세계적인 사료용 곡물 및 조사료 수입가격의 상승에 대응하고, FTA 등 개방 확대에 따른 국내산 축산물의 경쟁력 향상 및 보리 수매 중단에 따른 농가 소득 보전을 위해 마련된 정부의 청보리 중심의 양질 조사료 생산대책은 재배면적 확대 및 조사료 자급률 향상에 기여하였다. 그러나 청보리만으로는 최대생산에 한계가 있으므로 청보리 저위 생산지역에서 대체작목의 도입과 청보리 재배 가능지역에서 수확량이 많은 양질 조사 료 생산을 위해 다 년간에 걸쳐 각 지역에서 여러 사료맥류의 생산성 및 품질을 검토하였다. 또한 농가의 지나친 벼 조기이앙은 답리작에 다양한 사료맥류의 도입을 제한하고 있으므로 각 지역별 사료맥류-벼의 작부체 계 검토하였다. 그 결과로써 건물수량과 TDN 수량 등 생산성을 고려한 지역별 우수작목은 경남이 귀리>청보 리>TCL(트리티케일)>호밀, 경북이 TCL>청보리>호밀>귀리, 전남이 TCL>청보리>귀리>호밀, 전북이 귀 리>TCL>청보리>호밀, 충남이 TCL>청보리>호밀>귀리, 충북이 TCL>청보리>호밀 순으로 높았다. 지대별·품 종별 벼의 이앙적기(중만생종, 중생종)와 사료맥류 수확시기를 고려할 때 시험이 수행되지 않은 경기도와 강원도를 제외한 전국 어디에서도 사료맥류(품종)의 수확시기가 중생 및 중만생종 벼의 최적 이앙시기보다 빨라 사료맥류-벼 연계 이모작 작부체계에서 사료맥류(품종)의 재배가 벼의 적기이앙에 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 판단되었다.

Hopum is a new japonica rice cultivar developed from the cross between Milyang165 and F1 crossing Milyang165 and Iksan438 at Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA, in 2006. This cultivar has a short grain shape and about 141 days growth duration from direct seeding to harvesting in the southern plain including Chungcheong province. This cultivar has short culm and spikelet number per panicle is similar to that of Nampyeongbyeo, while filled grain rate is lower than standard variety. This cultivar has medium size of brown rice and shows moderate resistance to leaf blast, to bacterial blight pathogens of K1, K2 and K3 and stripe virus disease but susceptible to major virus diseases and insect pests. The milled kernel of Hopum is translucent with non-glutinous endosperm. Protein and amylose content of Hopum is about 6.5% and 18.7%, respectively. This cultivar has better palatability of cooked rice than Chucheongbyeo harvested in Gyeongki province. Its milling recovery (76.8%) and percentage of perfect-shaped milled rice (94.7%) were higher than Nampyeongbyeo. The milled rice yield of Hopum was 5.83 MT/ha (15% higher than Juan) under wet-direct seeding, 5.66 MT/ha (8% higher than Juan) under dry-direct seeding, and 6.00 MT/ha (8% higher than Nampyeong) under ordinary transplanting cultivation. “opum”would be adaptable for ordinary transplanting and direct seeding in the southern plain including Chungcheong province.

‘Saenuri’ is a new japonica rice variety developed and registered by the rice breeding team of Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2007. This variety was derived from a cross between Gyehwa17 with lodging tolerance and high yield potential, and HR14026-B-68-6-1-5 with resistance to diseases and good eating quality. This variety has about 124 days growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in west-southern coast, Honam and Youngnam plain of Korea. It is about 78 cm in culm length and tolerance to lodging. In reaction to biotic and abiotic stresses, it shows moderately resistance to blast, and resistance to bacterial blight pathogen races from K1 to K3 and stripe virus, but susceptible to other major diseases and insect pests. The milled rice of “Saenuri” exhibits translucent, relatively clear non-glutinous endosperm and midium short grain. It has similar amylose content of 19.0% and lower protein content of 6.1%, and good palatability of cooked rice compared with Nampyeongbyeo. The milled rice yield performance of this variety is about 5.71MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. “Saenuri” would be adaptable to west-southern coast, Honam and Youngnam plain of Korea.

신간척지에 조기에 벼를 재배하기 위해서는 내염성 품종개발을 필요로 한다. 내염성 벼 개발을 위해 애기장대로부터 클로닝한 NHX1(Na+/H+ antiporter) 유전자를 아그로박테리움을 이용하여 벼에 형질전환하였다. BNHX1 형질전환체 T3 23계통, NHX1 형질전환체 T6 64계통을 선발하고 내염성 유묘검정을 수행하였다. 이 검정을 토대로 염에 대한 저항성을 5개 그룹으로 나누어 염에 대한 생육변화와 무기이온 함유량을 비교분석하였다. 내염성 벼인 인디카 계열의 Pokkali와 형질전환 계통일수록 초기 생육이 좋았고, 특히 염스트레스 초기에 뿌리생장이 염에 약한 계통보다 3~4배 큰 생장변화를 나타냈다. 또한 줄기부위의 양이온(Ca2+, K+, Mg2+ ) 함유량의 변화폭이 크며, Pokkali와 염에 강한 계통의 경우 염처리 시기동안 줄기부위의 Na+ 함유량이 염에 약한 계통보다 2~3배 적은 것을 확인하였다. 이렇게 선발된 내염성 계통은 간척지 적응성 내염성 벼 개발을 위한 중간모본으로 이용하고자 한다.

“Unmi” is a new japonica rice variety developed by the rice breeding team of Honam Agricultural Research Institute, NICS, RDA in 2007. This variety was developed from a across between Samcheonbyeo with lodging and cold tolerance and HR17870 derived from the cross of Iksan435 (Sobibyeo) and Sangju17 with resistance to diseases and good quality. This variety has about 110 days of growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in northern plain, northern and southern mid-mountainous areas of South Korea. It is about 68 cm in culm length and tolerant to lodging. In reaction to biotic and abiotic stresses, it shows moderate resistance to blast, and to bacterial blight pathogen races from K1 to K3, but susceptible to other major diseases and insect pests. The milled rice of “Unmi” is translucent and has relatively clear non-glutinous endosperm and medium short grain. It has about 17.3% amylose content, 6.3% of protein and similar palatability of cooked rice compared with Odaebyeo. The milled rice yield performance of this variety is about 5.16 MT/ha under the standard fertilizer level of the ordinary transplanting cultivation. “Unmi” would be adaptable for ordinary transplanting in the northern plain, northern and southern mid-mountainous area of South Korea.

Hwangeumnodeul is a new japonica rice cultivar developed from a cross between Milyang165 and HR15151-B-21-3 at Honam Agricultural Research Institute (HARI), NICS, RDA, in 2007. This cultivar has short grains and about 139 days of growth duration from direct seeding to harvesting in the southern plain areas. Culm length of this cultivar is 78 cm and the number of spikelet per panicle is similar to that of the check cultivar, Nampyeongbyeo, while filled grain rate is lower than the check variety. This cultivar is moderately resistant to leaf blast, bacterial blight pathogens of K1, K2 and K3 and stripe virus but susceptible to major virus diseases and insect pests. Milled kernel of Hwanggeumnodeul is translucent with non-glutinous endosperm. This cultivar has about 5.7% and 18.6% of protein and amylose contents, respectively. Palatability of cooked rice of Hwanggeumnodeul is similar to Nampyeongbyeo. Its milling recovery and head rice were 75.6% and 90.0%, respectively. Hwanggeumnodeul yielded 5.69 and 5.61 MT/ha in milled rice at the under wet-direct and dry-direct seeding conditions, respectively which are 17% and 12% higher than the check variety, Juanbyeo. It yielded 5.86 MT/ha, 8% higher than Nampyeongbyeo at the standard fertilizer level of the ordinary transplanting cultivation. “wanggeumnodeul”would be adaptable for ordinary transplanting as well as direct seeding in the southern plain including Chungcheong province.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the physicochemical characteristics of salinization of groundwater at the estern area of Cheju island. For this purpose, the major ions of groundwater. spring water are analyzed. The concentration of Cl- and Na-+K- contained in the groundwater at near the coastline are higher than those at inland area away from the coastline. The water quality components of groundwater observed at this area can be classified into 4 types such as Na-Cl, HCO3, Na-Cl-HCO3 and Ca-HCO3. The concentration ratio of SO4- to Cl- is 0.1354(R2=0.972) at this area. This value is very similar with Dittomer's ratio of 0.13. For Na-, K-, and Mg2+ versus Cl-, their ratios also show a significant relationship between sea water and groundwater in this area. From the chloride-bicarbonate ratio, it can be estimated that the intrusion distance of seawater from coastline to inland area is 2.8km at Onpyung-Nansan, Sangdo and Pyungdae areas, and 5.4㎞ at Kosung-Susan area. The mixing ratio between seawater and fresh water by the intrusion of seawater is decreased with the distance toward inland from coastline. This ratio(fresh water : seawater) is 80:20 in spring water adjacent the coastlines, Onpyung area and 99.8:0.2 in the well at No.3 of Susan located at inland away from the coastline. The concentration of Na- observed at field is 25∼45% lower than that theoretically calculated by this mixing ratio. Based on the data of EC, the equipotential line of 500μmhos/㎝ is located at 4∼5㎞ point at Kosung-Susan area and 2.5㎞ point at the other area. The equation of correlation between Cl- concentration and EC values is Cl-=0.1927EC-16.683 for the area lower than 500μmhos/㎝ and Cl-=0.2773EC for the area beyond 500 μmhos/㎝.