This survey was accomplished to compare the characteristics of water quality and algae at the Daechung Dam with those at its regulating reservoir from the year 2003 to 2005. In the case of Daechung Dam, three sites, such as the area near dam body, the Mooneui intake station, and Chudong intake station, were selected averaged data were used for the comparison. The water quality of the Daechung Dam are an follows; temperature is from 4 to 25℃(average 15), pH is from 7.3 to 8.6(average 7.9), DO is from 5.7 to 13.0mg/L(average 9.9), BOD is from 0.7 to 1.7mg/L(average 1.1), COD is from 2.5 to 4.4mg/L (average 3.1), SS is from 1.1 to 9.8mg/L(average 3.2), total coliform is from 0 to 37MPN/100mL(average 11), total phosphorus is from 0.008 to 0.074mg/L(average 0.022) and total nitrogen is from 1.087 to 2.175mg/L(average 1.492). The water quality of regulating reservoir are an follows; temperature is from 1.0 to 24.0℃(average 13), pH is from 6.7 to 8.2(average 7.6), DO is from 5.9 to 13.2mg/L(average 9.2), BOD is from 0.3 to 1.8mg/L(average 0.8), COD is from 2.4 to 5.3mg/L(average 3.8), SS is from 1.2 to 50mg/L(average 9.0), total coliform is from 0 to 260MPN/100mL(average 56), total phosphorus is from 0.005 to 0.224mg/L(average 0.04) and total nitrogen is from 1.123 to 5.227mg/L (average 2.3). The water quality of regulating reservoir had been the Class Ⅱ raw water criteria ein years ago, but it has been improved to Class I recently. Whereas the water quality of the Daechung Dam has been maintained as Ⅱ except COD.

탄소 섬유강화 에폭시기지 복합재의 경면 가공한 스테인리스강 상대재와 마찰과 마모에 바탕을 둔 연구에서는 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. (1) 복합재의 비마모율은 하중이 증가하면 N방향와 P방향에서는 증가하는 경향을 보이며,AP방향에서는 감소한다. 이것은 마모 메카니즘의 영향으로 속도가 증가하면 마모 이착막의 생성이 빨라져 이착막 속의 탄소섬유가 윤활제의 역할을 하기 때문이다. (2) 복합재의 마찰계수는 하중이 증가하면 N방향과 AP방향에서는 하중 39.2N까지 증가하다가 그 이상의 하중에서는 감소되며 AP방향에서는 하중이 증가함에 따라 서서히 증가하며, 또한 그 값은 N방향에서 가장 크고, AP방향이 가장 적다. (3) 일방향 탄소섬유 강화 복합재의 마모 거동에 미치는 하중의 효과는 다르며 마찰초반에 발생한 섬유에 의한 쟁기질과 섬유 굽힘 및 미소크랙에 의한 섬유 균열과 파괴에 따른 마모 메카니즘의 형태에 의한 것이다.

하이브리드 복합재료(Hybrid composites) 의 층간 파괴 인성치에 영향을 주는 인자 중 적층순서, 하중점변위율, 초기크랙길이를 변화 시켰을 때의 실험 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) CF/CF, CF/GF. GF/GF로 적층하였을 경우 층간파괴인성치값은 서로 같은 계면을 성형한 것보다 서로 다른 계면을 적층한 CF/GF의 경우가 강도면에서 가장 높게 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었다. (2) 하중점변위율은 미세한 변동은 있었으나, 하중점변위율의 영향은 거의 받기 않는 것을 알 수 있었다. (3) 초기크랙을 변화시켰을 때, 초기크랙길이의 영향은 일정하지 않았다. CF/CF인 경우는 초기크랙이 짧은 경우, CF/GF. GF/GF인 경우는 초기크랙이 긴 경우에 높은 값을 나타났다. 이것은 GF 섬유가 직조형태의 프리프레그로 되어 있어 크랙의 진전에 따라 섬유부스러기 등의 생성에 따른 영향이라고 생각된다. (4) 적층순서에 따라 파면의 섬유 분포 형태가 달랐으며 CF/GF인 경우가 섬유의 파손형태가 가장 복잡하게 나타났으며, 이것이 높은 층간파괴인성치를 나타내는 원인이라고 판단된다.

하이브리드 복합재료(Hybrid composite)의 모드 I 층간파괴인성치에 영영향 주는 인자 중 적층순서, 하중점변위율, 초기크랙길이를 변화 시켰을 때의 실험 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) CF/CF, CF/GF, GF/GF로 적층하였을 경우 층간파괴인성치값은 서로 같은 계면을 성형한 것보다 서로 다른 계면을 적층한 CF/GF 의 경우가 강도면에서 가장 높게 나타나는 것을 알 수 있다. (2) 하중점변위율을 0.2, 2, 20mm/min로 변화하였을 때, 미세한 변동은 있었으나, 허중점변위율의 영향은 거의 받지 않는 것을 알 수 있었다. (3) 초기크랙을 25, 30, 35, 40, 50mm로 변화시켰을 때 초기크랙길이의 영향은 일정하지 않았다. CF/CF인 경우는 초기크랙이 짧은 경우, CF/GF, GF/GF인 경우는 초기크랙이 긴 경우에 높은 값을 나타냈다. 이것은 GF 섬유가 직조형태의 프리프레그로 되어 있어 크랙의 진전에 따라 섬유부스러기 등의 생성에 따른 영향이라고 생각된다. (4) 적층순서에 따라 파면의 섬유 분포 형태가 달랐으며, CF/GF인 경우가 섬유의 파손형태가 가장 복잡하게 나타났으며, 이것이 높은 층간파괴인성치를 나타내는 원인이라고 판단된다.

This study centers on how the electronic democracy which is expected to be a political system of information society may increase civic participation and develop political system. On the other hand, critics of internet voting claim that the technology required to properly authenticate voters and assure the accuracy and integrity of the election system either does not exist or is not widespread enough in society to be equitable and effective. In order to capture the potential that this new technology offers, it must be implemented correctly, upon a well-conceived framework of standards and procedures. At the same time, government must seek the advice of industry leaders as well as social activists so as to avoid the many obstacles that will undoubtedly arise.

Many of researches regarding mechanical properties of composite materials are associated with humid environment and temperature. Especially the temperature is a very important factor influencing the design of thermoplastic composites. However, the effect of temperature on impact behavior of reinforced composites have not yet been fully explored. An approach which predicts critical fracture toughness GIC was performed by the impact test in this work. The main goal of this work is to study the effect of temperature and span of specimen supports on the results of Charpy impact test for GF/PE composite. The critical fracture energy and failure mechanism of GF/PE composites were investigated in the temperature range of 60℃;to;-50℃ by the Charpy impact test. The critical fracture energy showed the maximum at the ambient temperature, and it tended to decrease as the temperature increased or decreased from the ambient temperature. The major failure mechanisms are the fiber matrix debonding, the fiber pull-out and/or delamination and the matrix deformation.n.

장섬유 CF/에폭시 복합재료를 사용하여-50℃에서 60℃ 사이의 범위에서 스팬길이를 변화시켜 충격시험으로 얻어진 임계파괴에너지의 거동을 고찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. CF/에폭시 복합재료의 온도 변화에 따른 임계파괴에너지 GIC는 동일한 스팬길에서는 실온의 경우가 가장 높고, 60℃, -15℃ 그리고 -50℃의 순으로 낮게 나타났다. 2. CF/에폭시 복합재료의 스팬길이의 변화에 대한 임계 파괴에너지 GIC는 동일한 온도조건하에서는 스팬길이가 20mm인 경우가 가장 높게 나타났으나 불안정하며, 스팬길이는 40mm인 경우 임계파괴에너지 GIC는 가장 낮게 나타났으나 실험치의 흩어짐을 고려할 때 40mm인 경우의 시험편이 더 적절한 조건이라 생각된다. 3. 본 실험에 사용한 재료의 파괴기구는 섬유의 풀아웃, 섬유와 매트릭스 사이의 디본딩 그리고 매트릭스의 변형을 관찰할 수 있었으며, 이와 같은 파괴기가구 종합적으로 상호작용한다고 생각된다.

섬유함유율이 0%, 20% 그리고 30%인 단섬유 GF/PP 복합재료를 사용하여 80℃, 50℃ 그리고 실온에서 인장시험을 통하여 온도의 변화에 대한 파괴강도의 거동을 고찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 유리섬유로 강화하지 않은 순수 PP보다 유리섬유로 강화한 복합재료의 인장강도가 높게 나타났으며 섬유함유율이 증가할수록 그 값은 높게 나타났다. 2) 동일한 섬유함유율을 가지는 GF/PP 복합재료의 온도변화에 따른 인장강도는 실온의 경우가 가장 높게 나타나고 고온으로 갈수록 그 값이 낮게 나타났다. 3) GF/PP 복합재료의 파괴기구는 온도의 변화에 따라 매트릭스의 변형이 나타났으며 섬유의 풀아웃, 섬유와 매트릭스 사이의 디본딩을 관찰할 수 있었으며, 이와 같은 파괴기구가 종합적으로 상호작용한다고 생각된다.

The emulsion stability of W/O emulsion prepared by D phase emulsification during storage and handling is studied by using phase diagrams. The process of D phase emulsification begins with the formation of isotropic surfactant solution, followed by formation of oil-in-surfactant (O/D) gel emulsion by dispersion of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane(OMCS) in the surfactant solution. Polyols were essential components for this purpose. To understand the function of polyols, the solution behavior of nonionic surfactant/oil/water/polyol systems were investigated by the ternary phase diagrams of polyoxyethylene oleyl ether/OMCS/propylene glycol(PG) aqueous solutions. The addition of PG increased the solubility of oil in the isotropic surfactant phase. D phase emulsification method has been applied to a new type of cosmetics. By using this emulsification technique, O/W emulsion were formed without a need for adjust of HLB. Fine and stable W/O emulsions were prepared by D phase emulsion.

In this paper the failure mechanisms of polypropylene resin composites filled with calcium carbonate particulates have been studied in the temperature range -50℃ to -50℃ The fillers used are both untreated and surface treated with stearic acid. The impact fracture toughness is evaluated from the impact energy absorbed divided by the uncut ligament area of the specimen. Impact fracture toughness increases as temperature is raised whether the fillers are coated or not. The static fracture toughness of these particular composites is evaluated based on the linear clastic fracture toughness of these particular composites is evaluated based on the linear clastic fracture mechanics. Static fracture toughess decreases with increasing temperature whether the fillers are coated or not. An extended stress whitened zone are observed through a large number of availabel sites for cavitation/debonding along particle matrix interface and matrix deformation.

The interannual variability of summer temperature during June-August (JJA) in South Korea was associated with geopotential height averaged in the East Sea (Korea-Japan Index, KJI) and in the subtropical western North Pacific (Western North Pacific Subtropical High Index, WNPSHI). The KJI was coupled with a decaying El Niño one month in advance, while the WNPSHI was influenced by Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomaly in the western North Pacific and a developing El Niño one to three months ahead. Additionally, the JJA temperature over South Korea was affected by SST anomaly in the western North Pacific in May. Based on these teleconnections, a multivariate regression model using the SST surrogates for the KJI and WNPSHI and an univariate model using an area-averaged May SST were developed to reconstruct the JJA temperature over South Korea. Both of the empirical models reproduced the JJA and monthly temperatures reasonably well. However, when the simulated SSTs from global climate models were used, the multivariate model outperformed the univariate model. Further, for JJA temperature prediction, the multivariate model with 6-month lead SST outstripped one-month lead prediction of global climate models. Therefore, the empirical-dynamical approach can pave a promising way for summer temperature prediction in South Korea.

Flight of an autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) generally consists of four steps; take-off, ascent, descent, and finally landing. Among them, autonomous landing is a challenging task due to high risks and reliability problem. In case the landing site where the UAV is supposed to land is moving or oscillating, the situation becomes more unpredictable and it is far more difficult than landing on a stationary site. For these reasons, the accurate and precise control is required for an autonomous landing system of a UAV on top of a moving vehicle which is rolling or oscillating while moving. In this paper, a vision-only based landing algorithm using dynamic gimbal control is proposed. The conventional camera systems which are applied to the previous studies are fixed as downward facing or forward facing. The main disadvantage of these system is a narrow field of view (FOV). By controlling the gimbal to track the target dynamically, this problem can be ameliorated. Furthermore, the system helps the UAV follow the target faster than using only a fixed camera. With the artificial tag on a landing pad, the relative position and orientation of the UAV are acquired, and those estimated poses are used for gimbal control and UAV control for safe and stable landing on a moving vehicle. The outdoor experimental results show that this vision-based algorithm performs fairly well and can be applied to real situations.