심비디움 ‘연두랑’은 절화용으로 적합한 연녹색 품종을 개발 하기 위하여 2023년 국립원예특작과학원에서 육성한 신품종 으로 2009년에 C. ‘Daijeolturuk’과 C.‘Romeo’를 인공교배 하다. 교배 후 기내파종과 하우스 순화를 통해 121개의 실생묘 를 얻었고, 그 중 형태적, 생리적, 개화 특성을 포함한 종합적인 특성을 바탕으로 우수한 2계통을 1차 선발하였다. 이후 선발계 통의 안정성과 균일성을 확인하기 위하여 2016년부터 2022년 까지 특성검정을 수행하였고, 최종적으로‘C09037-45’한 계통 을 선발하였고 ‘원교 F1-80’로 계통명을 부여한 후,‘연두랑’으 로 명명하였다. 본 품종은 67.2 cm 길이의 직립성 화경에 약 22개의 연녹색 꽃을 착화하는 중형종으로, 절화수명은 평균 34.3일로, 대비품종 ‘러블리킹’보다 6일 이상 길었다.‘연두랑’ 은 1월부터 개화하며 기내 증식력은 대비 품종과 유사한 정도 로 나타나 상업적 활용을 위한 대량 증식이 가능할 것으로 판단 된다.

This study deals with replacement analysis of deteriorated equipment for improving productivity of production system. Frequent breakdown of the deteriorated equipment causes a situation that reduces productivity such as low product quality, process delay, and repair cost. However, the replacement of new equipment will be required a high initial investment cost, so it is important to analysis the economic feasibility. Therefore, we analyze the effect of the production system due to the aging effect of the equipment and the feasibility of equipment replacement based on the economic analysis. The process flow, working time, logistics movement, etc. are analyzed in order to build the simulation modeling for a ship and land switchboard production system. Using numerical examples, the economic feasibility analysis of equipment replacement through replacement of existing deteriorated equipment and additional arrangement of new facilities is performed.

Influenza A virus (IAV) causes respiratory disease in birds and mammals, including pigs and humans. Infection by IAV in pigs increases not only economic losses in the swine industry but also the emergence of novel IAV variants via gene reassortment, which is important due to the susceptibility of both birds and humans to IAV. This study provides serological data obtained during a study to detect IAV infections in pigs in the Republic of Korea during 2018 and 2019. A total of 1,559 samples were collected from 74 domestic pig farms. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays were performed using the A/Swine/Korea/25-13(H1N1), A/Swine/Korea/E102 (H1N2), and A/Swine/Korea/Cy10/2007 (H3N2) viruses as antigens. The HI assay results showed that 266 of the 1,559 samples were seropositive (17.0%). Among these, H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 comprised 7.3% (114), 6.0% (93), and 8.8% (137) of the 1,559 samples, respectively. Co-infections of H1N1/H1N2, H1N1/H3N2, H1N2/H3N2 and H1N1/H1N2/H3N2 were observed in 2.1% (31), 1.5% (23), 1.5% (24), and 0.8% (13) of the 1,559 samples, respectively. Interestingly, IAV infections were detected in all nine provinces of the country.

최근, 여러 분야에서의 AI가 빠르게 성장하였고 게임에서도 큰 발전이 있었다. 게임 AI에 대한 접근 방법은 여러 가지가 있다. 먼저 지도 학습 기반 접근 방법은 게임 플레이 데이터에서 학습하고, 플레이 행동을 흉내 낸다. 그러나, 지도 학습 기반 접근 방법은 입력 자질을 선형 조합하므로, 복잡한 문제에는 성능 향상에 한계가 있다. 선형 조합에 따른 성능 한계를 개선하기 위해, 딥 뉴럴 네트워크 기반 접근방법은 지역적 특성 및 전역적 특성을 개별적으로 각각 표현하기 위해 둘 이상의 뉴럴 네트워크를 사용한다. 그러나 딥 뉴럴 네트워크 기반 접근방법은 충분한 학습 집합이 필요하다. 학습 집합을 준비해야 하는 부담을 줄이기 위해서, 강화 학습 기반 접근 방식은 Agent가 먼저 Action을 하고 이에 따른 보상을 분석하여 학습한다. 즉, 이 접근방법은 Agent가 최대 보상을 받도록 학습한다. 본 논문에서는 강화 학습을 통해 여러 게임에서 학습하는 AI를 제안한다. 제안하는 AI 모델은 개별 게임에서 Local Agent가 플레이하고, 여러 Local Agent에서 Global Agent를 학습한다. 실험 결과, 한 게임에서 학습한 Agent는 학습했던 게임에서는 우수한 성능을 보여주었지만, 새로운 게임에서는 성능이 떨어졌다. 반면에, 두 게임에서 학습한 제안하는 Agent는 학습한 게임과 새로운 게임 모두에서 잘 적응했다.

A few importers of marine products has practiced ice glazing of frozen fish and forced water injection into small octopus to increase their weight. These rampant practices have recently become a serious social issue. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop non-destructive detection methods for verifying forced water injected frozen small octopus using dielectric properties. The weight and dielectric properties of live small octopuses imported from China were measured using an electronic scale and dielectric probe connected with vector network analyzer, respectively. The frequency range from 0.5 to 4 GHz was used for measurement of dielectric properties of small octopus samples. The moisture contents of live small octopuses were determined by convection drying at 105°C for 24 h. To increase weight of small octopus samples, each sample was placed in a container including 2% polyphosphate solution of 800 mL and was kept for 24 h in a refrigerator. Then, the sample was removed from the solution and was frozen at -35°C for 24 h. The moisture contents of live small octopuses were 81.6 ± 1.9% (wb). Regardless of weight of live small octopuses, dielectric constant (ε′) and dielectric loss factor (ε′′) were from 76.09 to 58.62 and from 101.95 to 28.72, respectively. The average weight gain of small octopuses immersed in the solution was approximately 40.6%. Dielectric constant (ε′) and dielectric loss factor (ε′′) of forced water injected small were from 78.18 to 66.71 and from 51.96 to 25.05, respectively. In addition, there was a significant difference between dielectric properties and penetration depth of fresh frozen and forced water injected frozen small octopuses. The results clearly showed that dielectric properties of small octopuses affected by moisture contents could be an important factor to detect forced water injected frozen small octopuses.

A xylan-decomposing Gram-positive bacterium, Cellulosimicrobium cellulans DY-8, was isolated from the gut of a wood-feeding longicorn beetle, Moechotypa diphysis. To amplify a partial fragment of the GH 10 β-1,4- xylanase (XylC) gene of strain DY-8, two degenerated oligonucleotide primers were designed based on strictly conserved regions (WDVVNE and ITELLDV) in the GH family 10 xylanolytic enzymes. The full gene (1488-bp) of XylC, which was predicted to encode a protein consisting of 495 amino acids with a molecular mass of 52.0 kDa and a calculated pI of 6.49, was cloned by repeated DNA walking and nested PCR protocols. The results of a protein blast survey showed that XylC was a β -1,4-xylanase comprised of an N-terminal catalytic GH10 domain (from Ser48 to Leu338) and a C-terminal RICIN domain (from Tyr359 to Leu492). This overall structure of XylC was 57% identical to that of Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110 β -1,4-xylanase (Accession number: YP_006265966), which has not yet been biochemically characterized.

A xylanolytic microorganism, strain DY-7, was isolated from the gut of the mole cricket, Gryllotalpa orientalis. The result of phylogenetic analysis based on its 16S rDNA sequence revealed that the isolate was a Gram-positive bacterium belonging to the genus Streptomyces. The cloned gene (1350-bp) encoding a GH family 10 β -1,4-xylanase (XylA) from Streptomyces sp. strain DY-7 was overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 and its gene products were characterized. The hydrolysis activities of rXylA and rXylAΔCBD II against xylosidic materials were maximum at pH 5.5 and 65oC. However, deletion of CBD II in the C-terminus region of XylA significantly increased the thermal stability of the enzyme at high temperatures above 50oC. The xylanolytic activity of rXylA was slightly enhanced in the presence of 1 mM Mn2+ and 5 mM sodium azide but it was completely inactivated by 1 mM Hg2+ and 5 mM N-bromosuccinimide. rXylA was capable of efficiently decomposing various xylosidic compounds, PNP-cellobioside, and PNP-xylopyranoside, whereas other hexose-based compounds were insensitive to the enzyme. The specific activities of rXylA toward oat spelts xylan and PNP-cellobioside were 649.8 U/mg and 328.1 U/mg, respectively. Enzymatic degradation of birchwood xylan and xylooligosaccharides (xylotriose to xylohexaose) resulted in the production of xylobiose (>75%) as the main hydrolysis product together with a small amount (4%<) of xylose as the final hydrolysis product.

The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae is a worldwide crop pest with a high insecticide resistance and an extensive host range. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of PaeciPora®, which was formulated from the aerial conidia of an entomopathogenic fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus strain HY-4, to control T. urticae in cucumber field. In the field study, conidia of P. lilacinus HY-4 and a chemical acaricide azocyclotin were investigated for their control of the adult females of T. urticae. The strain produced a mortality of 56.0% on day 3 and 63.6% on day 7 post-treatment respectively at 1×107 conidia/mL, and no evidence of a mortality benefit was seen in the control group. Additionally, in the pesticide injury test, no agrochemical damage was found in hot pepper, watermelon, Chinese cabbage, oriental melon or strawberry by spraying PaeciPora® on them. The results indicated the possibility of the use of P. lilacinus HY-4 as a microbiological control agent against T. urticae in the Integrated Pest Management program.

Myanmar, which has a total area of 678,500 square kilometers (262,000 sq mi), is the largest country in mainland Southeast Asia, and the 40th-largest in the world. It lies between latitudes 9° and 29°N, and longitudes 92° and 102°E. Much of the country lies between the Tropic Of Cancer and the Equator. It lies in the monsoon region of Asia, with its coastal regions receiving over 5,000 mm (196.9 in) of rain annually. Northern regions of the country are the coolest, with average temperatures of 21 ℃ (70 ℉). Coastal and delta regions have an average temperature of 32 ℃ (86.9 ℉). This expedition was conducted two times in two years. First, collecting expeditions of insect were conducted in Popa resort, Myanmar from Aug. 7, 2011 to Aug. 17, 2011. Second, collecting expeditions of Insect were conducted in Alaungdaw Kathapa National Park (AK National Park), Myanmar from Feb. 2, 2012 to Feb. 9, 2012. As a Protected area of the Forest department, these areas were almost natural conservation field and limited to collection actions. Usually on day time, butterflies collected by sweeping net, like various plants, they shows high diversity. Some Papilionidae species are difficult to meet because they fly very high and fast, usually they visit to top of trees. Up to now, 60 species of 7 families were confirmed. Materials are expected more than 100 species belonging to 10 families but it was difficult to identification because of lack of references of this areas. Among them, with rare species, manifold butterflies are provided with photos, ecological notes and activities of Myanmar.

Myanmar, which has a total area of 678,500 square kilometers (262,000 sq mi), is the largest country in mainland Southeast Asia, and the 40th-largest in the world. It lies between latitudes 9° and 29°N, and longitudes 92° and 102°E. Much of the country lies between the Tropic of Cancer and the Equator. It lies in the monsoon region of Asia, with its coastal regions receiving over 5,000 mm (196.6 in) of rain annually. Annual rainfall in the delta region is approximately 2,500 mm (98.4 in), while average annual rainfall in the Dry Zone, which is located in central Myanmar, is less than 1,000 mm (39.4 in). The average annual temperature is about 27℃(about 80℉). This expedition was conducted two times in two years (8.7~8.17, 2011; 2.2~2.9, 2012). As protected forest from government, these areas were almost natural conservation field. Pitfall trap, sweeping method, light trap and searching etc. were used to collect insect. As the result, totally about 30 families in Coleoptera was collected, among them Oodes species of Carabidae was highest number and species in Chrysomelidae, Cicindelodae, Scarabaeidae and Dynastidae etc., were collected. It was difficult to identification because of lack of references of this areas. Maybe lots of new or new recorded species will discover from Myanmar. Among Coleoptera species, with big sized beetles as the central figure, photos for species of dominant, rare, nominated species of new or new recorded were introduced, and also collecting sites and activities were presented.