본 연구는 전문가 기반형 모델(Habitat Suitability Index)의 한계로 지적되는 주관적 기준, 통계분석의 부재 등과 통계기반형 모델(MaxEnt)의 한계로 지적되는 현장검증, 전문가 의견 반영 등의 극복을 위하여 각각의 모델을 개발하여 통합하는 방식으로 핵심서식지를 도출하였다. 핵심서식지 발굴을 위해 문헌분석 및 공간분석자료를 바탕으로 전문가 심층면담을 진행하였고, 전문가 자문과 GIS 도면 구축 가능성을 고려하여 모델을 개발하였다. 주요 환경변수는 식생대, 임상, 임분밀도, 연평균 강수량, 유효토심으로 선정되었다. 그 결과 현재 나도승마가 분포하고 있는 16지점 중 15지점이 핵심서식지로 나타났으며, 개발된 모델은 약 93.75%의 높은 정확도를 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 전체 연구대상지의 약 27.8%가 핵심서식지로 나타남에 따라, 추후 서식변수 및 공간자료 정밀화를 통한 모델의 고도화가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 높은 등급으로 확인된 서식지라도 대상종의 서식유무 파악을 위한 현장검증은 필수적으로 수행되어야 한다. 하지만, 이러한 한계에도 불구하고 HSI와 MaxEnt의 상호보완적 활용은 생물종의 분포와 서식지 이용 특성을 통하여 적합 서식지를 예측하고, 신규 서식지 발굴 및 대체서식지 선정 등 다양한 방면으로 활용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

본 논문은 김환기 현대문인화의 ‘소박미’를 고찰한 것이다. 요 즘처럼 황금만능주의 시대에 ‘소박’이라는 주제는 왠지 사회적 요 구와 동떨어져 보일 수도 있다. 그러나 우리는 지금 물질문명에 취해 정신없이 달려온 인간 문명을 반성하지 않으면 안 될 정도로 심각한 위기에 처해 있다. 이처럼 오늘날 인류에게 닥친 위기를 극복하기 위해서는 자연에 대한 인간의 근본적 태도가 변하지 않으면 안 된다. 이것이 오늘날 미학으로서의 ‘소박’이 우리에게 절실하게 요청되는 이유이자 본 논문의 목적이다. 일상에서 흔히 사용하는 ‘소박하다’라는 말은 사치스럽거나 과하 지 않고 ‘검소하다’는 의미이다. 그러나 미학적으로 ‘소박’의 의 미는 그보다 훨씬 심오한 자연에 대한 사유를 담고 있다. 이러 한 의미를 제대로 이해하고 실천할 수 있다면, 우리의 결정적 과 오가 무엇인지를 찾아내고, 이를 어떻게 보완하고 극복해야 할지 를 가늠하게 될 것이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 한국의 ‘소박미’에 대한 내용을 살펴보 고, 이를 바탕으로 한국 현대문인화에 나타난 소박미에 대하여 논술하였다. 문인화는 작가가 마음을 비우고 자연과 물아교융 하는 순간적인 기의 흐름을 통하여 자연의 본질을 포착하고자 했다는 점에서 한국의 소박미를 대표하는 장르로 볼 수 있다. 이에 한국의 소박미가 한국 현대문인화에 어떻게 계승되고 있 는지를 살펴보기 위해서 김환기의 작품을 분석하였다. 이를 통해 한국 특유의 소박미가 현대 미술에서도 여전히 경쟁력을 가질 수 있음을 확인할 수 있을 것이다.

본 연구는 신품종으로 등록된 길뚝사초 ‘설맥’의 형태적 특성을 구명하고자 하였다. 조사방법은 양적특성과 질적 및 유사질적 특성으로 구분하여 재배시험을 실시하였으며, 양적특성은 독립표본 t-검증(Independent sample t-test)을 이용하여 분석하였다. 질적 및 유사질적 특성은 국제 식물 신품종 보호연맹(UPOV : International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants)에서 발행한 지침(TGP 8/1 PARTⅡ : 8)을 참고하여 균일성을 확인하였다. 그 결과 총 28개의 특성 중 10개의 특성에서 구별성이 있었으며, 8개의 특성에서 균일성과 안정성을 확인하였다. 양적 특성 결과는 일반종보다 엽신의 수와 크기 등 영양기관 부위에서는 작았고, 화경 소수의 수, 소수화수 암꽃 수 와 같은 생식기관에서는 많았다. 질적 특성은 잎 가장자리 세로의 노란 무늬가 명확하였다. 길뚝사초 ‘설맥’은 형태적으로 일반종과 다른 새로운 품종임을 확인하였으며, 왜성의 노란색 세로 무늬종으로서 조경의 관상용으로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

PURPOSES : This study aims to examine actual cases of providing detour information in accidental situations such as traffic accidents and road construction through a VMS installed on national highways in metropolitan areas with alternative routes, as well as cases of simultaneously providing travel time information on parallel paths such as national and regular highways. For each case, we analyzed whether the provision of VMS traffic information leads to route changes and substantial effects. METHODS : To analyze traffic changes on the main and detour roads based on the detour information provided on traffic accidents in actual cases, the traffic volume and speed on the accident day were compared with those on the same days and at the same time of the day (regular days) based on the VDS data of the main and detour roads. Cases providing more detour information on road construction were investigated by examining three time periods: one week from construction initiation and one week before and after the construction period (regular days). The traffic volume and speed on the main road were compared based on the VDS data, and those on the detour road were compared based on data made available by private entities. Regarding the cases of simultaneously providing drivers with comparative information on travel time over parallel sections of national and regular highways, traffic situation changes in highways were analyzed in the following special traffic control periods (New Year's Day, NY Day), during which congestion is expected due to heavy traffic: before and after the provision of comparative information for 2015 New Year's Day and 2016 NY Day. RESULTS : The detour rate related to route changes based on the detour information for traffic accidents was 35%. On the detour route, the traffic volume increases as traffic from the main road is absorbed. However, the average travel speeds did not differ significantly. When further detour information regarding a road construction project was provided, the detour rate from the main road was 21%. The travel speeds were similar, except on the first day of construction. Almost no changes were observed in the first section of the detour. The speed slightly decreased in the second section but did not significantly hinder the traffic flow. When comparative traffic time information on parallel routes (national highways and expressways) was provided, the traffic volume increased to some extent after the report was provided for every case. However, the data frequency rate in the 5-min unit, which was still under the congestion speed standard (40 km/h), decreased. This indicates that traffic congestion was significantly relieved. CONCLUSIONS : Previous studies on detour rates or route changes based on VMS traffic information have focused on VMS instruments on expressways. Although their estimates were based on simulated situations, this study used actual VMS installed on national highways. In addition, this study utilizes the existing case records of national highway ITS centers, covering traffic situation monitoring, measures for accidental situations, etc., in regular times or special traffic control periods, as well as statistical data, including ITS real-time traffic information. The analysis results of this study accurately represent situations on actual roads and can be utilized to analyze future ITS operation and installation project effects.

Based on conceptual metaphor theory and speech act, this study aims to examine the communicative functions of language use by analyzing texts used in Seoul’s urban design. Considering that life in a modern society is based on the ecosystem of its cities, the importance of urban design in increasingly felt by modern individuals who share limited space and move along predetermined routes. According to El-Khoury and Robbins (2004), urban design is both an abstract and relative concept, and the purpose of a city can be interpreted differently according to differences in experience and perspective. Conceptual metaphorical language expressions not only have a communicative function but also provide the hearer with a certain perspective by concretizing the events or phenomena indicated by the speaker. Metaphorical language expressions based on metaphors created by the speaker perform speech acts by serving as an effective means of persuasion and communication (Searle 1979). We examine the linguistic aspects based on the metaphor of the development of illocutionary forces in Seoul’s urban design texts.

Cnidium officinale M. is an important crop that is widely used as a raw material for health functional foods. However, it is experiencing cultivation difficulties due to climate change and abnormally high temperatures. In response to this problem, the characteristics and main causes of the high-temperature damage occurring in C. officinale M. cultivation fields were analyzed. A survey of five farmhouse fields in Jecheon and Bonghwa, major C. officinale M. cultivation areas in Korea in 2018, indicated that about 5% to 37% of the cultivation fields in Jecheon and 5% to 15% of the fields in Bonghwa died from wilting. The high-temperature damage of the C. officinale M. fields is divided into two categories: upper leaves drying due to solar radiation and temperature, and lower leaves dying serially to the radiant heat of the vinyl mulch. Damage caused by radiant heat was typically greater. This is due to the greenhouse effect that occurs in the small space between the black vinyl mulching and the soil. The heat radiated to the surface of the ridge creating an environmental condition that greatly exceeded the atmospheric temperature especially on hot days. As a result, short plants with underground parts, such as C. officinale M., can suffer more high-temperature damage than other plants, so it is considered that it is necessary to develop related technologies such as mulching materials that can reduce pavement temperature in the future.

본 연구는 동백나무 종자에 함유된 생리활성물질인 camelliaside B의 표준정량화를 위해 고성능 액체 크로마토그래피 (HPLC-DAD) 분석법을 확립하고자 실시하였다. 동백나무 종자에 함유된 주요화합물은 MS/MS 분석, UV 흡광도, 화합물의 유지시간 등을 통해 얻은 결과에 바탕을 두어 camelliaside B를 동백나무 종자 추출물의 지표물질로 선정하였다. Camelliaside B의 HPLC 분석법에 대한 특이성, 정확성, 정밀도 및 정량한계 등을 검증하였다. Camelliaside B 분석을 위해 표준화된 HPLC 분석법은 0.99% 이상의 상관계수(R2)로 높은 선형성을 가지는 것을 보여주었다. Camelliaside B의 회수율은 100.42-108.00%였으며, 검출한계 (LOD)와 정량한계 (LOQ)는 각각 0.084㎍/㎖, 0.254㎍/㎖였다. 동백나 무 종자 지표물질 (camelliaside B)의 일중 정밀도는 각각 0.09-0.16 RSD였으며, 일간정밀도는 0.123 RSD였다. 표준화된 분석법으로 지역별로 수집한 동백나무 종자의 camelliaside B의 함량은 0.279-2.05㎎/g 으로 다양하였다. HPLC 분석법으로 확인한 모든 매개변수는 기능성 원료 인정을 위한 제출자료 작성 기준을 충족하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 확립한 HPLC 분석법은 동백나무 종자 추출물 유래 건강 관련 기능성 제품 또는 의약품 개발의 첫 단계를 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study was to select recurring congested sections through an objective and reasonable method using intelligent transportation system (ITS) collection data as the first phase for controlling recurring congested sections. The selection is meant to enhance the utilization of national highway ITS collection data that are just managed as statistical data focusing on real-time traffic information or not satisfactorily used. METHODS : Hourly statistical data were obtained using travel speed with a 5-min frequency per information-providing section stored in the database server. The travel speed data were collected from field equipment in general national highway sections (793.8 km in 380 sections of 16 lines in 2017) in the Seoul Metropolitan Area through a literature review of congestion standards. Subsequently, the congested sections were drawn by dividing a month into weekdays and weekends, and the status of the monthly change and characteristics of the congested sections were analyzed. Based on the monthly data on the congested sections, monthly mean congested days and hours were calculated to select the significant recurring congested sections in 2017 and applied to the congestion frequency standard. RESULTS : Recurring congested sections occurred in seven sections (33.9 km) in three lines — in five sections (24.8 km) of two lines during the weekdays and in two sections (9.1 km) of one line during the weekends. The recurring congested sections selected based on the congested days and the recurring congested sections selected based on the congested hours were found to be the same. The recurring congested sections during the weekdays and weekends were not mutually duplicated and were divided. More congestion occurred during the weekdays than on weekends. CONCLUSIONS : In the seven sections selected as recurring congested sections, congestion occurred for more than six months during one year, indicating that congestion is concentrated in specific months, albeit continuously and repeatedly occurring over the long term. The recurring congestion section selection standard and method used in this study are considered to be objective and reasonable. If recurring congested sections are selected using the standard and method presented in this study using ITS collection data targeting general national highways nationwide in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, it is necessary to determine whether the standard and method reflect actual congestion situations satisfactorily. According to the result, a further study considering congestion speed and congestion frequency standards is needed.

PURPOSES : In this study, a Design Support Automatic Program for NATM (new Austrian tunneling method) tunnels based on BIM that can generate shape information including property information via the development of BIM libraries and the construction of a library design support automatic program is developed. METHODS : In this study, the abovementioned program is developed as an add-in Revit program. AutoDesk's program has the highest utilization rate, and it allows support tools to be added easily. Construction information classification based on WBS(Work Breakdown Structure) is developed. Subsequently, library construction and program development algorithms are developed. RESULTS : The automatic program constructs a library that reflects geometric characteristics through the construction of a library automatic module as well as generates three0-dimensional (3D) shape information by mapping between the constructed library and 3D informal alignment. The proposed program can automatically assemble a constructed library through the development of an algorithm for generating sequences of 3D shape information and automatically place models on a 3D terrain. CONCLUSIONS : The proposed automatic program can be designed and changed easily. It is expected to contribute to improvements in the speed of 3D NATM tunnel modeling and the efficiency of NATM tunnel design.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the forest healing instructor's experiences of providing a forest healing program. Methods: The participants were 12 forest healing instructors who experienced managing a forest healing program at B mountain in C city. Data were collected using focus group interviews and individual in depth interviews and data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis method. Results: As the results of this study, 5 themes and 18 sub-themes were derived. The derived 5 themes were as follows; 1. Choosing a new path as a turning point in life 2. Ambiguity as a new forest healing instructor, 3. Feeling a reward as a forest healing instructor and feeling self-healing. 4. Facing difficulties in operating forest healing programs, 5. Having on-going tasks for the establishment of forest healing programs. Conclusion: In order to provide good forest healing program, we need to develop additional education programs for enhancing professionality as a forest healing instructor and continous long term economical supports and investment for forest healing instructors by the Korea Forest Service.