Fossil fuel combustion during fishing activities is a major contributor to climate changes in the fishing industry. The Tier1 methodology calculation and on-site continuous measurements of the greenhouse gas were carried out through the use of fuel by the coastal and offshore gillnet (blue crabs and yellow croaker) and trap (small octopus and red snow crab) fishing boats in Korea. The emission comparison results showed that the field measurements are similar to or slightly higher than the Tier1 estimates for coastal gillnet and trap. In offshore gillnet and trap fisheries, Tier1 estimate of greenhouse gases was about 1,644-13,875 kg CO2/L, which was more than the field measurement value. The CO2 emissions factor based on the fuel usage was 2.49-3.2 kg CO2/L for coastal fisheries and 1.46-2.24 kg CO2/L for offshore fisheries. Furthermore, GHG emissions per unit catch and the ratio of field measurement and Tier1 emission estimate were investigated. Since the total catch of coastal fish was relatively small, the emission per unit catch in coastal fisheries was four to eight times larger. The results of this study could be used to determine the baseline data for responding to changes in fisheries environment and reducing greenhouse gas emission.

저유전율 층간절연물질인 불소첨가 SiO2박막을 ECR(electron cyclotron resonance) Plasma chemical vapor deposition 법으로 성막하였다. SiOF박막의 증착은 SiF4/O2의 가스유량비를 변수로하여 0.2에서 1.6까지 변화시켜 증착하였고, 이때 마이크로파 전력은 700W, 기판온도는 300˚C에서 행하였다. 증착된 SiOF박막의 흡습특성을 알아보기 위하여 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)을 이용하여 분석한 결과, 가스유량비 (SiF4O2)가 0.2 에서 1.6으로 증가하였을 때 Si-Ostretching피크의 위치는 1072cm-1 /에서 1088cm-1 /로 증가하였으며, Si-F2피크는 가스유량비가 1.0이상에서 나타나기 시작하였다. 또한 가스유량비가 0.2에서 0.8까지 변화하여 증착한 시편은 Si-OH 피크가 관찰되지 않았지만 가스유량비가 1.0이상(11.8at.% F함유)의 시편의 경우 Si-OH 피크가 관찰되어 내흡습성이 저하되고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

본 실험에서는 저유전율 층간절연물질로서 SiOF박막을 ECR plasma CVD를 이용하여 증착하였다. 또한 증착시에 발생시킨 플라즈마의 특성 분석을 위하여 Langmuir probe를 반응챔버에 부착하여 플라즈마 밀도, 마이크로파 전력은 700W, 기판온도는 300˚C에서 행하였다. 증착된 SiOF 박막을 분석한 결과, 가스유량비(SiF4/O2)가 0.2에서 1.6으로 증가하였을 때 불소의 함량은 약 5.3at%에서 14.5at%로 증가하였으며, 굴절률은 1.501에서 1.391로 감소하였고 이는 불소 첨가에 의한 박막의 밀도감소에 의한 것으로 생각된다. 또한 박막의 유전상수는 가스유량비가 1.0(11.8qt.% F함유)일 때 3.14였다.

The purpose of the study was to analyze the persistence of HCH in atmosphere, soil, sediment and waterof the western and southern regions of Korea. The samples from the western region were collected from Anmyeon Island, and the samples from the southern region were collected from Kimhae and Busan. The concentration of HCH isomers in atmosphere showed the pattern of α-HCH>γ-HCH>ß-HCH. The regions with high HCH concentration in the atmosphere are the regions that have been highly exposed to HCH used in the past, and the areas that have been influenced by the long range transport. The HCH that persists in the soil, water and sediment evaporates into the atmosphere, showing the characteristics of Air-Surface exchange. When the regional concentration distributions arecompared, the concentration of HCH was higher in the atmosphere of a plain and the cities near the plain, than the urban areas. In this study, the ratio of α/γ-HCH was used as an indicator for estimating the source of Technical HCH and Lindane. According to the result, the contribution of Lindane was high in Kimhae plain and Kimhae urban areas. However, in Busan, the contribution of Technical HCH was higher than Lindane. In case of Anmyeon Island, the western region of Korea had high contribution from Tehcnical HCH. In soil and sediment, ß-HCH was dominant. In water, γ-HCH was dominant among other isomers. Such results are due to γ-HCH inLindane. Furthermore, the source of γ-HCH in urban areas is assumed to be the use of medicine, medical supplies and other living supplies. Based on the results of this study, the management of HCH, a newly list up emerging POPs, should be strengthened by further research on sources, fate, persistency, accumulation and exposures and etc. to the risk assessments.

This study aims to monitor the variation of concentration of PCDD/DFs between the gaseous phase-particulate phases in the ambient air of urban area in Korea. This monitoring is evaluated by using the Junge-Pankow model and the Koa absorption model with the application of the Octanol-air partition coefficient. In this study, the ambient air samples were analyzed according to each congener group of the PCDD/DFs by HRGC/HRMS, which have been investigated for the past 5 years. In the results, the annual variation in the concentration level of ∑PCDD/DFs in TSP was increased from 1588 fg/㎥ in 1998 to 5123 fg/㎥ in 2002, and from 31 fg I-TEQ/㎥ to 94 fg I-TEQ/㎥ in the ∑I-TEQ. In the case of PUF of gaseous phase sample, their variation was increased from 1615 fg/㎥ in 1998 to 2237 fg/㎥ in 2002, and in the ∑I-TEQ from 12 fg I-TEQ/㎥ to 17 fg I-TEQ/㎥. The relative coefficient between the gas phase concentration of PCDD/DFs and the temperature was a value of 0.744; the contributive rate of the temperature to the gaseous phase concentration was 0.554. According to the results, the pattern of the coefficient of distribution based on log PL0 is similar to the ambient air of the urban areas.