This case study examines the role of scaffolded prewriting activity in accelerating English writing development. Two Korean elementary students were engaged in a journal writing activity after they had read the first part of an informational trade book. During the next session, they had read the second part of the same book and then engaged in a scaffolded prewriting activity and a journal writing activity. The paired journal writing products without or with scaffolds were compared. The outcome of interest in the study included quality of writing and was assessed using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The two students produced better writing in terms of focus, support, and organization when they had the scaffolded prewriting activity. This study suggests that the instructional method of providing strategic writing scaffolds may foster English language learners’ writing skills development.

The accuracy of digital elevation models (DEMs) is crucial for properly estimating flood inundation area. DEM pixel size is especially important when generating flood inundation maps of small streams with a channel width of less than 50 m. In Korea, DEMs with large spatial resolutions of 30 m have been widely applied to generate flood inundation maps, even for small streams. Additionally, when making river master plans, field observations of stream cross-sections, as well as reference points in the middle of the river, have not previously been used to enhance the DEM. In this study, it was graphically demonstrated that high-resolution DEMs can increase the accuracy of flood inundation mapping, especially for small streams. Also, a methodology was proposed to modify the existing low-resolution DEMs by adding additional survey reference points, including river cross-sections, and interpolating them into a high spatial resolution DEM using the inverse distance weighting method. For verification purposes, the modified DEM was applied to Han stream on Jeju Island. The modified DEM showed much better accuracy when describing morphological features near the stream. Moreover, the flood inundation maps were formulated with the original 30 m pixel DEM and the modified 0.1 m pixel DEM using HEC-RAS modeling of the actual flood event of Typhoon Nari, and then compared with the flood history map of Nari. The results clearly indicated that the modified DEM generated a similar inundation area, but a very poor estimate of inundation area was derived from the original low-resolution DEM.

본 연구의 목적은 학습부진 초등학생의 동기 향상을 위한 집단상담 프로그램을 개발하고 그 효과성을 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위해 학습부진학생 지도교사들을 대상으로 프로그램 개발에 대한 요구조사를 실시하여 동기향상 프로그램의 모듈을 구성하였고, 선행연구를 분석하여 총 12회기의 프로그램을 개발하였다. 프로그램 모듈은 주요 동기요소인 목표설정, 자기효능감, 성취동기를 토대로 하고,대인관계 증진과 스트레스 대처 모듈을 추가하였다. 학교 교사가 직접 실시할 수 있도록 교사를 위한 집단 프로그램 운영 메뉴얼과 학생 워크북을 제작하고, 예비집단 운영결과를 토대로 프로그램을 수정 보완하였다. 완성된 프로그램은 학력향상형 창의경영학교 1개교에서 교사 4명이 학생 28명을 대상으로 실시하였고, 프로그램 실시집단 28명과 미실시집단 29명에게 학습자특성검사를 사전과 사후에 실시하여 프로그램 효과를 검증하였다. 그 결과 프로그램 실시집단의 자기효능감이 유의하게 향상되었고 학습동기와 목표지향성 유형이 긍정적으로 변화되었다. 학습부진 초등학생의 특성 및 학교현장의 운영 가능성에 적합한 동기향상 프로그램을 개발하였다는 데에 본 연구의 의의가 있으며, 그 밖에 연구결과에 대한 논의와 제한점을 기술하였다.