Kim, Kyung Suk. 2004. The Portrayal of Korea in an English- English Dictionary. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea, 12(2). This paper examines the sentences relevant to Korea which were found in a search of an English-English dictionary to see how they portray Korea. One hundred nineteen sentences were obtained from the CD-ROM version of Collins-Cobuild English Dictionary for Advanced Learners (2001) and they were judged as to whether they present positive, neutral, or negative images. The majority of the sentences (73/119) have neutral portrayals. Among the remaining sentences, 12 are positive and 34 are negative. When the data are sub-categorized into three groups, it becomes obvious what the positive and negative sentences in the data reflect in general. Nine positive sentences out of the total 12 positive ones are relevant to the activities/people of the Republic of Korea. Twenty-four of the negative sentences include the generic expressions of Korea referring to both South and North Korea (e.g., Korean peninsula or Koreans) or phrases referring to North Korea more explicitly. When we look more closely at the negative sentences, it is found that they are mostly related to the political tension or military conflicts between South and North, which happened quite a while ago and which we have fully recovered from. In order to prevent those sentences from leaving a potentially bad imprint on the users of the dictionary, we need to give feedback to the publisher about the results of this line of research and ask them to replace the sentences with positive/neutral sentences when they update the dictionary.

W에 소량의 Ti를 첨가하여 그 함량 변화에 따른 X-선 마스크 흡수체용 W-Ti 박막의 물성을 연구하였다. W-Ti 박막은 DC magnetron sputtering system을 이용하여 증착하였다. Sputtering 증착시 증착압력의 증가에 따라 박막의 밀도는 감소하였으며 박막의 응력은 압축응력으로 바뀌었다. Ti 함량이 증가함에 따라 천이 압력 근방에서의 응력곡선의 기울기가 감소하였으며 천이 압력도 점차 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. Pure-W 시편의 경우 천이 압력이 약 6.5mTorr로 비교적 높았으며, 이 때 박막의 밀도는 17.8g/cm3이었고 함량 6.5%에서 가장 낮은 천이 압력(4.3mTorr)을 보였으며, 이때의 박막 밀도는 17.7g/cm3로 pure-W과 거의 차이가 없음을 알 수 있었다. SEM을 이용한 미세구조 분석결과 pure-W 박막은 원형의 주상정 조직을 보이고 있으며, Ti가 첨가된 W-Ti 박막의 경우에는 가늘고 긴 침상 모양을 가지는 주상정 조직을 형성하고 있다. 또한 이러한 침상조직은 Ti함량이 증가할수록 더욱 발달하고 있으며, AFM 분석결과 Ti 첨가 시편 모두 18Å이하의 우수한 평균 표면 평활도를 나타내었다. 나타내었다.

In this paper, about 300 ground anchors which was long-term loss of tensile force occur were investigated and analyzed to determine (a)the magnitude of the load loss, (b)the causes and countermeasures of long-term loss of tensile force of ground anchors

After Po-Hang earthquake(Magnitude 5.4, Nov.15. 2017), total 55 cut slopes along the expressway within 25km from earthquake source were examined if there were any signs of instabilities such as rockfalls, surface failure, cracks and wood tumbles. Examination revealed that no cut slope showed any abnomality. This result raise an issue if design of slope against seismic activity is necessary. In this paper, necessity and seismic analysis method are discussed.

Early alarm system is to detect slope movement before its collapse for road manager to respond quickly. In this paper, alarm criteria for this system is suggested when vibration and angle sensor are used.

After operating Early detection of slope movement and alarm system, it is found that several improvements are necessary. Especially, alarm criteria for slope movement is critical in reliable operation of the system.

After operating Early detection of slope movement and alarm system, it is found that several improvements are necessary. Especially, alarm criteria for slope movement is critical in reliable operation of the system.

Frequent damages and safety incidences had occurred. Although Korea Expressway Coporation is well organized for various disaster and incidences on expressway based on its many experiences, it still have difficulties in demonstrating its superiority and capability in disaster management. Also when compared with disaster management framework of other organization in developed countries, level of the management still need the improvement.

This paper shows examples of damage cases for corrugated steel plate structures in Korea expressway. There are two representative types of damages. One is a water leak and the other is the deformation of inner section. The results of this study will be useful for future maintenance of corrugated steel plate structures.

Lateral movement of bridge abutment is frequently causing damages to the expansion joints, bearings, bridge backwall and settlement of approach slabs. In this study, about 1,000 bridges which was lateral movement occur were investigated. The investigation shows that the lateral movement of abutment occurred not only in soft ground, but also in abutment on embankment of the normal soil conditions. The causes of lateral movement included settlement and deformation of high embankment, lateral spread of soft ground, expansion of con'c pavement by alkali-aggregate reaction.

After reviewing the technical consulting reports and field surveying the whole corrugated steel plate structures in the Expressway, factors causing the problems are analyzed suggestions for the improvement of the design and construction of the structures are given.

Lateral movement of bridge abutment is frequently causing damages to the expansion joints, bearings, bridge backwall and settlement of approach slabs. This result in high maintenance cost and inconvenience to road users. In this study, about 1,000 bridges which was lateral movement occur were investigated. Based on the inverstigation, some suggestions to minimize the lateral movements of abutment were proposed to include reinforcement method of lateral movements occurred bridges.

본 논문에서는 토석류로 인해 발생하는 도로 피해를 예방·저감시키기 위한 도로관리기관의 방재정책과 예방적 방재를 위해 필요한 기술 그리고 사업의 실행과정에서 발생하는 타 기관과의 조정 및 협력방안에 대한 내용을 소개한다. 최근 우리나라의 여름철 강수특성은 집중강우 빈도가 증가하는 추세이며, 집중강우 시 경사가 급한 산지부에서 발생하는 토석류 산사태로 인한 도로 피해 빈도도 증가하고 있다. 토석류로 인한 도로 피해예방과 저감을 위해서는 토석류가 가능한 구간에 대하여 예방적인 재해저감시설을 설치하거나 모니터링을 통해 도로 이용 차량의 대피 또는 토사퇴적물의 신속한 제거와 같은 대응을 필요로 한다. 하지만, 토석류는 자연재해의 일종으로서 정확한 발생시기와 발생위치 및 규모 예측이 어려우므로 토석류 방재를 위해서는 일정수준의 방재목표 설정과 예측기술의 확보 그리고 대책시설의 설치기준을 설정할 필요가 있다. 토석류 방재목표는 근본적으로 토석류 발생시 도로의 피해를 최소화시키는 것이며, 강우의 규모에 따라 토석류 발생규모와 피해규모가 달라지므로 정량적인 목표기준은 강우를 토대로 설정하는 것이 바람직하다. 이를 위해 과거사례를 토대로 토석류 유발강우를 분석하고 방재목표 강우기준을 재현주기 50년의 강우시에 도로 피해가 발생하지 않고, 재현주기 100년의 강우시에는 피해최소화, 그 이상의 강우에서는 신속대응을 방재목표로 설정하였다. 토석류 방재를 위해서는 토석류 위험성이 있는 위치를 선정하는 기법과 기준을 필요로 하며 본 연구에서는 과거 토석류 발생사례 분석을 통해 유역단위로 토석류 위험정도를 정량적으로 평가하고 방재목표에 사용되는 강우기준와 연계시켜 위험정도를 등급화시킬 수 있는 방법을 개발하고, 고속도로 인접 유역별 위험 등급을 결정하여 설정된 방재목표에 따라 시설을 설치할 수 있는 기술기반을 마련하였다. 토석류 재해는 산지에서 시작하지만 피해는 도로에서 발생하므로 피해 복구 또는 예방사업은 토석류가 시작-이동-퇴적되는 구역별 담당기관 간의 업무에 대한 조정과 협력이 필요하다. 국내는 산지소유 또는 관리권한에 따라 산림청과 지방자치단체로 업무가 나뉘어져 있으므로 도로관리기관에서 토석류 방재정책을 수립할 때는 이들 기관과 업무추진 방식, 예방사업의 주체, 실제 사업시행 시 상호협조사항 등에 대한 사전 조율과 협력이 필수적이다. 이를 위해 산림청과 협업 체계를 마련하고 고속도로 노선별 단계적인 공동조사와 사업추진방향 회의를 통해 고속도로 토석류 예방사업을 추진하고 있는 상황이다.

Damage of pavement over corrugated steel plate culvert with shallow cover was analyzed by filed investigation and numerical analysis. Field measurement showed that the flexible culvert was within the deformation limit and was structurally stable. Numerical analysis showed that deformation of culvert at the crest during the passage of heavy vehicle was about 2.72mm while the thrust and moment within the structure was far below the allowable value. It is concluded that the pavement was damaged by the cyclic deformation of culvert by the heavy vehicle.

In this study, lateral movement of 78 single-span bridge abutment was investigated. The result showed that the movements were commonly within the range of 10 ~ 30mm. It is recommended that the clearance between the slab and the backwall should be adjusted to accept the movement of the abutment.