Currently, the number of animals administered in animal hospitals and drugs prescriptions has increased. At the same time, the number of cases of violation of administrative measures due to violations of the Narcotics Control Act has also increased. Therefore, it is necessary to review whether the current status of drug prescriptions, management and supervision systems in animal hospitals are correct and whether there is anything to be supplemented. Although drug handling is managed through NIMS, there are problems such as poor supervision due to the NIMS single system, reporting exceptions that form blind spots for management supervision, and lack of connection between prescriptions and medical departments within the system. In order to overcome these problems, the following improvement plans are proposed. First, reduces the hassle of handling reports and facilitates verification of medical records and prescriptions by strengthening the link between NIMS and animal hospital electronic charts, and strengthens the link between drug handling reports of medical institutions and drug handling reports of animal hospitals to prevent exposure to medical shopping. Second, by introducing a preliminary notification system into the veterinary system, drug misuse is prevented through prior notification in accordance with the criteria for preventing misuse of animal drugs. Third, by modifying the NIMS reporting system by introducing disease classification symbols, the exact cause of the increase in use is identified by preparing drug use data for each disease. Based on these improvements, it is expected that a management system that reflects the actual medical environment of animal hospitals will be established and drug abuse will be prevented based on guidelines.

If the Universe is dominated by cold dark matter and dark energy as in the currently popular CDM cosmology, it is expected that large scale structures form gradually, with galaxy clusters of mass M & 1014M⊙ appearing at around 6 Gyrs after the Big Bang (z ∼ 1). Here, we report the discovery of 59 massive structures of galaxies with masses greater than a few times 1013M⊙ at redshifts between z = 0.6 and 4.5 in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey fields. The massive structures are identified by running top-hat filters on the two dimensional spatial distribution of magnitude-limited samples of galaxies using a combination of spectroscopic and photometric redshifts. We analyze the Millennium simulation data in a similar way to the analysis of the observational data in order to test the CDM cosmology. We find that there are too many massive structures (M > 7×1013M⊙) observed at z > 2 in comparison with the simulation predictions by a factor of a few, giving a probability of < 1/2500 of the observed data being consistent with the simulation. Our result suggests that massive structures have emerged early, but the reason for the discrepancy with the simulation is unclear. It could be due to the limitation of the simulation such as the lack of key, unrecognized ingredients (strong non-Gaussianity or other baryonic physics), or simply a difficulty in the halo mass estimation from observation, or a fundamental problem of the CDM cosmology. On the other hand, the over-abundance of massive structures at high redshifts does not favor heavy neutrino mass of ∼ 0.3 eV or larger, as heavy neutrinos make the discrepancy between the observation and the simulation more pronounced by a factor of 3 or more.

Male pheromone production and female reproduction of R.pedestris were evaluated on two different kinds of foods; sweet (non-astringent) persimmon and soybean. Male adults fed on soybean produced all the four pheromone components, (E)-2-hexenyl (Z)-3-hexenoate, (E)-2-hexenyl (E)-2-hexenoate, tetradecyl isobutyrate (C14iBu), octadecyl isobutyrate (C18iBu), whereas those fed on sweet persimmon did not produce C14iBu which is a key component in the function of the pheromone, and C18iBu. Female adults fed on soybean produced eggs, however, those fed on sweet persimmon did not at all. From these results, we concluded that host resource greatly affects the chemical communication and reproduction of both male and female of R.pedestris, and that sweet persimmon is not a proper food for its completion of life cycle.