This qualitative case study explores multilingual learners’ linguistic practices and how they are interrelated with their identities in the context of a Korean alternative school. The learners are two Chosunjok, and one North Korean refugee child. The data were derived from the learners’ digital storytelling videos, semi-structured interviews, stimulated-recall interviews, and observation field notes. The data were thematically analyzed and organized using Rose’s (2007) sites of visual meaning-making structure. The findings revealed that the learners had different amounts of access to information regarding second language learning, and that they depended on the resources available within the communities they belonged to. Moreover, the participants’ levels of investment in language learning were constructed around their communities and identities. Their attitudes in language learning were also interrelated with the broader English language ideologies in South Korea. By sharing the stories of three multilingual learners, the study provides pedagogical implications on the influence of resources on multilingual learners’ language learning. We emphasize the importance of providing a space for multilingual learners to critically reflect on current and future resources, utilize their full communicative repertoire, and identify ways to increase their affordances of learning.

빵의 소비가 증가함에 따라 제빵 성능을 향상시킬 수 있는 기술은 제빵 산업에서 중요한 주제가 되고 있다. 활성글루텐(vital gluten)은 밀가루에 물을 첨가하여 전분을 제거한 후 글루텐만을 건조시킨 단백질이다. 품질이 낮은 밀가루에 활성글루텐을 첨가하면 반죽에 탄성과 신장성을 부여하여 제빵성능을 향상할 수 있다. 현재 제빵 산업에서 활성글루텐이 많이 활용되고 있지만 이들의 화학적, 물리화학적 특성 및 품질 평가에 필요한 품질 파라미터들에 대해 이해가 부족한 실정이다. 본 총설에서는, 활성글루텐의 품질을 예측하기 위한 파라미터의 이해를 돕기 위하여 밀 글루텐 단백질의 종류와 역할, 밀 반죽에서 형성되는 글루텐 네트워크, 밀가루 품질에 영향을 미치는 요인, 활성글루텐의 제조공정, 활성글루텐의 품질에 영향을 미치는 요인, 마지막으로 활성글루텐의 물리적 특성을 효과적으로 평가할 수 있는 글루토피크(Glutopeak)에 대해 설명하고자 한다. 본 총설을 통해 반죽 리올로지 특성과 제빵 성능에 영향을 미치는 활성글루텐의 품질 파라미터를 이해하고, 제빵 산업에서 활용할 수 있도록 도움이 되길 기대한다.

In 2018, media reports raised issues related to radon released from building materials used as finishing materials in apartment houses. Accordingly, related ministries recommended not to use materials with a radiation index value exceeding 1. In order to calculate the radioactivity index, not only 226Ra producing radon (222Rn) but also 232Th and 40K radioactivity concentrations are required. To determine the concentration of the radionuclide, 40K is measured by a single gamma ray of 1,460.8 keV. And the 228Ac used to measure 232Th mainly utilizes gamma rays of 911.2 keV. However, 228Ac does not appear as a single peak unlike 40K, and appears as multiple peaks at various energies. Among them, gamma rays are emitted at a intensity of 0.83% at 1,459.2 keV, which is likely to interfere with 40K. Therefore, what is actually measured at 1,460.8 keV is theoretically a compound peak of 40K and 228Ac. Because the probability of emission at 1,459.2 keV (0.83%) is low, a low concentration of 232Th will result in little 40K radioactivity error. However, samples containing a high concentration of 232Th overestimate the 40K radioactive concentration, so correction is required. In this study, the IAEA standard substance (IAEA-RGTh-1) ontaining 232Th of actual high concentration was analyzed, and the results of the analysis without correction of 40K were compared and verified. As the 40K correction method, the 911.2 keV gamma-ray of 228Ac was used as the reference peak to separate the peak of 228Ac (1,459.2 keV) from the 40K (1,460.8 keV) mixed peaks. And, the coefficient value obtained by subtracting the peak of 228Ac (1,459.2 keV) from the 40K (1,460.8 keV) mixed peak was set to a pure peak of 40K and the radioactivity concentration was calculated therefrom. As a result of calculating the IAEA-RGTh-1 reference material without correction, it was confirmed that the 40K value was overestimated by about 38 times. If a measurement beyond the MDA of 40K is generated by 228Ac radioactivity because the 40K correction constant is not applied, there is an error in determining that there is 40K radioactivity. However, even if 40K radioactivity is overestimated due to the high concentration of 232Th, the degree to which this effect contributes to the radioactivity index is very small. However, as an analyst, 40K radioactivity correction should be made for more accurate analysis.

본 연구는 호남지방 소비자 들의 곤충 제품과 관련하여 식품구매 행동, 곤충제품에 대한 인식, 식용, 학습, 애완용, 사료용 곤충에 대한 인식 등에 대한 기초 자료를 얻고자 수행하였다. 연구의 대상은 광주, 전주, 순천 등 대도시 학생과 성인 230여명을 대상으로 2018년 5월부터 9월까지 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문조사 결과, 새로운 음식을 맛보는 소비자는 36%인고 맛보지 않는 소비자는 32%이지만 새로운 음식을 신뢰하는 소비자는 19%로 신뢰하지 않은 소비자 45%보다 더 적었으며 음식 재료를 모르면 맛보지 않은 소비자가 47%로 많지만 먹어 본적 없는 음식을 꺼리지 않고(46%), 까다롭지 않으며(45%), 무엇이든 잘 먹는(57%) 소비자가 더 많았다. 곤충 제품에 대한 인식은 곤충을 잘 알고 있으며(97%), 체험해보거나(89%), 구입해본 적이 있는(59%) 소비자가 더 많아 소비자들의 거부감이 크지 않음을 알 수 있었으며, 구입장소는 다양하고 주로 TV, 라디오를 통해(48%) 알게 되며 체험 종류나(59%), 구입 용도(63%)는 대부분 식,약용 곤충이었다. 식용곤충 구입은 어쩌다 한번이 79%로 아직까지 주기적으로 구입은 하지 않았으며 멋져 보이거나(54%), 건강을 생각하여(28%) 구입하는데 요리재료(46%), 건조, 튀김(24%) 형태로 누에(74%), 갈색거저리(6%), 흰점박이꽃무지(5%) 등을 구입하였다. 가격 만족도는 47%이며 품질(52%), 구입경로(53%), 맛(70%) 만족도도 긍정적으로 높았다.

Gryllus bimaculatus is one of many cricket species known as field crickets. Also known as the African or Mediterranean field cricket or as the two-spotted cricket, it can be discriminated from other Gryllus species by the two dot-like marks on the base of its wings. G.bimaculatus is a subtropical insect and widely distributed from Africa to south Asia. After into the country, The species are popular for use as a food source for insectivorous animals like spiders and reptiles kept as pets. In 2016, was approved as a general food ingredient by Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. However, domestic research on G.bimaculatus is still in its study is beginning stages. and analyze nutrtion elements as per dry conditions for processing&production of G.bimaculatus. The growth stage passing by 50 days after hatching was highest in general component and amino acid contents. The crickets passing by 50 days after hatching was highest 77% crude protein in condition hotair drying 60℃, 23% crude fat in condition freeze drying.

Oxya chinensis sinuosa Mistshenko(Orthoptera:Acrididae) was lived in clean and non polluted area. grasshopper was approved as a general food ingredient by Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. general component contents was 67~75% crude protein, 5~11% crude fat in a dried state. grasshopper is a high protein food. amino acids is high. In the composition and content of amino acids, which consists of the protein is the hightes alanine, glycine(soft and sweet) and arginine, histidine(essential amino acid of children) consequently, we developed a snack for children added with grasshopper powder. general composition of snack is 8~11% crude protein, 0.2~0.75% crude fat. The protein content increased with increasing addition ratio. 3% grasshopper powder was the best in general preference.

상주는 귀농 도시이자 농업 중심 도시로써 농업기술원을 유치할 만큼 생태학적 연구가치가 있는 친환경 도시이다. 특히 경천섬은 낙동강 본류에 있는 상주보 인근에 위치하고 있어 낙동강 생태 환경 연구의 중요 지역 중 하나이다. 하지만, 아직 경천섬에 대한 생물다양성 연구가 부족한 상태이다. 섬과 산지의 생태환경이 다르기 때문에 생물의 다양성도 다를 것이라 간주하고, 경천섬 주변의 생태학적 가치를 재조명할 기초자료를 조사하고자 한다. 이에 경천섬과 인근에 위치한 청룡사 길목 산지에 서식하는 곤충 채집을 통해 생물다양성을 조사하여 비교분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 채집방법은 직접잡기, 쓸어잡기, 함정트랩, 흡충관을 이용하였으며, 함정트랩에 사용된 유인제는 소주1.8ℓ와 빙초산350㎖를 혼합하여 사용하였다. 2018년 4월~8월 중 3회 채집과정을 수행하여 목표개체수를 확보하였고, 채집된 곤충은 에탄올을 채운 conical tube에 넣어 냉동실에 보관하여 보존성을 높였다. 채집과정에서 잡은 곤충들을 건조시키고 유사종끼리 분류하고 동정하는 과정을 거쳐 다양도지수, 우점도지수, 종풍부도지수, 종균등도지수, 유사도지수를 계산할 것이다. 기존에 알려지지 않았던 경천섬 일대의 생물다양성을 세세하게 분석하는 과정을 통해 경천섬의 생태학적 가치를 드러내고, 경천섬 일대의 자연환경관리와 보존에 필요한 정보나 체계적인 관리체계를 구축할 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다.

온라인 게임의 인기와 이용자 수가 늘면서, 경쟁에서 이기기 위해 불법 프로그램을 사용하는 부정행위자의 수도 늘고 있다. 본 연구는 인기 FPS 게임인 배틀그라운드의 로그 데이터와 해당 게임의 퍼블리싱을 맡은 카카오게임즈가 공개한 부정행위자 정보를 수집하여, 부정행위자가 게임 상에서 어떻게 행동하고 다른 플레이어들과 어울리는지 확인하였다. 부정행위자는 다른 플레이어로부터 배제되거나, 제재를 피하기 위해 소극적으로 활동할 것처럼 보일 수 있다. 하지만 데이터 분석 결과, 부정행위자는 정상 이용자보다 더 활발하게 게임을 이용하고 있으며 특히 팀플레이 모드를 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 부정행위자는 정상 이용자보다 더 많은 친구를 가지고 있었다. 부정행위자가 일부러 다른 플레이어와의 불화와 갈등을 야기한다는 측면을 제시한 선행 연구와 달리, 본 연구는 부정행위자가 팀 내에서 정상 이용자에 비해 더 많은 기여를 하고 있는 점 역시 발견하였다. 본 연구가 밝힌 온라인 게임 부정행위자의 특성은 부정행위 대응 방안 수립 시 참고할 수 있을 것이며, 다른 온라인 커뮤니티의 반사회적 행위자 특성을 파악하는 데에도 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

The Chrysomelid species of the genus Morphosphaera, M. japonica Hornstedt, 1788 is reported for the first time from South Korea. The genus Morphosphaera Baly, 1861, within subfamily Galerucinae, contains eighteen species, and is distributed Palearctic region. In the present study we report on the genus Morphosphaera Baly, 1861 from Korea for the first time, based on M. japonica Hornstedt, 1788. We provide the habitus photographs, illustrations of diagnostic features and a key to the genus in S. Korea.

Seagrasses, sea flowering plants, comprise approximately 60 species globally and are often called ‘ecosystem engineers’ because they create their own habitats by modifying the surrounding environments, which provide coastal zones with a number of crucial ecosystem services. Zostera marina (the common name ‘eelgrass’) is one of the seagrass beds-forming species distributed widely in northern hemisphere including the Korean coast, which plays a pivotal role in ecosystem as a primary producer and a nursery habitat or refuge for other marine organisms. However, due to global climate change and anthropogenic activities such as reclamation and dredging, there has recently been a drastic decline in population sizes of Z. marina in Korea. In order to develop effective conservation and restoration management programs of Z. marina populations, it would be helpful to consider all biological aspects of this species such as genetic characteristics as well as ecological and physiological features. This study first provides information on genetic diversity and genetic structure of Jeju Island and Namhae populations of Z. marina, which will contribute to the establishment of appropriate conservation and restoration management plans for future persistence of this species. Using six microsatellite markers, we investigated the level of genetic diversity and genetic structure among 10 geographic populations of Z. marina inhabiting Jeju Island (Hamdeok, Tokki-seom, Sungsan, Woljeong, Ojo) and Namhae (Gamak bay, Jindong bay, Nampo, Anggang bay, Geoje) on the southern coast of Korea. The level of genetic diversity within Jeju populations (mean allelic richness [AR]: 1.57 ~ 3.09) was found to be significantly lower than Namhae populations (AR: 3.09 ~ 4.29) (Mann-Whitney U-test, P < 0.05). These findings suggest that effective population sizes (Ne) of Jeju populations are generally smaller than those of Namehae populations. Within Jeju Island, Hamdeok population had the smallest population size (coverage: 138 m2) and the lowest genetic diversity (AR: 1.57), while Ojo population had the largest population size (coverage: 275,736 m2) and the greatest level of genetic diversity (AR: 3.09). Hamdeok population showed evidence of genetic bottleneck. These results again suggest that Ne of Jeju populations is generally low (except Ojo population). Among Jeju populations, all pair-wise comparisons of FST values (i.e., degree of genetic differentiation) were highly significant (FST = 0.0612 ~ 0.7168, P < 0.001) despite Jeju populations that were geographically closely located, indicating that these local populations are genetically divergent, probably due to a lack of gene flow among the populations. The observed strong population structure was substantiated by evidence that five genetic clusters are most likely, based on population assignment test (STRUCTURE). The Mantel test showed a positive relationship between genetic distance (FST) and geographic distance (km) across all the populations sampled (R2 = 0.4118, P < 0.05), suggesting that our data follow Isolation By Distance (IBD) model. Woljeong population revealed the highest level of FST values compared to other populations within Jeju Island in IBD. STRUCTURE and factorial correspondence analysis (FCA) further showed that some Woljeong individuals included genotypes of Namhae populations. Population size of Woljeong (coverage: 310m2) was approximately 50 % smaller than that of Sungsan (coverage: 841m2); however, extent of its genetic diversity (AR: 2.39) was even higher than that of Sungsan population (AR: 1.77). We speculated that Woljeong population underwent a transplantation from Namhae populations with relatively higher level of genetic diversity. FST values within Namhae populations were relatively lower (compared to within Jeju Island) despite the populations that were geographically more distant. It means that level of gene flow is higher among Namhae populations than among Jeju populations. Z. marina is known to have different life histories by water depth. In subtidal zone (deep water depth) populations predominantly undertake sexual reproduction through seeds such as annual life history, whereas those of intertidal zone (shallow water depth) undertake both sexual and asexual reproductions through horizontal rhizomes i.e., perennial life history. STRUCTURE analysis showed no clear differences between shallow and deep populations at Namhae, but some FST values were statistically significantly different despite their low values. For Geoje population sampled in 2005, intertidal and subtidal populations were not significantly different (FST = 0.0045, P = 0.033), but these populations sampled in 2015 showed a significant difference (FST = 0.0328, P < 0.001). It means that genetic structure of Geoje has been changed over the 10 year period between shallow and deep populations. Overall, the Jeju and Namehae populations analyzed in the current study have relatively low levels of genetic diversity and distinct genetic compositions, which warns the message that this ecologically important species should be conserved separately in the local populations and with high priority. We propose that future conservation and restoration plans for seagrasses should consider genetic characteristics particularly because a close relationship between genetic diversity and ecological performance in marine species has been well documented.

This study fabricated low thermal conductive polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fibers containing cellulose particles while maintaining their mechanical properties. The high thermal conductivity of carbon fibers limits their application as a high temperature insulator in various systems such as an insulator for propulsion parts in aerospace or missile systems. By controlling process parameters such as the heat treatment temperature of the cellulose particles and the amount of cellulose added, the thermal and mechanical properties of the PANbased carbon fibers were investigated. The results show that it is possible to manufacture composite carbon fibers with low thermal conductivity. That is, thermal conductivities were reduced by the cellulose particles in the PAN based carbon fibers while at the same time, the tensile strength loss was minimized, and the tensile modulus increased.

The Chrysomelid species of the genus Xanthogaleruca, X. aenescens Fairmaire, 1878 is reportd for the first time from South Korea. The genus Xanthogaleruca Laboissiére, 1934, within subfamily Galerucinae, contains only nine species, and is distributed Palearctic region (Beenen, 2010), but one adventive species, X. luteola (Müller, 1766), is widespread throughout much of Canada, North Africa and the United States. Also known as the elm leaf beetle, it feed on Ulmus (Ulmaceae). In the present study we report on the genus Xanthogaleruca Laboissiére, 1934 from Korea for the first time, based on X. aenescens Fairmaire, 1878. We provide the habitus photographs, illustrations of diagnostic features and a key to the genus in S. Korea.