It is very important for the competitiveness and sustainable management of enterprises that the rapid changes in the managerial environments quickly and accurately are responded. For example, the large-scale investment accompanied by bad alternatives in accordance with misunderstanding of the managerial environments yields the huge cost and effort to modify and improve. In firm management, the quality of products and the productivity are influenced by changes of the endogenous factors yielded in manufacturing process and the exogenous factors as market, etc. These changes include not only changes in 4M (man, machine, material, method) but also those in the market, competitors, and technologies in the process of commodification, i.e., first, such disturbances make dispersion of the process big and odd. By Shewhart chart it can be checked that the process monitored is control-in or out. Business administration executes activities for input stabilization by monitoring changes in 4Ms, comparing with the standards, and taking measures for any abnormality. Second, TRM (technology road map) is to prospect product deployment and technological trend by predicting technologies in the competitive environment as the market, and to suggest the future directions of business. So, TRM must be modified and improved according to DR (design review) stages and changes in mass-production like input material change. Therefore, a role of TRM in input stabilization for reducing cost and man-hour is important. This study purposed to suggest that the environment changes are classified into endogenous factors and exogenous factors in production process, and then, quality and productivity should be stabilized efficiently through connection between TRM and input stabilization, and to prove that it is more effective for the display industry to connect TRM with input stabilization rather than to use TRM separately.

Companies build the factory automation system to improve management effectiveness and productivity as prime strategies for sustainable growth. But most companies undergo various trials and errors while carrying out the project without elaborate preparation stage for factory automation. In this study, we tried to verify what factors are critical to effectively building distribution automation system, which is a branch of factory automation system. A consulting model for setting up a Material Handling Automation System by utilizing the Stage-Gate Process, which is product development process was studied. 29 material handling automation projects carried out between the year 1990 to 2013 at K-Company were selected. Interviews with the project managers, operators and maintenance personnels, various records and current status of the projects were used as data for structural equations based on the Milan consulting model and existing researches of factory automation, CIM for material handling automation. Creating effective basis of production, material handling system and energy saving system with expert review, when preparing a material handling automation project, help promote the project planning thus contributing to the performance of the resulting system, which appears though rather weakly in our data. Also the effect of material handling automation can be enhanced through sufficient and effective links to the relevant environments such as production logistics management and automated warehouses. More detailed planning characteristics of project promotion or some time-series data of effective Material Handling Automation System could enhace furthur studies. We propose a consulting model for setting up an efficient material handling automation system.

Until now, because a new product (or facility) launched in market has been retired from one year of age, we can have had ASL by stub-curve method by Iowa curve. Recently, many innovative products with important role in market like display and solar-cell etc. are more durable and, what are better, they have the constant variance in ASL because of their good quality. Of course, there are some ones like smart mobile phone with relatively big dispersion in ASL. Estimating ASL of products like display and solar-cell etc., the new approach is needed. In this paper a new method applied traditional Iowa curve with accelerated reliability test (indoor/outdoor) etc. is proposed.

Recently, the mineral resource protection policies and regulations in production countries of natural resources including rare metals are becoming more stringent. Such environment makes which market has malfunction. In other word, those are not perfect or pure market. Therefore because each market of natural resources have special or unique characters, it is difficult to forecast their market prices. In this study, we constructed several models to estimate prices of natural resources using statistical tools like ARIMA and their business indices. And for examples, Indium and Coal were introduced.

When the number of items of same type of industrial property is quite large, calculating depreciation for a group of such item may be more efficient than depreciating each item separately. Also, predicting the service life of a specific individual unit is very difficult to do with any degree of accuracy. Estimating the probable average service life (PASL) of many units (or dollars) is not an easy task; however, an average life of many units can probably be predicted with a much higher degree of accuracy than the life of some particular unit. Using the average of many units allows for some units having relatively short lives and some units having relatively long lives without specifying whether a particular unit will have a short or a long life. If the life of each vintage in an account are not estimated, then the broad group procedure can be used. The broad group procedure depreciates the several vintage in an account as a single group. The PASL for this procedure is the estimate of the average of lives of the individual dollars in the group. If the estimated PASL’s of the vintages are not the same, then a weighted average PASL would have to be calculated for each calendar year. In this paper, we illustrate the calculations of accrual rates and the annual depreciation charge for each of the calendar years by the broad group depreciation procedure.

Recently, the mineral resource protection policies and regulations in production countries of natural resources including rare metals are becoming more stringent. Such environment makes which market has malfunction. In other word, those are not perfect or pure market. Therefore because each market of natural resources have special or unique characters, it is difficult to forecast their market prices. In this study, we constructed several models to estimate prices of natural resources using ARIMA and their business indices. And for examples, Indium and Coal were introduced.

The development of mobile communication technology is transforming the market of mobile communication devices, which is used to be merely for simple communication, into the one which offers features of personal digital assistant (PDA), fax communica- tion and Internet access. Unlike a mobile phone which comes out as a complete package and whose functions cannot be changed, a smart phone can be upgraded by its user, adding or removing apps as he pleases. OS’s of smart phones are iOS-based Apple, Google Android, Window Mobile, and others. Due to its convenience and powerful features, many people use smart phones its high price. On the other hand, consumer complaints are rising on poor A/S for occasional malfunction. This study analyzes how A/S cases can be classified into groups according to quality factors. We evaluate factors such as consumer impression and consumer satisfaction. By dual quality evaluation using KANO method, we would like to show the different A/S strategy for smart phones, compared with mobile phones.

In recent years, anti-PID (Potential Induced Degradation) technologies have been studied and developed at various stages through- out the solar value chain from solar cells to systems in an effort to enhance long-term reliability of the photovoltaics (PV) system. Such technologies and applications must bring in profits economically for both manufacturers of solar cell/module and investors of PV systems, simultaneously for the development of the PV industry. In this study two selected anti-PID technologies, ES (modification of emitter structure) and ARC (modification of anti-reflective coating) were compared based on the economic features of both a cell maker with 60MW production capacity and an investor of 1MW PV power plant. As a result of this study, it is shown that ARC anti-PID technology can ensure more profits over ES technology for both the cell manufacturer and the investor of PV power plant.

In recent years, there has been developed anti-PID technologies(Potential Induced Degradation) in various levels from solar cell to module and to system to enhance of the long life reliability of photovoltaics(PV) system. Such technologies must economically ensure profits for both manufacturers of solar cells and investors of PV system simultaneously for PV industry development. This paper describes a comparison between and selection from two anti-PID technologies in the solar cell level, ES(modification of emitter structure) and ARC(modification of anti-reflective coating) based on the economic features of anti-PID solar cell production system with 60MW capacity for a solar cell maker and a 1MW PV power plant installed with PV modules using anti-PID solar cells. From the comparison between ES and ARC, it is shown that ARC anti-PID technology can make more profit for both a solar cell maker and a PV power plant investor.

As the competition is globalized, companies are building the Factory automation system for increment of management effectiveness and growth of productivity as one of strategies for sustainable growth. But most of companies undergoes various trials and errors due to carrying forward without elaborate preparation of factory automation. To reduce these trials and errors, there must be a project team consist of clears project basic and experts. otherwise to consult a expert is a way to reduce trials and errors. In this study, I tried to verify what factors affect to effective building distribution automation system which is a branch of factory automation system and studied consulting model for building Material Handling Automation System utilizing Stage Gate Process which is product development process. This paper summarizes master's thesis.

Several different depreciation systems may be used for group depreciation. The vintage group procedure treats the same type of property placed in service during the same year as a distinct group for depreciation purposes; therefore an estimate of the probable average service life and net salvage ratio(s) of each individual vintage is necessary. The vintage group procedure calculates an accrual rate for each vintage and the accrual rate for an account for specific calendar year is the weighted average vintage accrual rate for that calendar year. A further refinement would be to divide each vintage into groups such that all of the dollars in a group have the same estimated life-an equal life group (ELG). Then each ELG is depreciated over its estimated life. The effect is to recover each dollar over the estimated number of years it is in service. Each vintage is divided into several equal life groups (ELGs) such that all the property in a specific ELG has the same estimated life. The accrual rate for each ELG is based on the estimated life of that ELG. The vintage accrual rate for a specific year is the weighted average ELG accrual rate for that calendar year. In this paper, we illustrate the calculations of vintage accrual rates for each of the calendar years by the ELG depreciation systems.

When monitoring an instrumental process, one often collects a host of data such as characteristic signals sent by a sensor in short time intervals. Characteristic data of short time intervals tend to be autocorrelated. In the instrumental processes often the practice of adjusting the setting value simply based on the previous one, so-called ‘adjacent point operation’, becomes more critical, since in the short run the deviations are harder to detect and in the long run they have amplified consequences. Stochastic modelling using ARIMA or AR models are not readily usable here. Due to the difficulty of dealing with autocorrelated data conventional practice is resorting to choosing the time interval where autocorrelation is weak enough then to using I-MR control chart to judge the process stability. In the autocorrelated instrumental processes it appears that using the Shewhart chart and the time interval data where autocorrelation is relatively not existent turns out to be a rather convenient and very useful practice to determine the process stability. However in the autocorrelated instrumental processes we intend to show that one would presumably do better using the EWMA control chart rather than just using the Shewhart chart along with some arbitrarily intervalled data, since the former is more sensitive to shifts given appropriate weights.

When the number of items of same type of industrial property is quite large, calculating depreciation for a group of such items may be more efficient than depreciating each item separately. Several different depreciation systems may be used for group depr

Solar-cell Wafer 제조 공정에서는 각 공정 별로 품질 특성과 운전 조건을 측정하고 있다. 하지만 개별 이력추적이 되고 있지 않아 Input 정규성에 대한 부문이나, 선공정과 후공정 사이의 인과성, 공정 흐름에 따른 영향 파악이 힘든 실정이다. 공정 분석과 개선을 위해서는 특성치의 측정뿐만 아니라 공정 추적성의 확보가 필요하다. 99% 이상의 양품율을 유지하고 있는 공정이라도 인과성 확립 체계가 구축되어 있지 않다면 통계 분석 등을 이용한 공정 관리나 개선이 불가능하다. Marking System 구축으로 공정 추적성이 확보된다면 인과 분석 등 통계 분석을 활용한 공정 관리 및 개선으로 등급의 상향과 고효율, 고출력 제품 양산이 가능하며 보다 더 진보된 공정 관리 능력을 가질 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Edge Isolation 공정을 중심으로 Laser Marking Machine를 이용하여 사이클타임의 손실 없이 각 Wafer의 소재입고부터 각 공정에 있어 이력추적이 가능하고, 샘플 기법과 Laser의 특성을 잘 활용할 수 있는 경제적이고 효율적인 Wafer Marking System을 개발하는 것이 이 연구의 목적이다.

우리나라의 보편적 장치산업의 각 생산공정 공정 세팅(setting)치는 Adjacent Point를 지향한다. 바로 이 점이 운전 세팅치를 자주 변경하게 하는 것이다. 다시 말해 근접한 점에 맞추려고 하는 행동이 군내 변동은 작게 만들지만, 군간 변동은 더욱 크게 만드는 현상을 초래하고 있다. 이 경우 데이터의 자기상관에도 나쁜 영향을 미친다고 할 수 있다. 또한 빈번히 사고성 Control-out도 나타나게 되며, 장기적으로 보았을 때 설비의 내구성에도 영향을 마치게 된다. 이는 4M 표준화의 필요성과 중요성이 강조되는 이유이기도 하다. 최근에는 다행스럽게 현장 작업자의 4M 표준화(세팅치 포함) 변화의 권한과 행위는 지양되고 담당 Engineer에게 절대적인 책임과 권한이 주어져 4M 표준화 및 공정의 Control-in 개념도 자연스럽게 재고되고 있는 상황이다. ARIMA를 이용한 통계적 모형을 만들어 분석하는 것이 최고의 결과를 도출하기 위한 방법이라고 할 수 있으나, 이 방법은 모형을 만들고 분석하는 과정이 너무 어렵고 복잡하여 많은 데이터를 다루는 공정에서 사용하기에 무리가 있는 것이 사실이다. 다소 간편하다 할 수 있는 AR모형을 이용하여 관리 상한과 하한 폭을 넓혀서 분석하는 방법도 있지만, 이 또한 마찬가지로 과정이 어렵고 복잡하다. 실제공정에서는 자기상관이 소멸되는 시간간격 데이터를 이용한 Shewhart 관리도로도 공정 관리 상태를 판독하고 관리하는데 별 무리가 없다고 인지되는 상황이다. 그러나 Adjacent Point를 지향한 운전 습관은 그대로 남아 이상원인 검출에 어려움이 생길 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 Shewhart 관리도보다 가중치에 따라 작은 변화에 보다 더 민감하게 반응하는 EWMA 관리도를 바탕으로 장치 공정에서의 모니터링 효율성 재고를 위한 모델을 제안하고자 한다.

MES(manufacturing execution system)란 생산을 수행하기 위해 사용되는 방법과 도구들을 포함하는 온라인 통합 생산 시스템으로 주문 받은 제품을 최종제품이 될 때까지 생산 활동을 최적화 할 수 있는 정보를 제공하며 정확한 실시간 데이터로 공장 활동을 지시하고, 대응하고, 보고 한다. 이에 따라, 공장에서 가치를 제공하지 못하는 활동을 줄이는 것과 함께 변화에 빨리 대응할 수 있게 함으로써 공장 운영 및 공정의 효과를 높인다. 또한 납기, 재고회전율, 총수익, 현금 흐름 등을 개선 할 뿐 만 아니라 운영 자산에 대한 회수율도 좋게 하며, 양방향 통신으로 기업 전체 및 Supply Chain에 걸쳐 생산 활동에 대한 중요한 정보 들을 제공한다. 선행적 관리는 대응적(active), 예방적(preventive), 예측가능(predictive)으로 이루어진다. 선행적 관리가 MES에 포함되어 구성된 System 설계를 본 연구에서 제안했고, 이에 대한 기존의 MES와의 차별성 및 효율성에 대한 것을 검증했다.

세계는 무선통신 기술의 발달로 휴대용 모바일 폰의 형태도 단순 무선통신을 하는 휴대폰에서 휴대폰과 개인휴대단말기(personal digital assistant; PDA)의 장점을 결합한 것으로 일정관리, 팩스 송수신 및 인터넷 접속 등의 데이터 통신기능을 통합시킨 스마트폰이 출시되었다. 이 스마트폰은 완제품으로 출시되어 주어진 기능만 사용하던 기존의 휴대폰과는 달리 수백여 종의 다양한 애플리케어션(응용프로그램)을 사용자가 원하는 대로 설치하고 추가 또는 삭제할 수 있는 특징을 가지고 있다. 이에 모바일 폰의 사장도 노키아와 삼성 중심의 휴대폰 시대에서 애플의 독주와 삼성전자 등이 뒤를 쫒고 있는 스마트폰 시대로 전환하였다. 스마트폰의 편리성, 기능성 등을 이유로 많은 고객들이 고가임에도 불구하고 스마트폰을 구입하고 사용하기 시작하였다. 하지만 몇몇 사용 중 기능고장 등으로 인한 애프터서비스의 부실로 고객의 불만이 상승하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기존 핸드폰과 스마트폰의 애프터서비스 품질 구성요인을 분석하고, 고객감동 요인, 고객만족 요인, 고객불만해소 요인의 존재 및 차이 여부를 평가하고, 나아가 이 품질 구성요인이 고객만족과 기업성과에 미치는 영향도를 분석하고 평가함으로써 기존 핸드폰 시장에서 애프터서비스 전략과 스마트폰 시장에서 애프터서비스 전략이 어떻게 차별화 되여야 하는지에 대한 방향을 제시하고자 한다.

Engineering valuation is a specialized discipline requiring expert knowledge and judgment, which scientifically estimates the economic value of industrial properties. By industrial properties, we mean engineering structures such as mines, factories, build

Recent competitive and technological changes during the past decade have accelerated the need for better capital recovery methods. Competition and technology have together shortened the expected lives of property which could not have been forecasted sever