necessary for the imported feeds test agencies to improve the reliability, satisfaction and a feed management system.

본 연구는 보조기구 제공의 차이가 한우의 생산성에 미치는 영향을 통해 복지형 한우사육방안을 구명 함으로써 한우 복지형 사양관리의 합리적인 사육방법에 대한 기초자료를 제시하고자 실시하였다. 공시동 물은 18개월령의 한우 거세비육우 48두를 공시하여(410.63±8.76kg) 개방식 우사에서 10개월간 실시하 였다. 시험설계는 32m2의 우방에 4두씩 각각 대조구(무처리 관행구), 처리1구(개체관리용 카우브러쉬), 처리2구(놀이용 구조물), 처리3구(개체관리용 카우브러쉬 + 놀이용 구조물)로 입식하였다. 처리는 4처리 3반복으로 완전임의 배치하고 15일간 예비실험 후 수행하였다. 조사항목으로는 사양성적, 행동관찰, 혈 액성상, 도체성적 및 경제성을 각각 분석하였다. 시험결과 보조기구 제공에 따른 사양성적으로는 처리3 구에서 유의적(p<0.05)으로 우수한 경향을 나타냈고, 대조구에서 가장 낮은 사양성적을 보였다. 행동특 성 중 발현시간에서는 기립(standing)이 대조구에서 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높게 나타났으나, 섭식 (feeding), 횡와(lying) 및 걷기(walking)는 처리2구와 처리3구에서 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높게 나타났다. 빈도에 따른 행동특성에서는 음수(drinking)와 몸비비기(rubbing), 투쟁(fighting)을 제외한 모든 행동빈 도에서 유의적(p<0.05)인 차이를 보였다. 혈액성상에서는 대조구에서 백혈구와 cortisol 수치가 유의적 (p<0.05)으로 높았고, 도체성적 중 등지방두께 및 등심단면적 항목에서 대조구 < 처리1구 < 처리2구 < 처리3구 순으로 우수한 것으로 사양성적과 유사하게 동일한 패턴의 결과를 보였다. 근내지방도에서는 놀 이용 보조기구 제공에 따라 근내지방도 스코어는 향상되는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 출하에 따른 경제 성 분석결과로는 처리3구에서 총수익이 두당 178여만원으로 가장 높았고 대조구의 103여만원 보다 두당 75여만원의 추가 수익을 올린 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서, 본 시험결과를 바탕으로 보조기구의 제공이 한우 거세우의 사양성적, 행동발현, 혈액성상 및 도축성적에 긍정적인 경향을 미치는 것으로 판단되며, 향후 농가현장에 보급함으로써 한우산업 경쟁력 향상에 기여할 것이다.

In experiment dealt with 240 Hanwoo (172 steers and 68 heifers) among the 456 cattle during growing and fattening period were used from 2004 to 2015. Growth period was divided into 6, 12, 18, and 24 months for steers and 6, 12, 18, and 43 months for heifers. The results showed that lying down, feeding, and drinking behavior increased according to the growth. In contrary, the time of locomotion behavior including standing and walking behavior were reduced. Aggressive behavior was observed to be mostly generated in the first 6-months. Thus the results showed that different growth period of Hanwoo steers can be used as management systems for breeding and disease management. It conclude that providing a comfortable living space is a useful management systems suppress stress to the minimum extent without giving unnecessary stress to the animals.

1. 1995년부터 2014년까지의 대북의 공공적 지원과 민간차 원으로서의 대북지원사업을 조사 연구하고 이미 발표된 통일 대비 축산지원정책 자료를 토대로 26개 설문문항을 작성, AHP방법을 이용 우선순위 분석결과를 다음과 같이 요약하 였다. 2. 평가대항목 중에서 공공성이 0.5229로 절반이상의 수치 를 보이고 2위로 기술성, 3위로 시장성의 순이며, 평가소항목 에서는 기술실현성 0.6220이 또한 높은 수치를 보이며 2위엔 시장성장성, 3위엔 국가전략과의 부합성 순이다. 3. 각 대항목과 소항목간의 종합가중치에선 공공성에서 국 가전략과의 부합성, 사회적 영향성, 산업적파급성 순으로 나타 났으며, 기술성 측면에서는 기술실현성, 기술파급성, 기술독창 성 순이고 시장성 측면에서는 시장성장성, 투자수익성, 시장규 모성 순으로 각각 나타났다. 4. 평가대안의 대북축산지원사업 우선순위 1위인 “지역특화 사업단지 조성”부터 26위인 “통일 후 축산지원방향 협의체구 성”까지의 지원사업 전체가 중요하다고 판단돼 정부의 미래 대북지원정책 수립과정에서 기초자료로 사용되었으면 한다. 또 한 26개 대북축산지원우선순위에 관해 전문가들에게 Delphi 설문조사방법을 시행하여 각각의 지원사업에 적절한 예산안 분배배치가 이루어질 필요성이 있다고 판단된다.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of pen and group size on behavioral characteristics of Hanwoo steers. Forty-eight beef steers, all 15 months of age, were used in this study, and were assigned to 3 groups: control (4/35.28 ㎡), treatment 1 (8/70.56 ㎡), and treatment 2 (12/105.84 ㎡). In addition, behavioral characteristics were analyzed every 2 days in each month using CCTV cameras. Each behavior of the treatment group was observed significantly more frequently (p<0.05) than the corresponding behavior of the control group in summer, especially feeding behavior. In addition, no significant difference was observed between the treatment groups. Locomotion was observed for a significantly longer duration in the control group than in the treatment groups (p<0.05), and resting was observed for slightly longer in the treatment groups than in the control group. Fighting behavior, related to social status, was observed significantly more frequently in the control group than in the treatment groups (p<0.05). In winter, feeding behavior was observed for a significantly longer duration in the control group than in the treatment groups (p<0.05) On comparing the behavior of Hanwoo steers during different seasons, we found that the steers showed more resting behavior during summer and more feeding behavior and movement during winter. The above results suggest that the behavioral characteristics of Hanwoo steers depend on the pen and group size, based on the higher frequency of fighting, rubbing, and scratching observed in the treatment groups than in the control group. The results also suggest that the behavioral characteristics of Hanwoo steers depend on the environmental conditions, as shown by the seasonal differences in behavior. Under conditions of high temperature stress, Hanwoo steers showed increased lying down, drinking and grooming behavior to counter this stress. The findings of this study can be applied to management practices for animal welfare and producticon of cattle in both growing and fattening periods.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different rearing spaces on growth performances, behavioral traits, and blood parameters in Hanwoo (Korean Native Cattle) heifers and steers. The average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were measured to assess the growth performance. A total of 54 Hanwoo heifers and steers at 18 months old, were housed separately in groups of 2, 3 or 4 heads in a pen (32 m2) for nine months. In the case of the heifers, the growth performances were significantly (p<0.05) improved by increasing the 2 head group size with the exception of the 18 month old heifers. However, among the steers the growth performances were significantly enhanced (p<0.05) after 18 months of age, by increasing the 3 heads group size. In addition, the heifers in groups of 2 heads spent less time standing and more time lying down or walking, and also had a significantly (p<0.05) lower frequency of self-grooming, scratching, and fighting. These findings are similar to the results obtained for steers housed in 2 or 3 heads per group. The steers housed in 2, 3 heads groups spent more time feeding and consequently had a significantly (p<0.05) lower frequency of pair-wise grooming and Leaning. The heifers and steers housed in groups of 4 heads showed lowest red blood cell counts, but highest cortisol content with statistical significance at p<0.05. The heifers in groups of 2 heads had the highest hemoglobin concentrations (p<0.05). On the other hand, white blood cell count was found to be the lowest in groups of 2 steers with statistical significance at p<0.05. We conclude that a large rearing space improved growth performances, behavioral characteristics, and blood parameters in Hanwoo heifers and steers. In the future, this data could be used to improve the welfare of rearing Hanwoo cattle.

Farm animal welfare means how a farm animal is living with the proper conditions. In modern society, farm animal welfare is essential for sustainable development and humane production of livestock. The initial concept of animal welfare was started from England based on five freedoms, and the animal welfare guideline of OIE (Office International des Epizooties) had become an international standard for animal welfare. OIE’s guideline dealing with transportation, disease prevention and appropriate veterinary treatment, shelter, management and nutrition, humane handling and humane slaughter of farm animal. For the settlement of farm animal welfare, it is necessary to introduce the animal welfare certification standards considering domestic situation, based on the guidelines of OIE standards. The purpose of this review was to; firstly, evaluate global status of farm animal welfare and secondly, suggest several plans for settlement of farm animal welfare in South Korea.

Food safety accidents like the occurrence of domestic animal diseases create an air of anxiety in consumers and increase their concerns about animal welfare. This study investigated consumer awareness of animal welfare livestock and attempted to look into the impacts of consumer awareness on the consumption of livestock product. It analyzed whether there was any difference in considerations of purchasing livestock products depending on awareness of animal welfare and consumption intention using Levene's equal variance test and independent sample t-test, and in order to inquire into the influence relationship of their considerations in purchasing livestock on animal welfare livestock product consumption intention, a binary logistic regression analysis was carried out. As a result of the analysis of consumer awareness, consumers were little aware of animal welfare while they were very interested in animal welfare and had the intent to consume livestock products produced following animal welfare. As a result of the analysis of the difference depending on the awareness and consumption intention of animal welfare using independent sample t-test, it turned out that there was no difference in considerations in purchasing livestock products between people who were aware of animal welfare and those who were not. In the difference depending on consumption intention, people who had the intent to consume animal welfare livestock products cared more than those who did not. Likewise, people who had the intent to consume animal welfare livestock products cared about the place of purchase, price, freshness, taste and quality more than those who were not. As a result of the binary logistic regression analysis of the two factors of internal property and external property of consideration in livestock products, it turned out that internal property only had impacts on consumption intention. Thus, considering the consumers' consciousness that they would like to be provided with safe livestock products relevant to items such as safety and reliability among their considerations in purchasing livestock products, the government and livestock industry should establish an appropriate marketing strategy for animal welfare livestock products

본 시험은 효소제 및 효모추출물 급여가 사양성적, in vitro 반추위 발효 및 혈액성상에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 23개월령의 한우 거세우 48두를 공시하여 사료용 첨가제로 농후사료의 0.1% 수준으로 급여하여 출하시까지 대조구(무첨가), 처리구 1(효소제), 처리구 2(효모추출물), 처리구 3(효소제+효모추출물)으로 구분하여 급여하였다. 사양성적에서는 급여 4개월과 8개월의 일당증체량과 사료요구율이 처리구 1에서 가장 향상되었고 (p<0.05), 대조구에서 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). 도축성적에서는 육량지수를 포함하여 처리구 1>처리구 3>처리구 2>대조구 순으로 나타났다. in vitro 배양액에 따른 처리구별 pH는 대조구>처리구 2>처리구 3>처리구 1 순으로 유의적(p<0.05)인 차이를 나타냈고, VFA와 사료소화율은 처리구 1과 3에서 높았고 (p<0.05), 대조구에서는 낮았다(p<0.05). 혈액성상에서는 면역 첨가제 급여군인 처리구 2와 3에서 급여기간에 따른 백혈구 수치가 유의적(p<0.05)으로 감소하였는데, 이는 면역글로블린 G의 유의적(p<0.05)인증가에 따라서 상대적으로 나타난 것으로 판단된다. 결과적으로, 한우 비육후기 거세우의 사료첨가제 급여 시험에서 처리구 1은 급여 4개월부터 대조구 대비 사양성적 및 도체성적을 향상시켰고, 처리구 2는 급여 2개월부터 면역에 관련된 면역글로블린 G의 혈액성상을 개선시키는 것으로 분석되었다.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of enzyme and yeast extract supplement on growth performance, carcass characteristics and blood parameters in Hanwoo steers. A total of forty-eight 23-month-old Hanwoo steers, with average initial body weight of 545.25±12.60 kg, were assigned to four treatments with three replicates in a completely randomized design. Hanwoo steers housed in four heads group per pen. The treatments comprised of four groups of control (no feed additives), treatment 1 (xylanase, cellulase, and gluco-amylase; 0.1%/concentrate), treatment 2 (β-glucan and mannan-oligosaccharide; 0.1%/concentrate), and treatment 3 (treatment 1+2; 0.1%/concentrate). During the fourth and eighth month, average daily gain and feed conversion rates improved in treatment 1, but in the control this was lower than the other treatments (p<0.05). Real-time ultrasound was used for measuring the live carcass traits (longissimus muscle area, back fat thickness, and marbling score) and the better results were in the following order: treatment 1 > treatment 3 > treatment 2 > control, and extended to carcass grade. White blood cell indices were lower in treatments 2 and 3 and the IgG indices were relatively higher than in other treatments. As a result, levels of xylanase, cellulase, and gluco-amylase were increased from the fourth month to improve growth performance, live carcass traits. Durin