The purpose of this study is to develop a chatbot for Korean language education using Google Dialogflow, aiming to determine its effectiveness as a learning tool and to investigate learners’ perceptions of prototype chatbots. Six Korean language education chatbots were developed for beginner Korean language learners, and 30 beginner learners—15 from Mongolia studying in Korea and 15 from Japan studying abroad—were recruited. These learners practiced Korean conversation with the chatbots for about three weeks, and pre- and post-surveys were conducted. Analysis showed that using the chatbots for conversation practice positively impacted learners’ confidence. However, the chatbots’ overall effectiveness fell short of expectations, as significant results were observed only in confidence among the three investigated areas: interest, confidence, and motivation. Learners were generally satisfied with the chatbots, although Japanese learners rated its effectiveness in improving expressions and comprehension skills low, suggesting a need for further analysis. Both groups found voice chatbots more beneficial, underscoring a significant need for individual speaking practice, especially among Japanese learners. Despite limitations such as the inability to engage in flexible conversations, the study demonstrates the potential of chatbots developed as a learning tool and identifies learners’ perceptions from various perspectives.

This study proposes a methodology for assessing seismic liquefaction hazard by implementing high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) ground models with high-density/high-precision site investigation data acquired in an area of interest, which would be linked to geotechnical numerical analysis tools. It is possible to estimate the vulnerability of earthquake-induced geotechnical phenomena (ground motion amplification, liquefaction, landslide, etc.) and their triggering complex disasters across an area for urban development with several stages of high-density datasets. In this study, the spatial-ground models for city development were built with a 3D high-precision grid of 5 m x 5 m x 1 m by applying geostatistic methods. Finally, after comparing each prediction error, the geotechnical model from the Gaussian sequential simulation is selected to assess earthquake-induced geotechnical hazards. In particular, with seven independent input earthquake motions, liquefaction analysis with finite element analyses and hazard mappings with LPI and LSN are performed reliably based on the spatial geotechnical models in the study area. Furthermore, various phenomena and parameters, including settlement in the city planning area, are assessed in terms of geotechnical vulnerability also based on the high-resolution spatial-ground modeling. This case study on the high-precision 3D ground model-based zonations in the area of interest verifies the usefulness in assessing spatially earthquake-induced hazards and geotechnical vulnerability and their decision-making support.

PURPOSES : This study aimed to examine the effect of fog on the optical properties of taillights and the relationship between luminous intensity and the visibility distance of taillights on the road. METHODS : Changes in luminous intensity were measured using a light meter. Participants subjectively evaluated visibility distance. The artificial fog was reproduced using weather-generating facilities at the Center of Road Weather Proving Ground (CRPG). RESULTS : As expected, the average luminous intensity under intermediate fog conditions was reduced to 72% compared to normal weather conditions and 44% under heavy fog conditions in the case of the tail lamp-only lit condition. In the case of the tail lamp and brake lamp lit condition, the average luminous intensity was reduced to 76% under heavy fog conditions and 55% under intermediate fog conditions compared to normal dry conditions. In addition, the average visibility distance was reduced by 41% when fog conditions changed from intermediate to heavy in the case of the tail lamp-only lit condition and 39% in the case of the tail lamp and brake lamp lit conditions. Changes in visibility distance corresponding to the gradual change in luminous change were evaluated by participants, and the linearly regressed equations for the relationship between the intensity levels and the visibility distance were derived and examined for their meaning in terms of road traffic safety concerning stopping sight distance. CONCLUSIONS : Luminous intensities were suggested, given the design speeds, to satisfy the minimum stopping distances. In addition, the required speed reduction allowances were suggested given the design speeds if the luminous intensity remains unchanged.

Earthquake event keeps increasing every year, and the recent cases of earthquake hazards invoke the necessity of seismic study in Korea, as geotechnical earthquake hazards, such as strong ground motion, liquefaction and landslides, are a significant threat to structures in industrial hub areas including coastal facilities. In this study, systemized framework of integrated assessment of earthquake-induced geotechnical hazard was established using advanced geospatial database. And a visible simulation of the framework was specifically conducted at two coastal facility areas in Incheon. First, the geospatial-grid information in the 3D domain were constructed with geostatistical interpolation method composed of multiple geospatial coverage mapping and 3D integration of geo-layer construction considering spatial outliers and geotechnical uncertainty. Second, the behavior of site-specific seismic responses were assessed by incorporating the depth to bedrock, mean shear wave velocity of the upper 30 m, and characteristic site period based on the geospatial-grid. Third, the normalized correlations between rock-outcrop accelerations and the maximum accelerations of each grid were determined considering the site-specific seismic response characteristics. Fourth, the potential damage due to liquefaction was estimated by combining the geospatial-grid and accelerations correlation grid based on the simplified liquefaction potential index evaluation method.

Park Jae-hyun & Kim Han-sham. 2015. “Study on Development of Broadcasting Language Assessment Scales using Analytic Hierarchy Process”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 23(3). 91~112. Existing discussions about assessment scales of broadcasting language had different assessment items according to the point of view and there were many restrictions to actually use them because no consideration was made to importance of assessment items. This study aims to develop assessment scales with high validity and effectiveness for broadcasting language. For this, logical structure of evaluation category and assessment items of broadcasting language were drawn on the basis of advanced researches on requirements for broadcasting language. With respect to evaluation category and assessment items of broadcasting language, weight rating was conducted on 14 Korean language experts and 14 broadcasting experts using the analytic hierarchy process. As for the evaluation category based on assessment result, relative importance was calculated in the order of fairness(31.5%), publicness(26.15%), accuracy(24.75%), and soundness(17.60%). As for the evaluation items, ranking was determined in the order of ‘Do you use expressions with low dignity?’, ‘Do you use discriminatory expressions?’, ‘Do you use biased expressions?’, and ‘Was incorrect transcription exposed on the subtitles?’ In addition to this, discussion was made about differences in evaluation outcome of Korean language experts and broadcasting experts.

Kim Han-saem. 2012. The Principle and Practice to Transcribe the Name of Foreign Place in Korean. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 20(2). pp. 213-237. This paper discusses the basic principle of representing loan words and the real spelling in the dictionary. The current Loan word Orthography of Korean have two mainstays: the one, a loan word belongs to Korean, and the other, a loan word is written in original pronunciation. Though the regulation for representing loan word is existing, there are various way for representing the name of foreign place in actual. The most important thing is not theoretical argument but user's convenience. The name of places based on traditional Korean sound for Chinese character in the culture sphere of Chinese Characters - centered familiar place and important inaspect of history and people - are used in common and recognized as normative notation. According to the frequency of courpus and internet, the ratio of Chinese names of place written with conventional way based on Chinese character is much more than that of Japanese names. As for names of country, there are three kinds of synonym - official full names, generic names, and names by transliteration. The official names were fixed by the National Institute of the Korean Language in cooperation with Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade.

본 연구에서는 항만 구역의 지진피해예측 평가체계를 구축하기 위해 필요한 지진피해예측 관련 시스템 및 내진설계 현황 및 항만구조물의 지진피해 사례를 조사하였으며, 더불어 주요 항만 구역의 구조물의 현황 및 특성을 조사, 분석하였다. 이를 토대로 지반 정보와 항만 구조물의 지진 취약도를 고려한 항만 구역(구조물)의 지진피해예측 간이 평가방안을 개발하였다.

In this study, Retarder, which shows characteristics of delay hydration reaction and reduce hydration heat in concrete, was processed through granulation and paraffin coat to induce reation by hydration heat. Concrete with Granulated and paraffin coated retarder were prepared and compressive strength was measured by curing at 20℃ and 40℃. As a result, it was confirmed that retarder exhibits performance depending on the curing temperature.

In this study, Retarder, which shows characteristics of delay hydration reaction and reduce hydration heat in concrete, was processed through granulation and paraffin coat to induce reaction by hydration heat. The prepared paraffin coated granular retarder was mixed with the mortar and the setting time was measured according to the desired temperature. As a result, it was confirmed that paraffin coated granular retarder which does not react during the concrete placing exhibits performance depending on the temperature.

In this study, Retarder, which shows characteristics of delay hydration reaction and reduce hydration heat in concrete, was processed through granulation and paraffin coat to induce reation by hydration heat. Concrete with Granulated and paraffin coated retarder were prepared and compressive strength was measured by curing at 20℃ and 40℃. As a result, it was confirmed that retarder exhibits performance depending on the curing temperature.

철도교량의 구조적 안전성 및 사용성을 지속적으로 확보를 위해서는 상시적인 계측을 통하여 교량의 구조적 성능을 감시할 수 있는 시스템의 적용이 필요하다. 현재까지 개발된 기법은 대부분 경제성 및 적용성이 뛰어난 가속도계 측정값을 이용하여 추출한 고유진동수, 모드형상 등의 모달응답을 기반으로 하고 있으나, 이러한 추출과정은 동적응답의 수치해석적 후처리과정을 포함하고 있어 구조적 성능평가 결과에 오류를 발생시키는 주요 원인이 되어 왔다. 이 연구에서는 교량에서 추출한 시간영역 회전각을 이용하여 산정한 변형에너지의 변화에 기반한 손상 평가 기법을 제안하였다. 이 연구에서 제안한 방법은 시간영역에서 측정된 가속도값을 이용하여 산정한 구조물의 회전각에 기반하고 있어 모달응답 추출과 같은 별도의 후처리 과정이 없으며 실제 구조물에 적용이 용이하다. 제안된 이론의 적용성을 검증하기 위하여 수치해석을 이용한 검토를 수행하였으며, 검토 결과 제안된 이론은 충분한 사용성을 가지는 것으로 나타났다.

This paper presents estimation of stiffness parameter on floating structure using dynamic properties such as mode shapes and natural frequencies. The stiffness parameter of the floating structure was estimated via system identification technique.