This surfactant can be used as a cosmetics and chemical dispersants. The variation of critical micelle concentration(CMC) with temperature for N-eicosyl pyridinium bromide over the range 40℃ to 60℃ has been measured by drop methods. Thermodynamic quantities for micellization of N-eicosyl pyridinium bromide in water have been calculated by polynominal equation.

In this study, 2-(Nitroimino)imidazoline was prepared by the reaction of nitroguanidine with ethylenediamine in the presence of water at 65℃. The product was identified by using various analytical tools such as melting point, elemental analyzer, IR spectrophotometer, mass spectrometer and TLC. This compound can be used as intermediate for prepareing pesticide-imidacloprid packing and cosmetics preservative.

현대기업은 흩어져 있는 정보를 어떻게 수집하고 가공하여 어떻게 이용할 것인가가 기업 운영에서의 주요한 관심사라고 할 수 있다. 수집된 정보는 사용자의 펼요에 따라 정보의 가공방식이 달라지며 그 결과도 달라진다. 따라서 사용자의 욕구를 정확히 파악한 후 이에 따른 CRS의 구축과 실행이 있어야 한다. 한편，CRS도 소프트웨어로써 시스템에 대한 해킹，아이디 무단사용 등과 같은 불법사용 사례가 많이 발생하고 있다. 이러한 시스템에 대한 불법사용을 단속하려면 국가의 지적재산권에 대한 정책이 필요할 뿐만 아니라 사용자들의 디지털 저작권에 대한 정확한 인식도 매우 중요하다. 본 연구는 중국의 대표적인 CRS-ETERM과 한국의 대표적인 CRS-TOPAS의 사용자들을 대상으로 ETERM과 TOPAS의 Software 속성과 디지털 저작권에 대한 사용자들의 인식을 비교，분석하고 CRS에 대한 만족도를 파악하며 시스템에 대한 추천의도에 미치는 영향을 파악하려고 한다.

Kim, Jun-Geun(Gisan) was a late 19th century Chosen dynasty painter who created numerous genre paintings for West European clients in the newly opened treaty ports of Wonsan, Busan and Inchon. The treaty ports in the late 19th century Chosen represented of the crossroads the economy, values, and the institutions of the West European powers. In particular, the agriculture-based economy, Confucianism, and land-owner noble class started being eroded by a commerce-based economy, the values of Christianity, West European institution, and a new class of people who amassed wealth from commerce. As Kim, Jun-Geun’s paintings were created for sale to West European clients, they exhibit characteristics that are distinct from the traditional genre paintings in terms of presentation style and the selection of the subject matters. The export genre painting originated in the 18th century around Guangdong, China. Broadly, there are two styles of genre paintings: the Guangzhou style and Ningbo style. Kim, Jun- Geun's paintings resemble the Ningbo style. The Ningbo style tends to highlight the main subjects, form an album of small paintings, and provide a simple treatment of the scenes without the background. Kim, Jun-Geun's paintings cover most aspects of life of common people of his time, ranging well beyond the subjects matters of the traditional genre paintings. His subject matters include the scenes of funeral, folk games, Buddhist and ancestor worship, prison and punishment, shaman custom, debauchees, government officials' formal trips, beggars and handicapped, etc. Many of the subjects are the neglected and the oppressed of the society. And he presents in detail the dress and its ornament that the subjects wear, and all the utensils and things around them. Besides, his subjects' faces are generally expressionless, and their postures are stiff; as such, the feeling of liveliness or movement is lacking. It may be the results of Kim, Jun-Geun's taking the other perspective, namely of his West European clients, rather than his own. The adoption of the other perspective may in turn be a product of the Social Darwinism and the new sense of values that accompanied the infusion of Christianity and West European institutions. Kim, Jun-Geun's portrayals of his subjects appear to reflect the attributes with which the West European Orientalists' of the period characterized the people of the Far East, namely, backwardness, barbarity, irrationality, violence, and mysticism.

In this study, benzoxazolo carbocyanine is of industrial importance as green-sensitizing dye in the spectral sensitization. Sensitizing dye was prepared by the reaction of 2-methyl-3-sulfopropyl-4,5-benzoxazolium (inner salt) with triethyl orthobenzoate in the presence of triethylamine. The product was identified by using various analytical tools such as elemental analyzer, IR spectrophotometer, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, 1H-NMR spectrometer, TGA and DSC. The maximum absorption peak in methanol solvent was 507 nm. Therefore, it was concluded that benzoxazolo carbocyanine dye can be used as sensitizing dye for the spectral sensitization of photographic emulsion and color cosmetics.

화장품과 유처리제 등에 응용할 수 있는 양이온 계면활성제인 N-octadecyl pyridinium bromide를 사용하여 온도 40~60℃ 범위에서 적하법을 이용한 임계미셀농도를 적용 미셀형성에 따른 열역학적 특성(자유에너지, 엔탈피, 엔트로피, 열용량)을 조사하였다. 그 결과 자유에너지 변화는 온도가 증가함에 따라 감소함을 알 수 있었다.

화장품과 유처리제 등에 응용할 수 있는 계면활성제인 hexadecyl pyridinium bromide를 사용하여 온도 40~60℃ 범위에서 임계미셀농도를 적하법으로 측정한 결과를 이용하여 미셀형성에 따른 열역학적 양을 다항식으로 계산하였다.

二合은 두 개의 漢字로 梵語의 복성모 음절을 표음하는 방법이다. 두 개의 漢字 중 첫 번째 글자는 성모가 두 번째 글자는 전체 독음이 표음에 이용된다. 전통적인 표음법인 反切과 비교할 때 두 번째 글자의 전체 독음이 표음이 사용된다는 점이 다르다. 二合에 사용된 글자들의 결합 양상을 보면 이미 알려진 대로 경향성을 보여주는데 그것은 첫째, 첫 번째 漢字가 폐음절일 경우 그 韻尾는 梵語의 두 번째 聲母와 유사하거나 일치하는 경우가 많다. 둘째, 첫 번째 漢字가 개음절이면 그 모음은 梵語의 주요모음과 유사하거나 일치하는 경우가 많다. 셋째, 梵語의 聲母가 s ś c j 등 치음 또는 경구개음인 경우 二合에 사용된 漢字의 주요모음은 -i인 경우가 많다. 이런 경향 이외에 자음과 모음 ṛ이 결합된 음절을 音譯할 경우에도 二合이 사용된다. ṛ은 일반적으로 모음으로 분류되나 음성학적 구조로 보면 자음과 모음이 혼합된 형태이고 실제 발음 시 모음적 색채가 실현되기 때문에 音譯 과정에서 단순한 모음이 아닌 자음-모음 형식으로 인식되어 그러한 현상이 생긴 것으로 추정된다. 중국어 對譯語와 梵語 어휘를 비교해 볼 때 그 음운이 잘 대응되지 않는 경우가 있다. 이는 對譯의 대상이 되었던 언어가 梵語가 아닌 다른 언어, 예를 들면 팔리어나 토카리안어 등이었기 때문일 가능성이 있다. 또한 梵語와 기타 언어 자체의 음운 변화를 고려해야 할 필요도 있다. 이런 부분에 대해서는 향후 좀 더 세밀한 연구가 있어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

This paper presents applicability of photocatalytic decomposition of methyl mercaptan using TiO2. A quartz reactor was used in order to elucidate reaction pathway in photocatalytic decomposition of methyl mercaptan. Experimental results showed that more than 99.9% of methyl mercaptan was decomposed within 30 minutes. It was found that the photocatalytic decomposition of methyl mercaptan followed pseudo first order and its reaction coefficient was 0.05min-1 During 30 minutes in the photocatalytic reaction, the concentration of methyl mercaptan, dimethyl disulfide, SO2, H2SO4, COS, H2S were determined. These results showed that 64% of methyl mercaptan were compensated for the increase in sulfur after 30 minutes through the mineralization. The proposed main photocatalytic decomposition pathway of methyl mercaptan was methyl mercaptan→dimethyl disulfide→SO2→H2SO4.

중국어 모어 학습자들을 대상으로 한국어를 교육할 경우 부딪히게 되는 대표적인 문제로는, 발음 교육에서는 유음 ㄹ, 연음, 모음 ㅡ, ㅢ, 후설모음 ㅓ, ㅜ, ㅗ 등의 발음이 어려움으로 대두될 수 있다. 또한 문법 방면에서는 무엇보다도 조사의 활용이 학습자로 하여금 어려움을 느끼게 하는 요소이며, 그 중에서도 ‘은/는’ 과 ‘이/가’의 구분이 더욱 어려움을 느끼게 한다. 물론 위에서 제시한 문제 외에도 중국어에는 없는 종성의 발음 문제, 종성 대표음의 발음 문제, 경어 활용 등등 더 많은 문제들이 있는 것이 사실이다.드라마에서 학습자들이 접하게 되는 동사/형용사의 형태들은 이미 여러 가지 형태 변화 과정을 거치고 난 것이어서 초급이나 중급 수준의 학습자가 그것을 보고 기본형과 그 어미를 분리해내는 일은 매우 어려운 일이기 때문이다. 또한 잘 분리해내었다 하더라도 그 어미가 나타내는 어감과 의미를 알아내기도 어려운 일이다. 예를 들어 학습자가 드라마에서 ‘하렴’, ‘하려무나’, ‘하게’, ‘해야지’ 등등의 표현을 접하고 그 어감과 의미의 차이를 알아내는 일은 상당한 노력이 필요한 일일 것이다. 그러한 노력을 덜어주는 것이 사전의 역할일 것이다. 그러나 실제로는 중국어 모어 학습자들은 의미를 파악하기 위해 사전을 찾고 싶어도 기본형을 분리할 수 없기 때문에 찾을 수 없거나 찾아도 사전에 나와 있지 않아서 답답하다는 불만을 토로하는 경우가 많다. 중국어 모어 학습자들의 학습 편의를 도와주고 궁극적으로는 중국에서의 한국어 학습 수준을 제고시키는 데 유용하게 쓰일 수 있는 중국어 학습자를 위한 한국어 어휘사전, 한국어 학습 사전, 그리고 한국어 역순 사전 등이 나오기를 기대한다.

In this paper, we describe a study on the relationship between neutral emulsion manufacture and hardening test of films. The hardeners were prepared by condensation of equimolar amounts of trichlorotriazine with benzene- or naphthalene-based amino or oxy acids at 0 to 5℃ and at pH 7, and used as hardening agents for gelatin. The hardening test of neutral emulsion layers was studied at pH 7.0. For example I(R=ONa) had strong hardening properties, I substituted with an aminobenzosulfonate moiety (R=NHC6H4-p-SO3Me where Me = K, Na) was a much weaker gelatin hardener, and when substituted with amino- or oxynaphthalene derivative (II, III) did not harden gelatin at all. Compound with 2 dichlorotriazine groups as IV exhibited hardening properties. The hardener can be used in neutral emulsion layer of film and showed good hardening effect.

The acenaphthene(ACE) or acenaphthylene(ACEL) is one of the most frequently found compound in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated soil. In this study, we make 10mg/L ACE or ACEL in ethanol which is the model washing solvent for contaminated soil. This was followed by Fenton treatment in which 0.2 or 0.3mL of 30% H2O2 and 0.2 ml of 0.5 M Fe2+ were added. The results showed more than 88 or 99% of ACE or ACEL removal efficiency, respectively. Additionally, we employed GC-MS to identify the main oxidation product generated by the optimized Fenton oxidation [i.e., ACE or ACEL degraded in to 21, 34 % 1,8-naphthalic anhydride(NAPAN), repectively]. It is expected that biodegradability of NAPAN is enhanced because NAPAN has three oxygens compared with ACE and ACEL. Therefore the results suggest that the hybrid treatment system (i.e., ethanol washing -Fenton oxidation treatment) can be effectively applied to remove ACE or ACEL from soil..

강제 진동 실험은 구조물의 수학적 모델과 실제 모델의 상관관계를 입증하여 구조물의 성능을 정확히 평가하기 위해 중요하기 때문에, 동적 및 정적 가진 실험을 통해 구조물의 내진성능을 평가하는 다양한 기법이 사용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 복합 질량형 감쇠기(Hybrid Mass Damper, HMD)를 이용하여 지진하중을 모사하는 실물크기 철골조 구조물의 강제진동실험이 수행되었다. ANSYS를 사용하여 구조물의 유한요소 해석모델을 구축하였고, 강제진동 실험을 통해 얻은 계측데이터를 사용하여 이 해석모델을 갱신하였다. 의사 지진 가진 실험은 HMD에 의해 유도된 층응답이 실험을 통해 갱신된 유한요소모델을 사용한 수치해석 응답과 일치함을 보여준다.

Benzoxazolo carbocyanine compounds were synthesized by condensation of a suitable ortho-ester with an appropriately substituted 2-methylbenzoxazole in the presence of triethylamine. This compounds used as green sensitizing dyes in photographic emulsions. The compounds are characterized by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. The values(m/z) of structurally significant ions observed in FAB spectra. It was showed tentative fragmentation pattern in FAB spectroscopy of HN(C2H5)3 cations in glycerol/trifluoroacetic acid matrix.

In order to obtain the maximum flame retardancy as well as the minimum deterioration of physical properties of PU flame-retardant coatings, chlorine and phosphorus functional groups were introduced into the pre-polymer of modified polyesters. In the first step, the tetramethylene bis(orthophosphate) (TBOP) and neohexanediol dichloroacetate (DCA-adduct) intermediates were synthesized. In the second step, 1,4-butanediol and adipic acid monomers were polymerized with the two kinds of intermediates to obtain copolymers. The modified polyesters containing chlorine and phosphorus (ATBA-10C, -20C, and -30C) were synthesized by adjusting that the content of phosphorus compound was fixed as 2wt% and the contents of chlorine compound (dichloroacetic acid) were varied as 10, 20, and 30wt%. Average molecular weight and polydispersity index of the preparation of ATBAs were decreased with increasing DCA content because of the increase in hydroxyl group that retards reaction.

In this paper, magenta coupler was prepared by the reaction of 1-(2,4,6-Trichlorophenyl)-3-(5-amino-2-chloroanilino)-5-pyrazolone with 2,4-di-tert-pentyl-phenoxy butanoyl chloride in the presence of pyridine. The product was identified by using various analytical tools such as melting point, elemental analyzer, IR spectrophotometer, UV-Vis spectrophotometer and GC-mass spectrometer. The reaction of magenta coupler with CD-3 (color development agent) was shown magenta color.

Solvent-free low foaming scouring agents (LFSC) were prepared by blending of 2-ethylhexylaminoethyl sulfate (2-EHAS), POE(10) octadecylbenzyl- ammonium chloride (POBAC) and Sedlan FF-200 (FF-200). As the results of several tests, 2-EHAS/POBAC/FF-200/water (8g/12g/20g/60g) mixture (LFSC-5) showed good cleaning power, penetrating ability and stability to alkali, and gave less problem in water pollution. The foaming power of LFSC-5 measured by Ross and Miles method was 8mm foam height immediately after foaming, and that measured by Ross and Clark method was less than 300mm foam height at 30℃, and 18mm at 80℃. As a result, LFSC-5 proved a good low foaming scouring agent for fiber.

In general, water treatment sludge (WTS) had high concentration of heavy metal, thus it made the reuse or recycling of WTS difficult. The optimal solidification conditions for maximum suppression of heavy metal elution from WTS were decided in this study. Under the optimal solidification conditions (i.e., temperature, 320℃; ratio of WTS and MgO, 9:1; solidification time, 1hr), all of heavy metal including aluminum were not detected. Therefore there are no problems for reuse or recycling of WTS which was solidified under the optimal solidification conditions found in the study.

Copolymers (HSA-98-20, HSA-98-0, HSA-98+20) which are acrylic resin containing 80% solid content were synthesized by the reaction of monomers, including methyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate with a functional monomer, such as acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate (AAEM), which may improve in cross-linking density and physical properties of films. The physical properties of prepared acrylic resins, containing AAEM, are as follows : viscosity, 1420~5760cps ; number average molecular weight, 2080~2300 ; polydispersity index, 2.07~2.19 ; conversions, 88~93%, respectively. To prepare acryl resins, four kinds of initiators including α,α'-azobisisobutyronitirile (AIBN), di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP), t-amylperoxy-2-ethyl hexanoate (APEH), benzoyl peroxide (BPO) were used. The viscosity of the acrylic resins prepared with these initiators was increased in the order of DTBP〉APEH〉AIBN〉BPO. APEH was proved as a suitable initiator in this study. Shear rates of acrylic resins were constant in respect to viscosity. From these results, it would appear that the resins have Newtonian flow characteristics and good workability.