Background : Angelica tenuissima Nakai is a major medicinal plant around GyeoungBuk Area. Powdery mildew of Angelica tenuissima Nakai caused a Erysiphe heraclei DC. is a major disease. It was found leaf of Angelica tenuissima after rainy season. There was no agicultural chemical registration on Angelica tenuissima. Ecofriendly control needs Angelica tenuissima for GAP. Methods and Results : The seedlings used for the test were sowed and cultivated in mid-February at Bonghwa herbal crop research institute. The irrigation water was irrigated through a drip irrigation system. Powdery mildew occurred after rainfall lasted more than 2 days at the end of June. The pathogen (Erysiphe heraclei DC.) was identified by observing the diseased plants with an optical microscope. Bordeaux mixture was tested using Gold Bordeaux which was listed in the eco-friendly material list and the magnification was 500 times for the medicinal efficacy test and 250 times for the damage test. For the chemical treatment 40 ㎖ of Bordeaux mixture was added to 20 ℓ of water to prepare 500 times of the solution and the treatment was sufficiently wetted to the plant at about 8:00 am. The first treatment was treated at 7. 5 days, the second treatment at 7. 13 days, the third treatment at 7. 26 days, and the final investigation at 7.26 days. The occurrence of powdery mildew was sufficient to evaluate the treatment effect at 13.0% in untreated control and the control value was low at 33.5% in one treatment but 74.0% in control after 2 treatments showed significant control effect. 89.2% respectively. As a result it is effective to control the powdery mildew of Bordeaux solution at least once every seven days to improve the control effect. Conclusion : Control value of bordeaux mixture was higher than after two times of treatment. Bordeaux mixture treatment of powdery mildew on Angelica tenuissima control 89.2% and it can use a producing ecofriendly agricultural product.

Background : Recently demand of Rehmannia glutinosa Liboschitz increased rapidly using a food and cosmetics as an emphasis on well-being. Cultivation tests of Rehmannia glutinosa for new varieties are tested around Geumsan area of Chungnam province. It is different for the soil condition and wether between Chungnam area and Gyeongbuk area. It is needed cultivating tests of new variety region of north Gyeongbuk. Methods and Results : Test variety of Rehmannia glutinosa was Dagang and test place was 918 Banguri Jangsu Yeongju. Planting density of Dagang was 20 × 20 ㎝, 30 × 20 ㎝, 40 × 20 ㎝ and all seedstocks were disinfected before sowing. Composite fertilizer use 60 ㎏/10 a and press cake use 600 ㎏/10 a on the test field. Black vinyl muching was using for preventing of grass. Leaf length, leaf width and leaf number were no difference in growth among 20 × 20 ㎝, 30 × 20 ㎝ and 40 × 20 ㎝. There was no difference in root length, root number root weight between planting distances, and root width was the largest at 30 × 20 ㎝ and 16.3 ㎜, Followed by 20 × 20 ㎝ and 40 × 20 ㎝ in order. Total root weight of 20 × 20 ㎝ was higher than other plant density and total income of 20 × 20 ㎝ was higer than others. Roots rot of root was not significant difference among plant density. It was the first test Dagang around north Gyeongbuk area and plant density of 20 × 20 ㎝ was higher output than 30 × 20 ㎝, 40 × 20 ㎝. Conclusion : Plant density of 20 × 20 ㎝ was selected for cultivating Dagng around north Gyeongbuk area. 20 × 20 ㎝ of cultivating Dagang get a more roots and also increase famers income.

Background : The continuous cropping of Cnidium officinale is a serious problem for the cultivation practices, which is an unelucidated subject. This study is concerned mainly with rhizosphere microbiome and meteological factors on the cause of physiological damage in the continuous cropping of Cnidium officinale. Methods and Results : Microbial population and community dynamics was evaluated with metagenomic DNA by IonTorrent PGM. Results of HPLC profiling revealed that metabolic components of symbiotic interaction with Cnidium officinale was not detected in cultivated soils. Proteobacteria groups such as nitrogen fixing bacteria, Pseudomonas and Burkholderia of rhizosphere soil in continuous cropped fields mainly decreased compared to the first cropped soil. Principle component analysis of bacterial community showed a significantly differentiated vector between first cropping field and continuous cropped fields. Although growth characteristics including height, leaf length, leaf diameter amd stem diameter etc., was not different with continuous cultivation year until mid-July, physiological damage was dramatically started from late July. Yield of Rhizoma in continuous cropped fields significantly decreased compared to first cropped field. Evapotranspiration of Cnidium officinale with lysimeter for summer season was evaluated. It showed high relationship between solar radiation and evapotranspiration with R2 = 0.7778 and 41% of solar radiation converted into evapotranspiration during 16 days. This result imply that evapotranspiration is mainly controlled by radiation energy in clear days. Water and heat cycle through evapotranspiration is suppose to be one of the important factors related with physiological disorder of Cnidium officinale. Conclusion : This result imply that physiological damage resulted from continuous cropping is involved in decrease of Proteobacteria at rhizosphere soils under stressed conditions.

Background : Heat stress induced from high temperature are known to crucially affecting on physiological properties and yield in Cnidium officinale. Methods and Results : The effect of foliar application of mixture including a urea, ascorbic acid and calcium chloride on high temperature injury of Cnidium officinale. Photosynthesis and leaf temperature in Cnidium officinale were investigated after cultivating for 24 hours at 35℃. Net photosyntheis rate, transpiration was measured at 1,000 μmol m-2 s-1 of photon flux density and leaf temperature was analyzed by thermal image. Net photosyntheis rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate in mixture traetment were 2 times of higher than in control. Water use efficience was not different significantly. Leaf temperature was lower in mixture treatment (25.3℃) than in control (29.0℃). Conclusion : This result show that foliar application of urea, ascorbic acid and calcium chloride was reducing a high temperature injury through a improving photosynthetical capacity and decreasing leaf temperature of Cnidium officinale.

Background : Management of air temperature are known to primarily affecting on physiological properties and yield in plant. Methods and Results : The effect of air temperature on characteristics of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence in Cnidium officinal were investigated using growth chamber after cultivating for 24 hours under controlled condition. Net photosyntheis rate, transpiration was measured at 1,000 μmol m-2 s-1 of photon flux density and chlorophyll fluorescence was analyzed by OJIP method. Net photosyntheis rate was highest in treatment of 25℃. Although transpiration rate was lowest, water use efficience was also in treatment of 25℃. Stomatal conductance was mainly influenced from ambient climatric factors such as vapor pressure deficit. As results of chlorophyll fluorescence by OJIP analysis, maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) of photosystem II (PSII), PIabs and the relative activities per reaction center such as ABS/RC, DIo/RC were not changed at air temperature. Therefore, elevated air temperatue during short term influence the dark reaction in photosystem through controlling a water use efficience and transpiration. Conclusion : This result show that 25℃ of air temperature may be a adequate temperature to improving the efficiency of photosynthesis in Cnidium officinale.

Background : Angelica dahurica Bentham et Hooker, Angelica gigas Nakai, Ostericum koreanum Maximowicz and Peucedanum japonicum Thumberg　are a major medicinal plant in north Geungbuk province. Using medicinal plants are impotant it`s ingredient. Dry condition and stroage method are not standard manual. The ingredient variation of dry condition and stroage method were not researched. Methods and Results : Using plant material were cutivated on Gyongsangbukdo Bonghwa area. It were studied ingredient variation after dry and storage condition by HPLC methods. Major ingredient of Angelica gigas Nakai are decurusin, decurusinangelate. Heated air bulk dry get more decursin than natuarl dry and decurusinangelate of natural bulk dry was higher than heated air bulk dry. Major ingredient of Ostericum koreanum Maximowicz are imperatorin and isoimperatorin.. Imperatorin of Ostericum koreanum was highest peak on 50℃ heated-air dry after plastic bag sorage and isoimperatorin was highest peak on 40℃ heated-air dry after mountain cultivation. Imperatorin is a major ingredient Angelica dahurica Bentham et Hooker. Heated air bulk dry get more decursin and decursinangelate than natuarl dry and small heated-air dry. Peucedanol-7o_glucoside is a major ingredient Peucedanum japonicum Thumberg. Natural bulk dry get more peucedanol-7o_glucoside than heated-air bulk dry. Conclusion : Ingredient of Angelica dahurica Bentham et Hooker, Angelica gigas Nakai, Ostericum koreanum Maximowicz are different under various cutivation, drying method, storage. Diffent Ingedients of Angelica gigas Nakai, Ostericum koreanum Maximowicz were not accord it’s optical conditon.

Background : Schizandra chinensis Baillon have five tastes and lately it is using a beverage broadly. Schizandra chinensis is one of the top producing medicinal plant in Korea. Mungyeong of Gyongbuk province produce almost of Schizandra chinensis. Maturity of Schizandra chinensis get 3 years and proliferation of Schizandra chinensis was not a manual. It is needed that a new cultivar has a big fruit and high quality chracteristics using processed food and beverage. Methods and Results : 105 lines of Schizandra chinensis were collected on Mungyeong, Yeongwol, Jinan. It were studied it’ characteristics especially it’s fruit trait. Fruit traits of Schizandra chinensis were researched on fruit length, fruit weight, maturity, number of fruit, male and female ratio, powdery mildew. Fruit length of Schizandra chinensis is relation of fruit weight. It were founded 15 lines of long fruit length. 5 lines were studied high fruit weight and it’s weight were 32 to 41g. Number of fruit has relation with fruit weight and high fruit weight gets many fruits. it’s numer of fruits were 3 to 41. Male and female ratio were very impotant characteristic. High level of female ratio has quantity of fruit. High level of female ratio were founded 2 lines. Finally It was selected 3 good breed lines of Schizandra chinensis. Conclusion : 105 lines of Schizandra chinensis Baillons were collected on Mungyeong, Yeongwol, Jinan. It were founded 15 lines of long fruit length and 5 lines were studied high fruit weight. High level of female ratio were founded 2 lines. 3 good breed lines of Schizandra chinensis were selected.

Background : Management of air temperature are known to primarily affecting on physiological properties and yield in plant. Methods and Results : The effect of air temperature on characteristics of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence in Schisandra chinensis Baillon were investigated under controlled temperature using growth chamber. Net photosyntheis rate, transpiration was measured at 1,000 μmol m-2 s-1 of photon flux density and chlorophyll fluorescence was analyzed by OJIP method. Net photosyntheis rate and transpiration rate was higher in treatment of 25℃. As results of chlorophyll fluorescence by OJIP analysis, maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) of photosystem II (PSII) and PIabs was higher in treatment of 25℃ which reflects the relative reduction state of PSII. But in treatment of 35℃ the relative activities per reaction center such as ABS/RC, DIo/RC were higher than in treatment of 25℃ which implied that the relative reduction of electron transport at PSI and increasement of photo inhibition at reaction center. Conclusion : This result implies that 25℃ of air temperature may be a adequate temperature to improving the efficiency of photosynthesis through controlling a photosystem in Schisandra chinensis Baillon.