In this paper, we present change of human sensiblity when the 26 healthy female subjects were exposed with visual picture stimulus. We used Intermational Affective Picture System as the visual stimulus. The methods are AutoRegressive(AR) spectrum which is a linear method and Return Map which is a nonlinear mithod. SR spectrum may variability(HRV). The LF/HF of HRV and the variation of Return Map were analyzed from ECG signal of the female subjects. Return Map of RR intervals were analyzed by computiong the variation. When the subjets were stimulated by the pleasant pictures, LF/HF and variation were decreased compared with unpleasant stimulus, We may obtain good parameters for the measurement of the change of human sensibility for the visual picture stimulus.

For the effective utilization of apricot seed resources of food protein and lipid, the general composition, amino acid composition and chemical characteristics were analysed. The skinned and non-skinned apricot seed contained 53.9% and 48.0% of crude lipid, 24.7% and 26.8% of crude protein, respectively. There were no significant difference in the amino acid composition among skinned and non-skinned apricot seed. The major amino acids were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine, tyrosine and threonine, holding 14.6 to 16.9%, 12.4 to 13.7%, 9.2 to 12.1%, 7.2 to 7.5% and 7.0 to 7.2% of total amino acid content, respectively. The sum of these amino acids occupied about 50% to total amino acids. While the quantities of methionine, histidine, and lysine were poor content. The essential amino acids occupied about 30% to total amino acids. The acid, iodine and saponification value of apricot seed oil were 0.7 to 7.1, 80.8 to 107.5 and 182.7 to 208.4, respectively. These values were significant difference in skinned and non-skinned apricot seed.

수영만으로 유입되는 수영강수에 의한 하구의 물리적인 특성을 밝히기 위하여 1989년 5월부터 1990년 4월까지 월별로 관측된 염분 자료와 Officer(1977)가 제안한 식을 이용하여 담수량 및 그 체류 시간을 계산하였다. 그 결과, 수평적으로는 수영만의 동백섬을 기준으로 수영강과 접하고 있는 만 안쪽으로 저염화가 강하게 나타나고 연직적으로는 강 혼합과 부분 혼합의 특징이 나타났다. 그리고 수영강을 중심으로 광안리 쪽이 해운대쪽보다 높은 담수율을 나타내었다. 그리고 거리에 따른 담수율의 분포 특성을 알아보기 위하여 수영강에서 외해쪽으로 6개 정점에서 각각 계산한 담수율을 각각의 최대치로 나누어 계절별로 정규화한 결과 담수율이 지수함수적으로 감소하였다. 추계에는 정점C3를 기준으로 감소율이 다른 계절에 비해 현저히 떨어졌는데, 이것은 성층에 기인한 것으로 보인다. 그리고 앞에서 구한 담수율을 이용하여 수영강에서 유입되는 담수의 체류시간을 계산한 결과, 약 1.3일인 하계를 제외하고 나머지 계절은 약 10~15일 정도임이 밝혀져 하계가 다른 계절이 비하여 담수의 순환이 빠름을 알 수 있었다.

In order to study the seasonal variation in the physical properites in Suyoung Bay, we investigated the distributions of temperature, salinity, transparency and water color from May 1989 to April 1990. We also observed the tidal currents from February 27 to March 6 1990. There are conspicuous seasonal variation in water temperature and salinity. Water masses are characterized by two water types, i.e., one is influenced principally by river runoff and the other by the Tsushima Current. Transparency and water color increased gradually from the head of the bay to the mouth of the bay in all seasons. In winter, the transparency of water becomes minimum due to the enhanced vertical mixing.

A small and lightweight crawling robots have been actively studied thanks to their outstanding mobility and maneuverability. Those robots can navigate into more confined spaces that larger robots are unable to reach or enter such as debris and caves. In this paper, we propose a milli-scale hexapedal robot based on planar linkage design. To make this possible, two necessary conditions for successful crawling are satisfied: thrust force from the ground and aerial phase while running. These conditions are achieved through a newly developed leg design. The robot has a pair of legs and each leg has three feet. Those feet alternatively moves based on 1DOF planar linkage. This linkage is installed at each side of the robot and finally the robot shows the alternating gait and aerial phase during running. As a result, the robot runs with the crawling speed of 0.9 m/s.

Galgeun-tang (GGT) is a traditional medicinal formula that is widely prescribed to treat cold, asthma, and hives in Korea. Fermented herbal medicines can be made more effective than normal herbal medicines by increasing the absorption and bioavailability of the active compounds. In this study, we fermented Galgeun-tang to produce bioconversion constituents using Lactobacillus plantarum (GGT144), and found that four peaks were decreased, three peaks were increased and two new peaks appeared in the HPLC-DAD chromatogram. After HPLC-DAD-guided fractionation of the newly-appearing compounds (1 and 5) and the increased (6, 7, and 9) compounds, the structure of the compounds was determined using NMR and MS. Using this approach the compounds were identified to be pyrogallol (1), daidzein (5), liquiritigenin (6), cinnamyl alcohol (7), and formononetin (9), respectively. In addition, the decreased compounds were identified to be daidzin (2), liquiritin (3), ononin (4), and cinnam aldehyde (8) using HPLC-DAD analysis with standard compounds. The high performance liquid chromatography method was used to quantify the nine constituents in GGT and GGT144. All calibration curves of the standard compounds displayed excellent linearity with a R2 〉 0.9968.

Time-series change in Gyeongpo beach shoreline was illustrated using DGPS(Differential Global Positioning System, resolution < 0.6m) observation from April, 2009 to April, 2010. The shoreline was subdivided into 12 areas, and westward and eastward movement of shoreline position at each area was calculated. In general, the shoreline moved toward sea during summer, and it moved toward land during winter. The southern and northern part of the shoreline had different pattern in time-series. The shoreline in the southern part moved toward sea during summer and moved toward land during winter, but time-series pattern of the shoreline in the northern part was more complicated than that in the southern part. Pattern of time-series change in the northern part was made up of three different types; the first is that the shoreline moves continuously toward land, and the second thing is that the shoreline's movement is the opposite to the southern part, and the third thing is that the shoreline maintains a state of equilibrium without any great fluctuation. The total length of the shoreline was the largest during winter and the smallest during summer. In general, time-series change in the shoreline had positive(+) relationship with sea surface pressure and wind speed.

To understand the transport of anchovy egg-larvae, an integrated model consisting of a hydrodynamic model and a three-dimensional Lagrangian diffusion model was used for the anchovy Engraulis japornicus egg-larvae trace. Fist, in order to determine the circulation characteristics of the South Sea of Korea, residual flow according to tide, density and wind effect was investigated. In offshore regions, tide-induced residual current tends to flow eastward during the spring tide and westward during the neap tide. Residual flow is irregular due to the bottom topography in the coastal area. No special tendency was apparent in the open sea. Especially, the flow in the offshore regions showed results similar to that of the Tsushima Warm Current. The transport of anchovy egg-larvae is decided the physical properties of sea water. It is estimated that anchovy eggs spawned near the Jeju Island travels offshore, rather than to coastal areas, and grow in the front area between the coastal sea and offshore regions.

The three-dimensional hydrodynamic model was simulated to understand coastal sea front of formation and seasonal variation in the Southern Sea of Korea. In this study, we used to concept of stratification factor, to realize seasonal distribution of stratification coefficient which of seasonal residual flow, considered with, tide, wind and density effect. Tidal current tends to flow westward during the flood and eastward during ebb. The current by the wind stress showed to be much stronger the coastal than the offshore area in the surface layer. And the current by the horizontal gradient of water density showed to be relatively weak in the coastal area, with little seasonal differences. On the other hand, the flow in the offshore area showed results similar to that of the Tsushima Warm Current. The stratification factor (SHv) was calculated by taking into account the total flow of tide, wind and density effect. In summer, the calculated SHv distribution ranged from 2.0 to 2.5, similar to that of the coastal sea front. The horizontal temperature gradient showed to be strong during the winter, when the vertical stratification is weak. On the other hand, the horizontal gradient became weak in summer, during which vertical stratification is strong. Therefore, it is presume that the strength of vertical stratification and the horizontal temperature gradient affect the position of the coastal sea front.

In order to estimate volume transport by upwelling for single artificial seamount, same shape and size of artificial seamount already deployed was applied to numerical experiment. The result showed that strong upwelling appeared at front while took place downwelling at rear. The strongest upwelling existed at the top of the artificial seamount. Volume transport by upwelling was computed as 785 m3/s. Column arrangement was applied to two artificial seamount in three cases; case 1) no clearance, case 2) sixty-five meters of clearance as half of artificial seamount’s length, and case 3) hundred-thirty meters of clearance as an artificial seamount’s length. All cases of column arrangements showed more upwelling volume transport than that of single seamount. Particularly, the case of no clearance calculated as 106% and appeared the most upwelling effect comparing to two other cases. Row arrangement was also applied to two artificial seamount in three cases; case 4) no clearance, case 5) forty meters of clearance as an artificial seamount’s width, and case 6) eighty meters of clearance as twice of artificial seamount’s width. Upwelling volume transport in case 4 increased 48% than the case of single seamount. Other two cases of 5 and 6 were estimated as 97% increased and more effective than case 4. According to the case experiments, column arrangements show more upwelling volume transport than that of row arrangements. In cases of column arrangements, with decreasing clearance between two seamount, the effect increases while showing maximum value at clearance zero. In cases of row arrangements, on the contrary, with decreasing clearance between two seamount, the effect decreases while showing minimum value at clearance zero. Since simple barotropic condition was considered for this study, further study is necessary by considering baroclinic condition to get close to reality. In conclusion, in deploying artificial seamount, optimal arrangement should be well designed to enhance primary and secondary productivity and to increase the diversity of species as well as reducing time and space.

검정콩 안토시아닌의 항산화력과 암세포독성을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 안토시아닌 함량은 일품검정콩이 공시재료 중 가장 높게 나타났으며, 특히 C3G 함량은 타 계통보다 2배 이상 높았다. 2. 안토시아닌을 분획한 후 각각의 pigment로 항산화 효과를 분석한 결과 TEAC 법과 DPPH법 모두 C3G, D3G, 및 Pt3G의 효과가 인정되었으며, C3G와 D3G의 항산화력이 높게 나타났다. 일품검정콩과 재래속청간 품종 비교에서는 일품검정콩이 3가지 분획 모두 재래속청 보다 항산화 효과가 높았으며, 이는 TEAC 법과 DPPH법 공히 같은 경향이었다. 3. 인간 암세포인 Jurkat T 세포와 MCF-7 세포에 안토시 아닌 개별색소(C3G, D3G 및 Pt3G)를 100~500ug/mL 농도로 처리하고 암세포에 대한 독성을 관찰한 결과, 3가지 시험물질 모두 두 가지 암 세포에서 세포독성 효과를 나타내었다. 이와 같은 결과는 검정콩 안토시아닌이 여러 가지 생리활성 효과를 가지고 있음을 나타내는 결과로 판단된다.

하계 한국 남서연안 해역에는 저온수가 나타나고 안개가 자주 형성되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 저온수의 출현시기 및 장소와 이 해역에서 형성되는 안개에 미치는 저온수의 영향에 대해 조사·분석하였다. 그 결과, 저수온역은 초여름 대흑산도 부근해역에서 나타나기 시작하여, 이것은 점차 이동하여 7월 말~8월 초 진도 남서쪽 해역에 위치하고, 그 후 10월 중순경 이 해역에서 소멸된다. 그리고 이 해역에서는 주로 4~8월에 안개가 발생하는데, 특히 인근해역에 비해 해면온도가 현저하게 낮은 진도해역에서 안개 발생빈도가 높은 것으로 보아, 이 해역에 나타나는 저온수가 안개의 형성에 상당한 영향을 끼치는 것으로 사료된다.

Jindong bay at the northwestern part of Jinhae bay suffers from the occurrence of red tides in summer every year. In order to study the management methods of coastal environments, an ecological numerical model has been developed. The model experiments was forecasted that the load of nutrients from the land and field concentration will be cut down per 10% each. When we cut down 57.2% nitrogen load in the inner bay and 38.4% phosphorous load in the outer bay of bottom layer of the nutrients load from land and field concentration, the seawater quality standard levels up first grade. When we cut down 86.5% nutrients in the inner bay and 93.0% nutrients in the outer bay, the concentration of chlorophyll a decreases below 3.2(an individual concentration of phytoplankton : 10,000cell/ml), i.e. the red tides do not occur.

We studied the appearance and proliferation of red tide organisms from March, 1998, to February, 1999, in the Jindong Bay. There were two red tide events during investigation, and we found that the dominant species Ceratium furca in May and Gymnodinium sanguineum in September, 1998. At surface, temperature and salinity showed 18.3∼19.7℃ and 30.6∼30.9 psu in May and 25.6∼27.0℃, 28.0∼28.5 psu in September, respectively. When the red tide occurred, the water mass was stable. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) and dissolved inorganic phosphate(DIP) in Jindong Bay showed seasonal variability. In May, the nitrogen was a limited nutrient in which the ratio of DIN versus DIP was less than 16 (Redfield ratio), while in September phosphate. During June to September, 1998, phosphate acted as a limited nutrient due to the increased river run-off from land. In May, chlorophyll-a, dissolved oxygen(DO) and chemical oxygen demand(COD) showed higher than 20㎍/ℓ, l0㎎/ℓ and 5.0㎎/ℓ, respectively. In September, they showed in turns 100㎍/ℓ, 10㎎/ℓ and 10㎎/ℓ, respectively.

In order to fast predict the wind-driven current in a small bay, a convolution method in which the wind-driven current can be generated only with the local wind is developed and applied in the Sachon Bay. The root mean square(rms) ratio defined as the ratio of the rms error to the rms speed is 0.37. The rms ratio is generally less than 0.2, except for all the mouths of Jinju Bay and Namhae-do and in the region between Saryang Island and Sachon. The spatial average of the recover rate of kinetic energy(rrke) is 87 %. Thus, the predicted wind-driven current by the convolution model is in a good agreement with the computed one by the numerical model. The ratio of the difference between observed residual current (Vr) and predicted wind-driven current (Vc) to a residual current, that is, (Vr -Vc)/Vr shows 56%, 62% at 2 moorings in the Sachon Bay.

A three-dimensional ecosystem model is applied to the Suyoung Bay, located at the southeastern part of Korea, to study of the material distribution in the time scale of several tens days. The model has included of the DIN(Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen), DIP(Dissolved Inorganic Phosphate), phytoplankton, zooplankton and detritus, and also was coupled with the physical processes. The spatial distribution of chlorophyll-a and primary productivity in the model is determined by the physical and chemical-biological parameters. The horizontal distributions of the DIN, DIP and chlorophyll-a are decreased from the coast to the off-shore, though the nutrients show some more complicated pattern than the chlorophyll-a. The nutrient contents in the off shore are low, and thus a relatively low productivity(chlorophyll-a) are presented. On the whole, the distribution of the results of model are smoother than the observed ones and some small scale variation in the observed data cannot be reproduced by the model due to the resolution limits of model. However, the basic pattern and the quantitavities has been reproduced by the model well.