The purpose of this study is to develop a chatbot for Korean language education using Google Dialogflow, aiming to determine its effectiveness as a learning tool and to investigate learners’ perceptions of prototype chatbots. Six Korean language education chatbots were developed for beginner Korean language learners, and 30 beginner learners—15 from Mongolia studying in Korea and 15 from Japan studying abroad—were recruited. These learners practiced Korean conversation with the chatbots for about three weeks, and pre- and post-surveys were conducted. Analysis showed that using the chatbots for conversation practice positively impacted learners’ confidence. However, the chatbots’ overall effectiveness fell short of expectations, as significant results were observed only in confidence among the three investigated areas: interest, confidence, and motivation. Learners were generally satisfied with the chatbots, although Japanese learners rated its effectiveness in improving expressions and comprehension skills low, suggesting a need for further analysis. Both groups found voice chatbots more beneficial, underscoring a significant need for individual speaking practice, especially among Japanese learners. Despite limitations such as the inability to engage in flexible conversations, the study demonstrates the potential of chatbots developed as a learning tool and identifies learners’ perceptions from various perspectives.

Kunrak, a type of Korea traditional cheese, is made using Tarak, a yogurt produced with makgeolli as the fermentation source. Kunrak is produced by removing whey from Tarak, followed by drying process for safe storage and consumption over a longer period. In this study, we produced kunrak based on the method described in「Imwonsibyukji」. Prepared Kunrak was ripening for 96 hours at 20, 30, and 40oC. In order to study characteristics of Kunrak, physiochemical properties (pH, acidity, water contents) and contents of metabolites (organic acids, sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids) were analyzed. During ripening, water contents decreased. The main organic acids in Kunrak were citric acid and lactic acid, and the main free sugar was lactose. Main amino acids were glutamate and phenylalanine, and main fatty acid was saturated capric acid. At later ripening, all metabolites increased immediately after preparation. The sensory evaluation score of overall preference was highest for Kunrak, which was ripening at 40oC for 96 hours. This study was aimed to assay metabolites of Kunrak under various ripening conditions. The results provide basic data to produce conditions for standardized manufacturing of Kunrak.

◉ 목적 : 본 연구는 만들기 그룹활동이 주의 집중력과 문제행동에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위한 것이다. ◉ 연구방법 : 활동성평정척도(Werry-Weiss-Perter’s Activity Rating Scale ; WWPARS ; WWP)와 문제행동 체크리스트(Child Behavior Checklist ; CBCL) 검사를 통하여 과잉행동을 동반하며 문제행동을 가진 3명의 아동을 대상으로 부모의 동의를 얻어 9주 동안 각 아동마다 8회에 걸친 만들기 그룹활동을 실시하였다. 아동마다 연구자 1명씩 개입하여 약 30분～60분씩 실시하였고, 4회 차에 중간평가를, 8회 차에 최종평가를 실시하였다. 평가도구는 활동성평정척도(WWP)와 문제행동 체크리스트(CBCL)를 사용하였다. ◉ 결과 : 각 아동마다 활동성평정척도(WWP)와 문제행동 체크리스트(CBCL) 평가 결과 활동성평정척도(WWP)는 3명의 아동 모두 긍정적 효과가 있었고 문제행동 체크리스트(CBCL) 평가 역시 3명의 아동 모두 긍정적 효과가 있었다. A아동은 활동성평정척도(WWP) 검사결과 총점 30점에서 16점으로 점수가 변화하였고, 문제행동 체크리스트(CBCL)는 총점 148점에서 122점으로 변화하였다. B아동은 WWP 총점 12점에서 6점으로 점수가 변화하였고, 문제행동 체크리스트 평가결과 총점 115점에서 74점으로 변화하였다. C아동은 WWP 총점 16점에서 12점으로, 문제행동 체크리스트(CBCL)는 총점 100점에서 87점으로 변화하였다. ◉ 결론 : 만들기 그룹활동의 적용이 주의집중력에 문제를 가진 학령기 전 아동에게 적용하였을 때 주의집중력을 향상시키고, 문제행동을 감소시키는데 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 기초로 대상자들의 수를 늘리고 장기간에 걸쳐 아동의 변화를 확인할 수 있는 요리활동 연구가 계속되기를 기대한다.

The prediction of discharge is very important in water resources management and plan. In this study, we have analyzed discharge data of site at up and down stream in watershed. In order to forecast discharge the regression equations were developed by measuring flow data. Also, to forecast the change of water quality followed by change of inflow the correlation relationship between inflow of the Youngchun site and the Chunhju dam was shown as very high. The forecast of inflow at the Chungju dam would be possible through flow analysis of the Youngchun site. And, it is possible to forecast water quality by flow analysis because the correlation relationship of SS and turbidity followed by change of flow for each station of investigation was very high.