병재배에 적합한 꽃송이버섯 안정생산 재배기술 개발 연구를 위하여 낙엽송발효톱밥을 주배지로 하여 영양원으로 밀가루, 파옥쇄, 면실피, 비트펄프, 옥분, 옥피 6종을 혼합하여 시험을 수행하였다. 낙엽송발효톱밥+비트펄프+ 옥분(80:15:5, v/v) 처리에서 재배기간이 단축되고 수량이 높아 병재배에 적합한 배지로 선발하였다. 선발 배지의 균사배양 기간이 64일로 다른 처리에 비해 길었으나 균사 배양과 원기형성이 동시에 진행됨에 따라 생육실로 입상 하여 발생되는 기간이 단축됨으로써 생육 및 수확 기간이 단축되었다. 또한, 총 재배기간은 약 94일로 대조배지에 비해 약 17일정도 단축되었으며 첫 수확일부터 마지막 수확일까지 약 4일정도 소요됨으로써 수확기간이 짧아 재배사 운용효율을 높일 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 수집균주인 GMSL69033 계통은 선발 배지에서 유의한 수준으로 수량이 높았다. 대조배지 104.3g에 반해 126.6g으로 약 18% 증가하였다. ‘너울’ 품종에서 면실피와 옥분(15:5, v/ v)처리와 선발한 배지에서 유의한 수준으로 수량이 높았으며 각각 121g, 128.5g이었다. 이 때 생물학적 효율은 면실피와 옥분(15:5, v/v) 배지에서 53.3%, 선발 배지에서 60.0%로 생물학적 효율 또한 높은 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 선발 배지에서 균주 간 차이 없이 수량이 우수한 것을 확 인할 수 있었다. ‘너울’ 품종에서는 선발 배지가 대조배지 에 비해 수량이 약 21% 증가하였다. 이상의 결과 꽃송이 버섯 병재배 시 낙엽송발효톱밥+비트펄프+옥분(80:15:5, v/v)가 안정생산용 배지로 적합할 것으로 판단되며, 이때의 이화학성은 수분함량 70%, pH 4.7, C/N율 106.4, 공기충전공극률 38%이었다.

발이가 안정적이고 다수성인 잎새버섯 신품종 『대박』의 주요특성은 다음과 같다. ‘대박’은 균사생장적온은 25℃로 ‘참’(대조품종)과 같았으며, 병재배 시 재배일수는 57일로 ‘참’에 비하여 2일이 짧았다. 발이율은 98.4%로 ‘참’에 비하여 24.8%p 높았으며, CV(변이계수)는 0.6%으로 ‘참’에 비하여 5.3%p 적었다. 갓색은 Hunter 색채값의 L값은 55.3으로 ‘참’에 비하여 3.6이 적어 갓색이 더 짙었으며, 갓두께는 1.73 mm으로 ‘참’에 비하여 0.53 mm 적었다. 자실체 직경은 132 mm로 ‘참’에 비하여 11 mm가 컸으며, 높이는 87.2 mm으로 ‘참’에 비하여 2.8 mm가 높았다. 1,100 ml 병당 자실체중량은 139 g으로 ‘참’에 비하여 28% 많았으며, CV는 2.5%로 ‘참’에 비하여 6.2%p가 적었다. 버섯재배농가의 일반적 1일 입병수 10,000병 기준으로 볼 때, 수량은 1,376 kg으로 ‘참’에 비하여 70% 높았으며, CV는 3.0%로 '참'에 비하여 11.5%p가 적었다. 물리성(강도 및 깨짐성)은 ‘참’에 비하여 낮았으며, 저장성은 판매가능기간으로 볼 때 4℃ 저장에서 42일로 ‘참’ 에 비하여 6일이 길었다.

꽃송이버섯 안정생산을 위해 액체종균배지조성 및 배양조건에 관한 연구결과, 물엿을 8Brix%로 조절하고 질소원으로 Yeast extract를 0.2%첨가한 배지에서 균사생장량이 우수하여 적합 배지로 선발하였다. 통기량에 따른 CO2발생량은 배양 9일까지 증가하다 감소하였고, 통기량이 높을수록 균체직경은 작아지고 배지감소율은 증가하여 통기량 0.9vvm이상에서 배지감소율이 급증하여 꽃송이버섯 액체종균에 적합한 통기량은 0.3~0.6 vvm 이 적합하였다. 또한, 배양기간일 길수록 균체량이 많았으나, CO2발생량이 높고 배지감소율이 낮은 9~11일을 적합 배양기간으로 설정하였다.

잎새버섯을 병재배 새로운 소득 품목으로 개발하고자 적정 발이방법을 구명하기 위한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 발이는 모든 처리구에서 6일째 개시가 되었으나, T7(균긁기후 역상)은 9일로 다른 처리보다 3일 늦었다. 발이율은 T3(페트리디쉬)과 T7이 98.9%로 가장 높고, 전체 재배기간은 T7이 51일로 다른 처리구의 46~47일보다 3일 늦은 것으로 나타났다. 수량성은 T3과 T7이 각각 110g과 112g으로 우수하였으나, T7의 방법이 자실체의 발생도 균일하고, 품질도 우수하여(장단비 0.89) 잎새버섯 병재배에 적합한 발이방법으로 판단되었다.

‘Mantari’ is a new variety of oyster mushroom for bottle culture. It was bred by crossingmonokaryons isolated from ‘DM11732’ and ‘Chunchu-2ho’. The optimum temperature for the mycelial growth was 26~29°C on PDA medium, and that for the primordia formation and the growth of fruiting body of ‘Mantari’ on sawdust mediawas 18°C and 16°C. It took 32 days to finish spawn running, 4 days to finish primordia formation, and 3 days to finish fruiting body growth in the bottle culture. The fruitcharacteristics: the pileus was round and gray-black in color, and the stipe was long, thin, and light gray in color. The yield per bottle was 179 g/900 ml and was 5% higher than that of the control variety (Chunchu-2ho). The physical properties of the fruit body were as follows: springiness, cohesive, gumminess, and brittleness of the stipe tissue were 96%, 76%, 160 g, and 15 kg, respectively.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the physiological activities of the water and ethanol extracts from three strains of Hypsizygus marmoreus. Anti-oxidant and anti-tumorigenic activities were carried out. As the anti-oxidant test ORAC(Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) assay was performed. Nitrite scavenging activity and MTT assay were conducted to confirm the anti-tumorigenic activities. HeLa and A549, MCF-7 cell lines were used for MTT assay. GONJI No.6 ethanol extract showed highly effects on anti-tumorigenic activities among three strains. But water extracts were not shown anti-tumorigenic activities. As a result of the anti-oxidant activity the Hypsizygus marmoreus(from Japan) water extract showed highest radical absorption activities on ORAC assay.

This study was conducted to investigate the physiological activities of the water and ethanol extracts from three strains of Hypsizygus marmoreus. Largely, anti-hypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-tumorigenic activities were carried out. In addition, β-glucan contents were also measured. Mangadak 2 ho has the 36%(w/w) β-glucan contents, it is highest value of all strains. And it also showed highest inhibitory activities of angiotensin converting enzyme. GONJI No.6 highly inhibited releasing of nitric oxide from Raw 264.7. Anti-diabetic activity, the Hypsizygus marmoreus(from Japan) showed highest inhibitory activity on amyloglucosidase. MTT assay was performed on the anti-tumorigenic test. The cancer cell were used to HeLa, A549. repectively.

‘Gongi-2ho’a new variety of oyster mushroom, fitting for the bag culture, was bred and by mating between monokaryons isolated from GMPO35338 and Jangpug. In the major characteristics of fruit body, the pilei were thick and dark-gray and the stipes were thick and long with softness. It was great in elasticity and cohesivness of tissue as compare to Suhan-1ho. The optimum temperature for the mycelial growth was around 26~29℃ and that for the pinheading and growth of fruitbody was around 14~18℃. In the bag culture, it was required around 20 days in incubation period and 5 days in primordia formation. The fruit body was grew vital and uniform. The yield were shown by 323.3g/1kg bag. This variety has high yielding capacity, cultivation stability and the resistance to the bacterial brown blotch disease.

‘Gongi-1ho’ a new variety of oyster mushroom, fitting for the bottle culture, was bred and by mating between monokaryons isolated from Kimjae-7ho and Samgu01. In the major characteristics of fruit body, the pilei were thick and dark-gray and the stipes were thick and long with softness. It was great in elasticity and cohesivness of tissue as compare to chunchu-2ho. The optimum temperature for the mycelial growth was around 26~29℃ and that for the pinheading and growth of fruitbody was around 14~18℃. In the bottle culture, it was required around 33 days in incubation period and 5 days in primordia formation. The fruit body was grew vital and uniform. The yield were shown by 140.6g/850cc bottle.

This study was carried out to set up proper moisture content of substrate and relative humidity during fruit-body induction and growing period in oyster mushroom. The proper moisture content for mycelium incubation of Suhanneutari1ho was 65∼ 70% and that of Chunchu neutari2ho was 70%. at that condition, it took 13 days to finish spawn running and the yield of Suhanneutari1ho and Chunchuneutari2 ho were 2.36kg/0.2㎡, 2.44kg/0.2㎡ respectively. The higher relative humidity in growing room, the less moisture content in substrate and the higher relative humidity in growing room, the more moisture content in fruit body during the growing period. In Chunchuneutari2 ho, when the volume of 5 per days was put on the bed and relative humidity was keep about 90%, the yield was 2.35kg/0.2㎡. In Suhanneutari1 ho, the water supply on the bed, when relative humidity was keep about 90%, the yield was 2.29kg/0.2㎡