The effects of stigma removal from floral organ and treatment of auxin on those regions were evaluated on the fruit growth and quality in strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.). The removal of stigma reduced the fruit weight, fruit length, and fruit width, while fruit growth declined as the number of removed stigma increased. The removal of stigma also resulted in reduced fruit firmness, sugar content, and total anthocyanin content, and decreased value of Hunter a for red color and increased value of Hunter b for yellow. The number of seeds deceased as the regions of removed stigma increased. The treatment of auxin on the region of removed stigma improved fruit size, while it reduced fruit firmness, sugar content, and anthocyanin content. The delay in fruit ripening was observed from both stigma removal and auxin treatment. The incidence of malformed fruits increased as the regions with removed stigma increased. The treatment of auxin also promoted fruit malformation.

본 연구는 ‘청도반시’ 감을 열대지역으로 수출하는 상황을 모의하여 실시하였다. 수송 중이나 수송 후 유통과정에서 홍시를 만들기 위한 적절한 수송 온도(0℃, 5℃, 10℃)와 에틸렌 발생제 투입시기(수송 전, 수송 후)를 구명하고자 하였다. 15일간 모의 수송 후와 이후 30℃에서 5일간 모의 유통 후에 과실의 숙성과율과 품질을 조사하였다. 에틸렌 발생제를 처리하여 15일간 모의 수송한 후의 숙성과율은 10℃에서는 모두 홍시가 되었으나 0℃와 5℃에서는 홍시가 되지 않았고, 수송 전에 에틸렌 발생제를 처리하지 않은 과실은 모든 온도에서 홍시가 되지 않았다. 이후 30℃에서 5일간 모의 유통한 과실은 수송 전 에틸렌 발생제를 투입한 처리는 5℃와 10℃에서 모두 홍시가 되었으나 0℃에서는 38.5%만 홍시가 되었다. 수송 후 에틸렌 발생제를 투입한 처리는 모두 홍시가 된 처리구가 없었으며, 0℃와 5℃에서는 각각 63.5%와 59.6%로 비슷했으나 10℃에서는 19.2%로 오히려 낮았다. 결론적으로 수송 직후 바로 출하하기 위해서는 수송 전에 에틸렌 발생제를 투입하고 10℃에서 수송하는 것이, 그리고 5일간의 현지 유통 중에 숙성을 유도하기 위해서는 수송 전에 에틸렌 발생제를 투입하여 5℃에서 수송하는 것이 효과적인 것으로 판단되었다. 수송 후 에틸렌 발생제를 투입해서 유통 중 숙성을 유도하여 홍시를 제조하는 방식은 수송 온도에 따른 차이는 있으나 10℃ 이하에서 15일간 수송한 감에서는 홍시가 잘 되지 않으므로 앞으로 그 원인과 적절한 수송온도에 대한 연구가 더 필요하다.

본 연구는 원예활동이 돌봄 교실 아동의 호기심 유발과 주의 집중력에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하였 다. 주의 집중력 검사 결과, 대조군은 이해도, 선택적 주의 집중, 자기통제, 지속적 주의 집중 모두 유의 한 변화를 보이지 않았으나, 실험군은 대조군과 달리 자기통제가 통계적으로 유의하게 향상되었다. 식물 흥미도 검사 결과, 대조군의 경우 대부분의 항목에서 변화가 없었지만, 실험군의 경우 10개 항목 중‘나 는 우리 집 마당이나 베란다에 식물을 직접 길러보고 싶다.’를 제외한 9개의 항목 즉,‘나는 꽃이나 식물 을 심고 가꾸는 활동을 좋아한다.’,‘나는 꽃이나 식물을 관찰하는 활동이 재미있다.’,‘내가 직접 채소를 길러 먹어보고 싶다.’,‘나는 꽃이나 식물 이름이 궁금하면 식물도감을 찾거나 어른들께 여쭈어 본다.’, ‘나는 할머니나 어머니를 따라 텃밭에서 일하는 것이 재미있을 것 같다.’,‘나는 꽃과 식물을 보면 마음 이 즐거워지고 편안해진다.’,‘집에 키우는 식물에 내가 직접 물을 준 적이 있다.’,‘나는 길을 가다 예쁜 꽃이나 새로운 식물을 보면 걸음을 멈추고 관찰한다.’,‘나는 식물이 우리에게 주는 이로운 점을 잘 알고 있다.’에서 유의차가 있는 것으로 나타나 실험군의 식물흥미도가 향상된 것으로 나타났다. 문장완성 검사 는 대조군은 모두 유의차가 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 실험군의 경우 개인, 가족, 긍정적 표현이 통계적으 로 유의차가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

본 연구는 고품질 땅콩나물 생산을 위해서 세근발생을 억제시키는 생장조절제의 처리 효과를 검정하기 위해 수행되었다. 땅콩나물의 세근발생억제제인 참시루와 6BA를 ‘조평’과 ‘베트남’땅콩에 처리하면 세근발생억제제의 처리농도가 높을수록 세근 발생수는 감소하였다. 그 효과는 6BA가 참시루보다 우수하였고, ‘베트남’ 땅콩보다는 ‘조평’에서 세근발생억제 효과가 명확하였다. 참시루 및 6BA의 배양용액을 1일간 간격으로 교체하면 배양용액을 교체하지 않는 처리구에 비해 부패균 활동을 억제 시켜 하배축 생장을 촉진시킨 반면 세근발생은 억제시켜 고품질 땅콩나물 생산이 가능하였다. 땅콩나물 재배의 배양용액에 GA3와 참시루를 혼용하여 처리하면 땅콩나물의 생육을 향상시켰고, 적정 처리조건은 GA3 50mg·L-1 + Chamsiru 8.40mg·L-1 처리였다.

땅콩나물의 재배에 적합한 온도와 품종, 그리고 최적 레스베라트롤 생산을 위한 생육단계를 구명하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 땅콩나물용 적정품종을 선발하고자 8 가지 국내외 육성품종의 외형적 특징, 발아율, 발아세, 유묘활력을 조사하였다. 그 결과 소비자의 요구를 반영 하여 세근 발생량이 낮고 하배축이 굵은 ‘조평’이 가장 적절하였고, 땅콩나물 재배에 적합한 온도는 27oC로 판단되었다. 레스베라트롤 함량이 높은 땅콩나물의 적정 생육시기를 구명하고자 치상 후 생육조사와 동시에 HPLC를 이용한 레스베라트롤 함량을 조사한 결과 레스 베라트롤은 치상 후 9일차에 17.0μg/g 이상의 높은 함유량을 나타내었다. 따라서 땅콩나물은 생산적 측면과 레스베라트롤의 함량을 고려했을 때 치상 후 9일차에 땅 콩나물을 수확하는 것이 가장 적합할 것으로 판단된다.

품종 육종의 주요 목표중 수량의 증가를 위한 요인들을 선발하는 것이 중요하며, 콩에서 수량을 결정하는 요인들중에서는 협수와 립수가 중요한 요인으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 큰올콩과 익산10호를 교배하여 얻은 F10세대의 RIL 계통을 이용하여 수량에 관여하는 요인중 주당협수와 주당립수 및 협당립수를 조절하는 QTL을 분석하였다. 주당협수는 염색체 5번( LG A1), 6번(LG C2), 8번(LG A2)과 9번(LG K) 및 18번(LG G)에서 5개의 독립된 QTL이 탐지되었으며, 주당립수는 염색체 1번(LGD1a+Q), 6번(LG C2), 9번(LG K), 13번 (LG F)과 17번(LG D2) 및 18번(LG G)에서 6개의 독립된 QTL이 탐지되었다. 협당립수는 2개의 독립된 QTL이 염색체 11번(LG B1)과 19번(LG L)에서 탐지되었는 데 염색체 19번(LG L)에서 탐지된 QTL은 전체 변이의 19.3%를 설명하는 주요 QTL이었다. 한편 주당협수와 주당립수는 염색체 6번(LG C2)과 9번(LG K) 및 18번(LG G)에서 공통된 QTL이 탐지되었다.

본 연구는 우리나라의 대표적인 노지작물인 고추에서 이상고온에 따른 생육 및 생리장해 등 피해정도를 파악하기 위해 수행되었다. 아울러 고온피해를 최소화하기 위한 화학적 대응 기술을 확립하기 위해 빈나리(diniconazole)를 사용하여 그 효과를 검정하고자 하였다. 고추의 신장생장은 생육적온인 25℃보다 온도가 높아질수록 향상되었으나 경직경은 낮았으며, 특히, 30℃에서 재배한 고추 식물체는 연약한 생장을 보였다. 반면 뿌리생육은 생육온도에 따라 큰 차이는 없었다. 고추의 생육적온인 25℃보다 고온에서 재배하면 엽수는 증가하였고, 엽면적도 높았다. 또한 생체중 및 건물중도 높았다. 반면 수확량은 생육적온인 25℃에 비해 고온인 30℃에서는 생산량이 17% 감소하였다. 고추의 생육온도에 따라 낙화율에 차이가 있었으며, 생육적온인 25℃에서는 낙화율이 28.0%였으나, 27.5℃에서는 33.5%, 30℃에서는 52.3%로 온도가 높아질수록 낙화율이 높았다. 칼슘 결핍증은 고추의 생육적온에서는 나타나지 않았으나 온도가 높아질수록 경미하게 증가하는 경향이었다. 반면 역병발병율은 생육온도에 따른 차이는 없었다. 30℃의 이상고온은 낙화율이 문제되었으나, 빈나리를 처리하면 낙화율이 감소하여 10 mg/L처리에서는 대조구에 비해 수량이 10% 향상되었다.

본 연구는 노지채소 작물인 고추를 대상으로 이상 고온조건을 인위적으로 부여하여 화분발아력을 검정 하며, 이상 고온에서의 화분발아력을 향상시킬 수 있는 방법을 강구하기 위해 수행되었다. 고추에서 화 분 발아에 최적온도는 25℃였고, 27.5℃와 30℃에서는 화분발아율이 낮았다. 화분발아에 적합한 sucrose 농도는 10~15%였고, 30% 이상의 농도에서는 화분 발아율이 감소하였다. 화분발아 배지의 적정 pH 5.5 ~6.5였고 이들 조건에서 화분발아율이 높았고, 화분관 신장도 좋았다. 화분 채취시간에 따른 화 분 발아율은 채취 시간에 따라 차이가 있었다. 전반적으로 오전 10시에 채취한 화분에서 발아율이 가장 높았고, 반면 오후에 채취한 화분일수록 화분활력이 저하되었다. 화분발아 배지에 아미노산인 asparagine과 glutamine를 첨가하면 고온에서 화분발아율이 향상되었다. 또한 폴리아민류인 putrescine 과 spermine도 화분 발아율을 향상시켰다. 전반적으로 고온에서 고추 화분발아성을 증진시킬 수 있는 첨가물질 및 처리농도는 supermine 1 mM 처리였고, 대조구에 비해 화분발아율이 15.0% 향상되었다.

본 연구의 목적은 오미자로부터 순수분리한 리그난이 무의 종자발아 및 유묘생장에 미치는 영향을 조사함으로서 생장조절제와 천연물의 생물검증 방법을 개발하기 위해서 수행하였다. 오미자로부터 순수분리한 schisandrin, schisandrin C, gomisin A 및 gomisin N 등 4종의 리그난이 무 종자의 발아 및 유묘생육에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 무 종자를 10-5, 10-6 및 10-7 M의 schisandrin, schisandrin C, gomisin A 및 gomisin N 용액에 1시간 침지 후 발아율을 비교한 결과, 4종의 리그난류 처리는 대조구에 비해 발아속도가 빨랐다. 리그난류의 처리 48시간 후 대조구를 기준으로 하여 발아율의 촉진 또는 억제 효과를 비교한 결과, schisandrin과 gomisin A는 10-6 M의 농도에서, schisandrin C와 gomisin N은 농도가 높을수록 발아율이 억제되는 경향이었다. 리그난이 유묘생육에 미치는 영향을 대조구를 기준으로 하여 생육 촉진 또는 억제 효과를 조사한 결과, 하배축은 gomisin A와 gomisin N의 처리시 10-5 M의 고농도에서, gomisin N의 경우에는 10-6 M에서 생육이 촉진되었으며, 뿌리의 길이는 schisandrin 10-4 M의 고농도에서 가장 길었다. 유식물체당 총 생체중 및 건물중은 10-7 M의 저농도 처리시에 촉진되었으며, schisandrin C는 10-5 M의 고농도 처리시에 생체중과 건물중이 감소하였다. 따라서 오미자로부터 순수분리한 리그난은 종자발아 또는 유묘의 생장을 조절할 수 있는 생장조절제로서 이용가능이 있을 것으로 기대된다.

This study was conducted to investigate changes in seed vigor based on temperature of dry heat and duration treatment of watermelon seeds and examine the effect on percent of emergence and seedling vigor. When the upper limit temperature of dry heat treatment was raised to 80℃, the percent of the germination decreased. Moreover, T50 was delayed as the upper limit temperature of dry heat treatment increased. The higher the upper limit temperature of dry heat treatment and the longer the treatment period, the higher the percentage of abnormal seedlings. The optimum upper limit temperature for dry heat treatment was 72℃, and the treatment period was five days. Seed vigor was better maintained at 30℃, 45℃, and 52℃, followed by stepwise exposure to high temperatures of 72℃, the upper limit of dry heat treatment, rather than dry heat treatment at a high temperature of 72℃ for 5 days from the initial stage of treatment. When the fungicide was added during the dry heat treatment process, the germination percentage decreased and the percent of the abnormal seedling percentage increased. However, the addition of 10 mg/kg fungicide did not significantly reduce seed vigor.

Kadsura coccinea (Lem.) A.C. Smith is used as a medicinal plant and cosmetic material in China and Southeast Asia. To mass-produce Kadsura coccinea seedlings, the effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) and cold stratification treatments on seed germination were investigated. Seed germination rate with GA3 treatment was most effective at concentrations of 250 or 500 mg/L. With respect to mean germination time (MGT), mean daily germination, and T50 (days to reach 50% seed germination), the germination-promoting effect was improved as the concentration of GA3 increased. Stem growth of seedlings was the highest following GA3 treatments of 250 and 500 mg/L, and the growth promoting effect gradually decreased as the concentration of GA3 decreased. Root growth was stimulated at GA3 concentrations of 250–1,000 mg/L. Examination of the effect of stratification treatment for 15, 30 and 60 days at temperatures of 0, 5 and 10℃ on the germination rate revealed that the most stratification treatment temperature was 10℃, and the results improved with longer treatment periods. Altogether, GA3 and stratification treatments improved the seed germination rate, shortened the MGT, improved germination uniformity, and produced healthy seedlings.

The aim of this study was to determine the optimum level of carbon dioxide to maximize the quality and yields of strawberries cultivated in a greenhouse. Specifically, two strawberry cultivars, namely, ‘Seolhyang’ and ‘Maehyang’, were subjected to varying concentrations of carbon dioxide and patterns linked to their productivity were noted. Both cultivars showed improvements across various physical variables (i.e., leaf area, crown diameter, plant height, fresh weight, and dry weight) when carbon dioxide concentrations were at 1,500 ppm. The optimum carbon dioxide concentration for increased fruit yields and quality was 1,000 ppm. When carbon dioxide was at 1,000 ppm the yields of ‘Seolhyang’ and ‘Maehyang’ increased by 1.99 and 1.78 times, respectively, compared to control plants. The influence of carbon dioxide on fruit color was negligible. However, the carbon dioxide increased the sugar content and sugar-acid ratio of the experimental fruits compared to control plants. Specifically, the sugar-acid ratio, which is directly related to taste, was at its highest when the concentration of carbon dioxide was at 1,000 ppm (i.e., for both ‘Seolhyang’ and ‘Maehyang’). Overall, the application of carbon dioxide culminated in improved yields and fruit quality for both cultivars of interest.

The purpose of this study was to identify for extenders, adhesives, colorants, and fungicides suitable for the production of high-quality film-coated seeds of Chinese cabbage. In addition, the effect of various additives used for film coating on the germination of coated seeds and seedling vigor was investigated to establish appropriate treatment conditions for film coating efficiency. The germination rate and germination speed in Chinese cabbage film-coated seeds did not differ significantly depending on the type and concentration of the extender, while the use of Talc resulted in superior granulation capacity and adhesion of the seed coat in comparison to Zeolite. There was no significant difference in the germination rate depending on the type of adhesive used for film coating of Chinese cabbage seeds, but the germination rate was slightly slower in the film-coated seeds using carboxymethyl cellulose as an adhesive. On the other hand, the seeds coated with a film using 1% PVA as an adhesive not only maintained hardness enough to withstand external pressure, but also showed a high germination rate. In addition, the suitable disinfectant for film coating was venoram, and the treatment concentration was good at 250 mg·L-1. The type of colorant used in the film-coated seeds of Chinese cabbage did not significantly affect the germination rate, germination speed, and seedling vigor. The seeds film-coated using the liquid colorant were superior in appearance to the seeds film-coated with the solid colorant, which implies the possibility of reduction in the manufacturing costs by using the water-soluble paints as colorants for film-coated seeds.

This study was carried out to establish optimal conditions for breaking dormancy of Agastache rugosa O. Kuntze seeds. A series of experiments according to seed maturity and treatment with plant growth regulators were performed to improve germination percentage and synchronize germination of the seeds. In addition, it was conducted to test whether the useful effect of seed treatment before sowing leads to healthy seedling and early vigorous growth. The average seed size was 1.85 mm (length) x 0.82 mm(width). The seed size was much smaller than other vegetable seeds. Seeds colorappeared dark brown, the shape of the seeds was oval and the weight of 1,000seeds was 352.8 mg. The optimum germination temperature was 22℃. Light exposure during germination did not affect germination promotion, suggesting that A. rugosa seeds are a kind of dark germinating seeds. Seed dormancy lasted for 40 days after harvesting, and GA3 treatment of dormant seeds could break dormancy. There were significant differences in germination percentage and rate according to the maturity of seeds. The germination percentage of mature seeds was 10 – 18% higher than that of immature seeds, and germination rate was 2 days faster. GA3 treatment during growth regulator treatment improved germinability, but BAP or ethephone treatment did not. The optimal growth regulator concentration of for germination was the combination treatment of 100 mM GA3 ＋ 100 mM BAP.

This study was conducted to determine the optimum conditions for the treatment of polyamine to promote pollen germination and improve the fruiting rate by overcoming fertilization defects in low-temperature strawberry cultivation. The optimum temperature for pollen germination of strawberries was 30 for Seolhyang and 25 for Maehyang, and Seolhyang had a higher pollen germination rate than that of Maehyang. The addition of polyamines, namely spermine and putrescine to the medium improved the pollen germination rate and spermine treatment showed a better effect than putrescine treatment. The proper polyamine type and treatment concentration for enhancing the potency of pollen germination was 500 μM of spermine for both Seolhyang and Maehyang, which improved the pollen germination rate by 19-23% compared with that of the control. However, combined treatment of spermine and putrescine, resulted in a lower germination rate lower than that of the single treatment. Our results indicated that the treatment of polyamines during flowering in protected cultivation of strawberrise can improve the fruiting rate by overcoming the problem of poor pollen germination due to low temperature.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of defoliation treatment on the growth and yield of strawberries. There was a remarkable growth in the above-ground part and root of untreated strawberry plants possibly due to higher amount of photosynthesis, while overall plant growth was suppressed as the level of defoliation treatment increased. In both the “Seolhyang” and “Maehyang” cultivars examined, defoliation treatment resulted in small fruits and a low number of fruits per plant. Notably, 50% defoliation significantly reduced the number of fruits per plant to 8.2, compared to 13.8 in untreated plants. Defoliation treatment also negatively influenced the fruit quality including color, sugar content, and solid-acid rate. However, no significant changes in fruit firmness was observed in either cultivar. Therefore, retaining enough leaves without defoliation treatment can be important to increasing fruit yield, producing high quality fruits and saving labor required for defoliation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of shading on the growth and productivity of strawberries. Photosynthesis was normally achieved under natural light without shading treatment, and vegetative growth of under- and aboveground part of strawberry plants were excellent. Strawberry fruit productivity and quality were different depending on shading conditions. In natural light, they were improved possibly by balanced vegetative and reproductive growth. However, under light-shading conditions with insufficient sunshine, photosynthetic activity deteriorated and carbohydrate production was therfore inadequate; this adversely affected plant height and quality. The negative effects were more pronounced at 50% shading condition. Shading treatments resulting in insufficient sunshine had a detrimental impact on plant productivity and growth; this implies that proper shading conditions could heip improve yield and fruit quality.

In this study, we investigated the influences of abnormal high temperature on growth, yield and physiologically active substances of the strawberry. General strawberry cultivars in the 20℃ growth condition showed much better growth of leaf number, length, diameter along with plant height, compared with those in 22.5℃ or 25℃. But the cultivars of both ‘Sulhyang’ and ‘Mehyang’ showed good growth and development at 25℃ with the roots showing great growth at 20℃. The quality and yield of the strawberry were best in the 20℃ growth condition, but the merchantability deteriorated in the 25℃ high temperature condition. As for the content of the physiologically active substances of the strawberry, it increased at 20℃, the optimum growth temperature, but decreased at 25℃. The physiologically active substances in the strawberry differed among the cultivars, the contents of cyanidin-3-glucoside, cinchonine, ellagic acid and cinnamic acid higher in the ‘Mehyang’, whereas the content of fisetin is higher in the ‘Sulhyang’ cultivar.Consequentially, the high temperature in summer has a negative effect on the physiological active ingredients of the strawberry, which was increased in the strawberry cultivated at proper temperature, and high quality strawberry production was possible.

This study investigated the applicability of horticultural media with recycled coir substrates the growth of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. Pekinensis) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) crop. The six different types of coir based substrates were A, Coir 45: Perlite 35: Vermiculite 12: Zeolite 8 (%), B, Coir 55: Perlite 25: Vermiculite 12: Zeolite 8 (%), C, Coir 65: Perlite 15: Vermiculite 12: Zeolite 8 (%), D, Coir 75: Perlite 5: Vermiculite 12: Zeolite 8 (%), E, Coir 85: Perlite 5: Vermiculite 5: Zeolite 5 (%) and F, nursery media (control). The pH and Electric conductivity of the horticultural nursery media were 6.06–7.00 and 0.45–1.10 dS/m-1, respectively. The nursery media containing coir substrates had higher level of Total N, Ca, K, Mg and P than those without coir. Additionally, it was observed that the growth of Chinese cabbage was the best on D (containing 75% coir) while that of lettuce was the best on E (containing 85% coir). In general, when substrates containg a higher percentage of coir were used, the growth of Chinese cabbage and lettuce was ideal. Additionally, the P, Ca, and Mg content in both plants was not significantly altered by the amount of coir present in the media. However, with an increase in the amount of coir substrate, the chlorophyll, N, and K content was increased. After harvesting, there was no significant difference in the chemical properties of the horticultural nursery media of both plants. Thus, it can be suggested that, coir substrate after a single use could be recycled as horticulture nursery media.

A Cultivation method to minimize the damage caused by high temperatures was studied by investigating the effects of groundwater cooling treatment on the growth, yield, and quality of strawberries. In the groundwater cooling treatment, the daily average temperature of the rhizosphere was reduced from 26.9°C to 24.9°C . The root length increased by 0.3–9.2 cm, depending on the cultivar and growth period. The leaf number, leaf area, leaf length, leaf diameter, and plant height also increased, especially in the cultivars ‘Seolhyang’ and ‘Maehyang’, resulting in higher fresh and dry weights. The number of fruit per plant increased from 7.7 to 12.5 in ‘Seolhyang’, and the fruit weight increased by 0.3 g in ‘Seolhyang’ and 1.3 g in ‘Maehyang’. The fruit hardness increased, but no significant difference in fruit coloration was observed. The sugar content of the fruit was improved by 0.2–0.3 °Brix. Therefore, groundwater cooling of the rhizosphere was effective in improving the growth and productivity of strawberries under abnormally high temperature conditions and can be considered a cost-efficient cooling system.