A 41-year-old male patient complained of a whitish growing mass on the central area of palate. The exophytic keratinizing mass was recently grown and showed rough surface localized at palatal mucosa. He has heavily smoked for more than 25 years. The lesion was clearly demarcated as an out-growing verrucous whitish epithelial lesion with erosive mucosa in the periphery and also continuous with the extensive hyperkeratosis in whole hard palatal mucosa. In the histological examination there appeared a plaque type verrucous hyperplasia in the absence of papillomatous growth. In the series of immunostains including PCNA, p53, β-catenin, APC, E-cadherin, BCL-2, MMP-1 and MMP-3 showed no features of infiltrative growth and malignant transformation. Therefore, the present case was diagnosed oral verrucous hyperplasia(OVH) different from squamous cell papilloma, verrucous leukoplakia, verrucous carcinoma, and oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Myositis ossificans traumatica(MOT) in head and neck area is a rare non-neoplastic, heterotopic bone formation within a muscle, arising after trauma or surgery. Although the several case reports have described the occurrence of MOT in other muscles of oro-facial musculature, MOT has never been reported in mentalis muscle. We demonstrate a case of MOT occurred in mentalis muscle of a 64 years old male. He recently complained of a movable mass with no pain. He had experienced a hitting trauma on his right anterior mandible about 25 years ago. Since then, the trauma area has been asymptomatic. The lesion showed severe muscular degeneration, resulted in a pseudocystic change without epithelial lining. The ectopic ossification was closely associated with the fibrous fascia of adjacent muscles. The lesion contained a lot of basophilic materials admixed with atrophying cells, which were supposed to be derived from muscle parenchyma injured previously. It was presumed that the basophilic materials induced callus-like ossification in the fibro-muscular lesion, also recruited macrophages and fibroblasts. However, the ossification processes in MOT were predominantly characterized by dystrophic calcification without osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal cells. Even more, there appeared some skeletal muscle bundles which were calcified dystrophically. Therefore, we suggest the present case of MOT might be initiated by dystrophic calcification in the degenerating muscle tissue

15년 정도의 짧은 역사를 가지고 있는 중온 아스팔트 포장은 국내·외적으로 현재 가장 관심대상이 되는 에너지 절약과 환경보호를 추구하는 도로건설분야의 그린기술이다. 본 연구는 이러한 중온 아스팔트의 물성평가를 아스팔트 덩어리 전체 거동으로 고려한 기존 침입도, 점도, 그리고 수퍼페이브에 의한 아스팔트 시험방식으로부터 벗어나 아스팔트 피막두께에 따른 물성평가로 시각을 바꾸어 새로운 프로토콜을 제시하고 결과분석에 따른 새로운 평가기준제안을 하는 것이 목적이다. 이를 위해 기존에 개발한 DSR Moisture Damage의 실험 및 분석의 기본틀을 ARES장비를 통해 각 피막두께별 물성을 측정하고 분석하였다. 분석결과를 통해 200μm와 400μm 사이에 물성의 급격한 변화를 볼 수 있는 한계피막두께가 존재하고 또한 가열아스팔트와 중온아스팔트가 가지고 있는 한계피막두께근처에서 발생하는 물성의 급격한 변화가 서로 다르다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이런 결과를 통해 기존 가열 아스팔트와 성질이 다른 중온 아스팔트를 제대로 평가하기 위해서는 200μm와 400μm 사이 피막두께의 물성평가를 고려해야한다는 것을 제안한다.

본 연구는 프리스트레스 접속슬래브(PTAS: Post-Tensioned Approach Slab)가 환경하중을 받아 컬링할 때의 거동을 수치해석을 통해 적절히 분석하기 위하여 수행되었다. PTAS의 한쪽 단부가 교대에 힌지로 연결되는 부분을 해석 모형에 적합하게 포함시킬 수 있는 방법을 마련하였으며, 접속슬래브의 헌치 부분을 삭제한 단순 형상의 접속슬래브 모델의 사용성도 분석하였다. 개발한 모델을 이용하여 교대 뒤채움부 침하에 의한 접속슬래브의 컬링 응력 특성을 분석하였다. 연구 결과, PTAS의 단순화 힌지를 포함한 단순 형상 모델은 실제 형상 모델의 최대인장응력을 산출하기에 적합한 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 컬업시에는 하부지반 침하가 없는 PTAS에서 최대인장응력이 도출되었으며, 컬다운 시에는 하부지반 침하가 진행된 PTAS에서 최대인장응력이 발생하므로 이러한 컬링 응력을 고려하여 설계를 수행하는 것이 적절할 것으로 분석되었다.

Glutamate-induced oxidative injury contributes to neuronal degeneration in many central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy and ischemia. Inducible heme oxygenase (HO)-1 acts against oxidants that are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. The EtOH extracts of Viola mandshurica (NNMBS274), Viola patrinii (NNMBS275) and Viola papilionacea Pursh (NNMBS276), origin plants of Violae Herba, showed the potent neuroprotective effects on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Among them, NNMBS275, the extract of V. patrinii possessed the protective effects against glutamate toxicity by inducing the expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in the mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. These results suggest that extracts of V. patrinii could be the effective candidates for the treatment of ROS-related neurological diseases. Furthermore, it is suggested that the protective effects of V. patrinii extract due to inducing the expression of HO-1 asAs the exfoliated keratinocytes (EKs) in oral mucosa are aging and degenerating cells, of which cytoplasms are almost replaced by cross-linked keratin materials. Consequently, the EKs become apoptotic with nuclear lysis. A question is arisen what is the biological role of these EKs in oral cavity? Are they simply degrading as aging keratinocytes or do they have some essential function still remained in the exfoliated status? The buccal smear samples from ten healthy adult subjects were observed under scanning electron microscope. On the outer surface of the EKs the features of bacterial adhesion were explored. The microorganisms attached on the surface of EKs were much deformed, shrunken and teared. Only a few microorganisms were found on the EK surface, aggregated focally. The attached microorganisms were gradually fused on the cell membrane of EKs, and subsequently endocytosed. Resultantly, many round endocytotic concave cavities similar size to the cocci were remained on the surface of EKs similar to the sequels of caveolae endocytosis. These data indicate that the degenerating EKs can actively engulf microorganisms attached on their cell surface via the processes of caveolae endocytosis. Therefore, it is presumed that the oral EKs still play a role for endocytotic scavenging of oral microorganisms using the denatured cell bodies themselves, which become highly adherent to oral microorganisms and still function for caveolae endocytosis in mixed saliva environment. an antioxidant/cytoprotective target

Human pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 (PTTG1), which is a newly identified proto-oncogene, is highly expressed in normal pituitary tissues containing proliferating cells and in several cancers. Also, PTTG1 has been known as a securin to involve in the regulation of c ell-cycle and in t he p rogression o f tumor. B u t the effect o f PTTG1 in o ral squamous cell carcinoma (oral SCC) h as not b een studied yet. The objective of this study is to analyze the expression of PTTG1 in oral SCC cell lines (YD-10B and YD-15) and to evaluate the effect of PTTG1 on oral SCC cell lines for the migration effect by PTTG1 siRNA treatment. Western blot, migration assay, and zymography were performed to evaluate the effects of PTTG1 on the expression of MMP-2/-9 and migration activity after PTTG1 siRNA treatment. PTTG1 was expressed in oral SCC cells lines, otherwise, significantly decreased after PTTG1 siRNA treatment. There is no difference in expression of MMP-2 regardless of PTTG1 siRNA treatment. However, the enzyme activity of MMP-9 was significantly decreased. In addition, the migration activities of oral SCC cells were significantly decreased after PTTG1 siRNA treatment (p<0.001). These results suggested that the down-regulated PTTG1 could inhibit the migration of human oral SCC cells through the low MMP-9 expressions. Therefore, these findings provide a useful guideline for the migration mechanism of oral SCC depend on PTTG1 expression.

본 연구는 도심지 버스전용차로의 교차로 구간 아스팔트 포장을 프리캐스트 패널을 이용하여 강성 포장으로 교체하는 조립식 포장 시공을 수행한 후 이러한 포장의 초기 거동 및 공용성을 분석하기 위해 수행되었다. 조사 항목으로는 차량 진출입 구간에서 아스팔트 포장과 프리캐스트 패널과의 단차, 프리캐스트 패널간의 단차 및 줄눈 간격, 프리캐스트 패널의 침하, 패널 표면의 미끄럼저항 성능등을 선정하였다. 시공 후 일정시간이 지난 후에 다이아몬드 그라인딩 공법을 적용하여 이의 효과도 분석하였다. 추적조사 결과 시간이 경과함에 따라 프리캐스트 패널의 단차, 줄눈 간격, 침하, 미끄럼저항 등은 거의 변화가 없었으며, 이로 인해 프리캐스트 패널이 안정되게 하중을 지지하고 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 다이아몬드 그라인딩 공법의 적용은 프리캐스트 패널의 단차 감소를 가져오는 것으로 확인되었다.

The present case occurred in the cervical area of 51 years old male, who was generally healthy but recently complained of cervical swelling with mild pain. The tumor recently grew rapidly for 5 months. He was referred from local hospital in the diagnosis of metastatic tumor in cervical lymph. In the biopsy procedure, the tumor mass was ill-defined and not associated with cervical lymph node. The microsection showed a highly proliferative fibrous tissue infiltrative growth into the periphery. The spindle tumor cells were stained red in Masson trichrome stain, and strongly positive for PCNA and β-catenine, and partly positive for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), but negative for S-100 and desmin. The differential diagnosis in primary biopsy examination was made as leiomyosarcoma, malignant schwannoma, and mesenchymal sarcoma. Under the diagnosis of sarcoma the patient was operated for tumor resection including cervical lymph nodes. The tumor mass was tightly attached on the lower border of left mandibular body. After the surgical operation the tumor tissue was more investigated with further immunohistochemical stainings, and discussed with several pathologists in Gangneung area. Finally the tumor was turned out to be a nodular fasciitis with pseudosarcomatous proliferation, and also confirmed that the pseudosarcomatous spindle cells belonged to the myofibroblasts originated from the fibrovascular fascial tissue. The present study demonstrated a rare case of nodular fasciitis, which should be differentially diagnosed from the malignant head and neck tumors.

A 37 years old male patient had suffered from fibrous nasal polyp for more than 10 years even though careful medical treatment, and recently aggravated with severe nasal stiffness and pain. In the radiological observation the lesion was continuously extended into the ipsilateral maxillary sinus by poly cystic radiopacities gradually destroying the anterior wall of antrum. During the Caldwell-Luc operation a cystic fibrous granulomatous tissue was removed, and its microsections showed multicystic and tunnel-like spaces, of which lumens were usually round and filled with parts of parasitic worm e xhibiting parasitic t eguments and eggs. The granulomatous l esion showed relatively mild inflammatory reaction with the infiltration of eosinophilic PMNs. The histological features of tunnel-like penetration of parasitic worms, and their teguments and eggs were competent with the diagnosis of sparganosis. Especially, although the patient had no experience of raw foods such as frog or snake, he used to drink the untreated natural stream water obtained in the mountain area of Gangwon prefecture in Korea. Therefore, the present study demonstrated a rare lesion of antral spanganosis, and we suppose that the frequent incident of oral sparganosis in Gangwon prefecture is possibly related to the usage of untreated stream water in the mountain area of Gangwon prefecture in Korea

In the previous molecular cloning study from human salivary gland cDNA l ibrary a novel clone (C77-091) was known as a candidate gene for antimicrobial protein by GenBank database search and RNA in situ hybridization. This study is aimed to identify the molecular characteristics of C77-091 protein, which showed an antimicrobial activity on E.coli, thereby named as salivary antimicrobial protein (SAMP). SAMP consisted of a typical hydrophobic amino acid rich domain in the N-terminus, a cluster of basic amino acids, carbohydrate attachment site, a possible transglutaminase catalyzed cross-linking site, and multiple consensus sequences of phosphorylation site in the C-terminus. Western blot analysis of human organs and tissue with the monospecific antibody to the synthetic SAMP peptide showed strong interacting protein from the extracts from submandibular gland and parotid saliva but absent in the mixed saliva, and the immunohistochemical staining detected a strong positive regions in the secretory granules in the luminal cytoplasm of interlobular ductal cells of salivary gland. The SAMP was also distributed in the human sebaceous gland and prostate. These data suggest that C77-091 named SAMP gene is a novel antimicrobial protein in human salivary gland, which may play a role for the innate immunity by protecting and stabilizing the mucosal epithelium to maintain homeostasis of oral mucosa.

In order to unravel unidentified genes from human salivary gland, a cDNA library of human submandibular gland was constructed in the Uni‐ZAP XR vector by use of mRNA from human submandibular gland and ZAP‐cDNA® Gigapack® III Gold Cloning Kit. cDNA of salivary gland was subtracted with cDNA of immortalized human keratinocyte cell line, Rhim Human Epithelial Keratinocyte cell line. The phage cDNA library was converted into a pBluescript phagemid cDNA library, which was subsequently plated on LB plates with ampicillin, IPTG, and X‐gal, and white colonies were selected for sequencing. Among 200 clones analyzed, four clones containing C77‐091, C75‐014, C76‐022, and C76‐012 designated orphan genes that are intensely expressed in the interlobular ductal and serous acinar cells of human submandibular gland. Particularly C77‐091 gene expresses 46 amino acids peptide (pI=9.45). C75‐014 and C76‐022 genes were characterized as those expressing excretory basic proteins primarily consist of alanine, proline, and leucine residues, mimicking a basic proline‐rich protein (bPRP) showing helical structures and having multiple consensus sequences of phosphorylation sites. The strong expression of C76‐012 mRNA in the nuclei of salivary ductal and acinar cells suggests a role of C76‐012 gene as a DNA binding RNA/protein. These data suggest that the identification of four orphan genes from the human salivary glands may add further understanding of greater role of salivary proteins providing innate immunity by protecting and stabilizing the mucosal epithelium in the maintaining homeostasis of oral mucosa.