Deseeded jujubes are commonly consumed as snacks. This study was conducted to develop a seed-removing machine for jujubes that relieves hard work in manual seed removal. The seed-removing machine consists of a jujube supplying unit, a punching unit, and a discharging unit. To test the performance of the machine, shape characteristics, seed removing rate, sarcocarp cracking rate, and flesh hardness were analyzed throughout the jujube storage period. The machine showed good seed removing and sarcocarp cracking rates at room temperature and cold temperature storage on days 2, 15, and 50. Seed removing rates were 80% at day 15 and 96% at day 50. The sarcocarp cracking rates were 33% for day 15 and 30% for day 50. Hardness started to decrease from day 8 to day 70 at both room temperature and cold temperature storage. The working capacity of the machine was 900 fruits/h. The results showed that the jujube seed removing machine is useful for reducing the labor requirements of postharvest jujube processing.

The purpose of this study was to research and analyze which classes teachers and students, who are the subjects on the education field, view as ‘good physical education classes,’ and thus analyzing the differences in response, conceptualize the concrete realities and apply them to the actual classes. In order to achieve the stated goal above, a survey was conducted of 190 secondary school physical education teachers and 742 secondary school students of Seoul Metropolis who were chosen through random sampling. The survey was reconstructed with reference to previous researches, after which it was tested with regard to credibility and validity before use. The conclusions were as follows: First, with regard to the values that should be pursued in ‘good PE classes,’ both teachers and students stated that relationships were seen as the most important, with 'transmission' and 'product' viewed as least important on the part of the teachers and students respectively. Second, with regard to the factors hindering ‘good PE classes,’ both groups chose the education policy as the main obstacle, with teachers selecting the available facilities and environment as the second greatest factor, and students in turn choosing reciprocal relationships with teachers. Third, with regard to the subcomponent factor, it was found that students viewed meaningful and interesting class contents as important, whereas teachers were of the opinion that it was important to lay down definite goals and contents. With regard to the teaching method, teachers viewed methods that provoke student interest and take into account individual student aptitude and ability highly, while students viewed interesting classes as ‘good PE classes.’ Both groups felt that active interaction and an atmosphere of mutual respect were important to the class ambience and environment. Although there was a relatively low response rate with regard to the general view on evaluation, teachers were of the opinion that in order to get a thorough evaluation on ‘good PE classes’ there needed to be an assessment on student attitude and emotion in addition to athletic capability, whereas students felt that a reliable, impartial, and objective assessment was the best way to evaluate good PE classes. Thus, based on the research above, we can define ‘good PE classes’ as classes where interesting and meaningful contents can be delivered to students through various, interesting means, where teachers and students can interact actively, and where not only athletic capabilities, but attitudes and emotions can also be evaluated in an impartial and credible way.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the screening ratio and practical skill test of the exam of Department of Physical Education in National Universities which are the institutions to nurture PE teachers to make a comparative analysis of common things and differences of those exams. To do the study, 11 National Universities which have Department of Physical Education were selected as subjects. Screening ratio and details of practical skill test were analyzed based on the exam materials of those colleges in 2012. From the analysis, it was found that exam of department of Physical Education was composed of National College Entrance Exam, Practical Skill Test, Comprehensive School Record of High School, Interview and Aptitude and Personality test and universities have different schemes to select their students. Among them, National Universities Entrance Exam was the most important element. Practical skill test was composed of basic physical strength test and sports skill test. There were various variations in the number and contents of the measurements among schools. Basic physical strength elements were limited to agility, quick reaction, muscle endurance and flexibility. For sports skill test, gymnastics, athletics, volley ball, basketball, soccer, handball and dancing were tested. Accordingly, it is thought necessary to introduce more objective and valid examination system to verify qualifications and capabilities of the students suitable for department of physical education which nurtures future PE teachers.

This study aims to investigate and analyze the differences in each background variable of high school students’ attitude toward and satisfaction with PE classes in block-time system, a method of class form by 2009 Revised Curriculum and to seek for a plan

This research was designed to illuminate that the participation of students in physical education classes have the positive impact on the mental aspects by analyzing how the participation attitude has influence on physical self-concept. The objects of thi

This study was to apply Hanaro model in the field and explores what changes teachers experience within series of coursework and daily life. Further, the purpose is to provide preliminary data to teachers who desire to gain a changed life and teaching pers

The purpose of this study was to analyze the contents construction system of High School Physical Education Textbooks which were newly revised by changes in the renewed 7th Physical Education Curriculum. In order to accomplish such a purpose, this study c

This research is focused on the actual condition of student athletes' school life in high and middle school. It will study and analyze the school life condition of soccer players in middle and high school, after the "Weekend-only League" system was implem

There could be a number of reasons to revise curriculum in a nation but the common element that the standards consider may be ‘students’. In other words, curriculums are revised to make it good for all the students. Teachers are the ones who make direct i

This study was attempted to establish the positive effects placed on peer groups and improvements of group cohesion by composing social groups in physical education of elementary school education. By determining the possibilities for physical education co

The study was conducted to provide fundamental materials to establish strategy activating screen g olf as leisure sport and induce continuous golf participation of screen golf participants by defining rel ations between the participants’ motivation and en

The present study intended to provide empirical information for improving athletes’ performance level in tennis by figuring out how prolific a set of serve routine practice was to first-serve success rate and serve accuracy. For this study, five male juni

The purpose of this study is to analyze and investigate what types of campus lives are experienced by preliminary physical education teachers and how they are changed in their campus lives. For this purpose, their campus lives are analyzed by using the qu

This research paper aims at inquiring how the swimming class applied with peer teaching model changes the middle school students' exercise skills, attitudes, and interests about physical studying and investigating the learning effect of physical studying

The purpose of the study was to review consulting methods to improve physical education classes based on theories and previous literature. It was performed in three areas. First, the backgrounds why the consulting has been introduced to the classes, the c

The main purpose of this research is to improve evaluation of physical and psychomotor domain in physical education and provide fundamental data when it comes to developing and distributing new assessment toolkits of that in physical education through the

수치파동수조에서 안정적인 지진해일을 조파하기 위하여 2차원 수치모델(LES-WASS-2D)에 다양한 파형의 지진해일을 고려할 수 있는 무반사 조파시스템을 도입하였다. 기존 실험에서 측정한 호안주변의 지진해일의 시․공간 파형들과 비교하여 수치계산결과가 높은 정확도를 나타내었다. 이로써 본 연구에서 적용한 수치모델이 지진해일 월파모의에 있어서 적합하다는 것을 보여주었다. 지진해일 월파모의결과로부터 지진해일 체적비와 파고와 수심비에 따른 월퍄량, 침수거리를 고찰하였다. 지진해일의 파형이 넓을수록 월파량이 선형적으로 증가하였으며, 침수거리 또한 증가하였다. 그러므로 고립파 근사이론을 지진해일의 월파 및 침수모의에 적용할 경우, 실제 지진해일보다 수리특성이 과소평가 될 우려가 크다.

이 연구는 중학교 체육수업에서 경험하는 학생들의 즐거움 요인 및 즐거움 저해요인을 분석 하였다. 남녀 중학생 840명이 즐거움 요인과 저해요인을 묻는 개방형 설문지에 응답하였으며, 여기에서 얻은 1,178개의 즐거움 요인과 1,145개의 저해 요인의 원자료는 3단계 범주분석을 활 용하여 귀납적 내용분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 즐거움 요인으로는 신체 활동, 과제 학습, 긍 정적 정서, 사회적 상호작용의 4가지 범주가 확인되었고, 즐거움 저해요인은 비선호 과제, 유능 감 부족, 열악한 수업환경, 부정적 상호작용, 참여 제한의 5가지 범주가 확인되었다. 성별에 따 른 즐거움 요인은 ‘학습 경험’ 영역에서 다소 차이를 보였다. 남학생은 체육 활동 그 자체에 흥 미를 느끼는 반면에 여학생은 체육 활동 그 자체뿐만 아니라 과제를 학습하는 과정에서 상대 적으로 많은 즐거움을 느끼고 있었다. 즐거움 저해 요인에서는 여학생이 남학생에 비하여 상대 적으로 ‘운동 기량 부족’과 ‘ 위생 및 환경’ 요인에서 많은 반응을 보였다. 이와 같은 연구 결과 를 바탕으로, 체육교사는 학생 개개인이 선호하는 활동에 참여할 수 있도록 과제 선택의 폭을 넓혀주고 기량이 부족한 학생이나 여학생들을 위한 세심한 배려가 요구된다.

오디 당침출액(MSE)의 산화적 스트레스 개선 효과를 확인하기 위하여 HepG2 세포에 H2O2로 산화적 스트레스를 유도시킨 다음, MSE의 보호효과를 확인하였다. MSE를 40 일간 저장하여 DPPH radical scavensing을 통해 DPPH radical 소거능이 유의적으로 좋았던 저장 40일용 MSE를 선택하여 세포 실험에 적용하였다. HepG2 세포에 500 μM H2O2를 처리하여 산화적 스트레스를 유발시키고, MSE를 처리하여 세포 생존율을 확인한 결과, MSE 처리로 인한 세포 생존율이 유의적으로 증가하였고, ROS 생성과 과산 화물에 대한 지표로 측정된 MDA 농도도 MSE 처리로 인해 효과적으로 억제되었다. 또한, H2O2 처리로 감소된 SOD 및 CAT 활성이 MSE 처리로 인해 유의적으로 높아졌으며, H2O2를 처리로 인한 세포핵의 apoptosis body가 MSE 처리 로 인해 감소함을 확인하였으며, 이는 caspase-3 활성 MSE 가 억제시킴으로 인해 세포를 보호하고 있음을 확인하였 다. 이상의 결과로부터 오디 당침출액은 산화적 스트레스 로부터 야기되는 세포독성과 apoptosis로부터 세포 보호 효과를 확인함에 따라 향후 노화와 관련된 다양한 연구 소재의 기초 자료 및 질병 예방 소재로의 가능성을 확인하 였다.

이 연구는 체육과 TGT 협동학습이 중학생의 정의적 영역 발달에 미치는 영향을 분석하여, 체육수업에 대한 긍정적인 태도 형성 및 정의적 목표 성취를 위한 체육 교수학습 방법을 모색하는 데 목적이 있다. 이러한 연구 목적을 달성하기 위하여 Y시 중학교 2학년 3개 반을 대상으로 TGT 협동학습(15차시)을 적용하여 티볼 수업을 하였다. 반면에 3개 반은 전통적 수업을 적용하여 티볼 수업을 하였다. 이처럼 체육수업에 참여한 중학교 207명을 대상으로 체육수업태도, 자아효능감, 사회성 등 정의적 영역 발달에 대한 설문지를 통해 조사하고 SPSS(version 12.0) 프로그램을 이용한 대응표본 t검정(Paired sample t-test)을 하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 중학생의 체육수업에 대한 태도는 전통적인 수업을 적용한 통제집단보다 TGT 협동학습 수업을 적용한 실험집단에서 더 많은 평균 차이를 보였다. 둘째, 중학생의 사회성은 전통적인 수업을 적용한 통제집단보다 TGT 협동학습 수업을 적용한 실험집단이 더 많은 평균의 차이를 나타냈지만, 사회성의 하위 요인 중에서 여학생의 협동성에는 유의한 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 셋째, 중학생의 자아효능감은 전통적인 수업을 적용한 통제집단에 비해 TGT 협동학습을 적용한 실험집단이 더 많은 평균의 차이가 나타났다.