This study examines the reinterpretation and application of imagery from Greek goddesses in modern fashion brands, focusing on symbolic meaning and design strategies. Using qualitative case studies of selected global luxury and outdoor fashion brands, it analyzes four goddess archetypes—Hera, Aphrodite, Athena, and Artemis— and examines how their mythological attributes are translated into modern fashion expressions and brand identities. Hera embodies authority and order, is reflected in luxury fashion through structured silhouettes, refined tailoring, and classical aesthetics that emphasize dignity and formality. Aphrodite symbolizes beauty and sensuality through designs that highlight the body, use fluid materials, and express femininity, reframing sensuality as an empowered form of self-representation. Athena, embodying wisdom and martial strength, is reinterpreted as the image of the intelligent and autonomous modern woman through architectural silhouettes, armor-inspired details, and a restrained yet powerful visual language. In contrast, Artemis represents nature, independence, and guardianship, reflected in outdoor fashion brands through sustainability-driven practices, functional design, and ethical management instead of explicit visual symbols. The findings indicate that contemporary fashion brands selectively adapt mythological archetypes fit brand values, consumer identities, and broader socio-cultural discourses, including feminism and sustainability. This study contributes to fashion and cultural studies by demonstrating the continued relevance of ancient mythological symbolism in contemporary fashion branding.

우리나라 자생식물인 와송, 영동바위솔, 가지바위솔, 제주바위 솔을 대상으로 GA가 휴면과 추대에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 플라스틱온실에서 실험을 수행하였다. 와송과 영동바위솔은 대조구를 포함 모든 처리구에서 휴면이 시작되었다가 휴면이 타파되는 현상이 관찰되었으며, GA3 50-200 mg·L-1 스프레이처 리는 휴면타파를 촉진시키는 효과가 인정되었다. 하지만 실험개 시 80일까지도 추대나 화서신장이 관찰되지 않아 개화촉진 효과 는 보이지 않았다. 가지바위솔과 제주연화바위솔에서는 휴면현상 이 나타나지 않았으며, 추대개시와 화서신장이 관찰되었다. GA3 처리는 추대개시가 단기간에 완성되는 경향이 있었고 화서신장을 촉진하는 효과가 있었다. 하지만 실험 종료일까지 대조구를 포함 한 어떤 처리구에서도 소화의 개화는 관찰되지 않았다.

본 연구는 향기가 강한 장미를 선발하고 이화학적 향기 특성 을 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 향기가 있는 장미 라인의 꽃 향기 는 향분석기와 MOS타입 전자코를 이용하여 향 강도와 패턴을 조사하였다. 향기 분석 결과, 장미 라인들 중 ‘RosaScentNIHHS1’ 이 가장 높은 향 강도를 나타냈으며, 전자코 데이터의 주성분분 석(PCA)과 판별함수분석(DFA) 결과, 다른 계통과 뚜렷이 구분 되는 향기 패턴을 보였다. 또한 ‘RosaScentNIHHS1’과 모부본 품종인 ‘위스퍼’ 꽃잎의 휘발성 화합물을 헤드스페이스-고체상미 세추출법(HS-SPME)과 가스크로마토그래피-질량분석기(GC-MS) 를 이용하여 분석하였다. ‘RosaScentNIHHS1’의 주요 휘발성 화합물은 3,5-dimethoxytoluene, citronellol, geraniol이었 으며, 모부본 품종 ‘위스퍼’의 주요 화합물은 3,5-dimethoxytoluene 및 cis-3-hexenyl acetate, 4-vinyl anisole이었다. 두 계통 은 화합물 조성과 각 성분의 상대 성분비에서 상당한 차이를 나타냈다. 본 연구 결과는 향기 특성을 기반으로 한 천연 화훼 자원 개발을 위한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

본 연구는 고온기 포인세티아 ‘플레임’의 안정적 재배를 위한 주간온도 관리기준을 제시하고자 수행되었다. 야간 온도를 26℃로 고정한 야간 고온 조건에서 주간 온도를 30℃, 33℃, 36℃, 39℃로 7주간 처리하였다. 39/26℃ 처리구는 5일 이내 전 개체가 고사하였고, 36/26℃ 처리구의 생존율은 60%로 감 소하였다. 초장, 초폭, 분지수는 30/26℃와 33/26℃ 처리구 간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 36/26℃ 처리구는 30/26℃에 비해 각각 29.5%, 30.9%, 27.5% 감소하였다. 신엽 발생은 온도 상승에 따라 급격히 줄어들어 36/26℃에서는 평균 2.3 개로 거의 발생하지 않았다. 27/20℃에 비해 고온처리구에서 엽장은 20.3%~37.6%, 엽폭은 56.4%~57.1% 감소하여 엽장/ 엽폭 비가 증가하였다. F v/Fm과 NDVI는 처리간 큰 차이가 없었 으나, ELP는 36/26℃에서 38%로 증가하였다. 광합성 속도는 27/20℃에서 가장 높았고, 30/26℃와 33/26℃는 유사하였으 나 36/26℃ 처리구는 1,000μmol·m-2·s-1의 광도에서도 0에 가까웠다. 또한 36/26℃에서 증산속도와 세포간 CO₂ 농도가 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 따라서 주간 33℃ 이상에서 포인세 티아 ‘플레임’은 생리적･형태적 장해가 급격히 증가할 수 있으 므로, 고온기 안정적인 재배를 위해서는 주간 온도를 최소한 33℃ 이하로 관리할 필요가 있을 것으로 판단된다.

장미 ‘Sahara’는 국립원예특작과학원에서 2022년에 육성한 분홍톤 아이보리 스프레이 장미 품종으로 2013년 빨간색 스프레 이 품종 ‘Fangfare’에 아이보리색 스프레이 품종 ‘Vivien’을 부본으로 인공 교배 하였다. 총 73개의 교배 실생을 얻었으며 2015년부터 1, 2, 3차 특성검정을 통해,화색과 화형이 안정적이 며 생산성 및 절화 특성이 우수한 ‘원교 D1-360’을 최종 선발하 여 2022년 ‘Sahara’로 명명하고 국립종자원에 품종보호 출원· 등록하였다(등록번호 제9771호). 장미 ‘Sahara’ 품종은 분홍톤 크림색(155D)의 꽃잎수는 71.5매인 겹꽃으로 화폭과 화고는 각각 4.9, 3.1cm이며 소화수가 7.4개/줄기인 스프레이 장미이 다. 장미 ‘Sahara’ 품종의 절화장은 평균 73.8cm로 대조 품종 ‘Pink shin’56.9cm 대비 길며, 절화 수명은 약 17.8일로 ‘Pink shin’ 15.6일 보다 2일 정도 길다. ‘Sahara’는 절화 생산량은 연간 168본/m2로 ‘Pink Shine’ 140본 대비 생산량이 많다. 전자코를 이용한 PCA분석결과 주성분1과 2는 각각 99.3%와 0.6%로 전체 변이량의 99.9%를 반영하고 있다. Rader plot 분석결과 P10/2,P40/1 및 T30/1 센서 반응이 높았으며 총 6개 센서에서 모두 ‘Sahara’는 대조품종 ‘Pink Shine’에 비해 반응이 낮았다. 절화용 스프레이 장미 ‘Sahara’ 품종은 파스텔톤 의 중형 소화로, 균일한 절화 품질 및 우수한 수량으로 재배농가 의 선호도가 높아 국내에서 많이 재배될 것으로 기대된다.

Silene baccifera (L.) Roth, belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae and the genus Silene, is a perennial herb that grows naturally in mountainous and field areas throughout Korea. The young shoots are edible, the whole plant is used medicinally, and the small star-shaped flowers have high ornamental value. Although this species is classified as Least Concern (LC) in the Korean Red List, studies on propagation and basic physiological information remain insufficient. This study was conducted to establish a foundation for propagation using seeds and to elucidate germination characteristics. Seed dissection revealed that the embryo was fully developed and of the peripheral type according to Martin’s classification, indicating the absence of morphological dormancy (MD). A 72-hour imbibition test showed a water permeability was 39.8 ± 2.26%, indicating the absence of physical dormancy (PY). The optimum germination temperatures were 20/10 °C and 25/15 °C, showing high germination percentage of 86.6% and 81.6%, respectively. As a result of GA3 treatments (0, 10, 100, and 1000 mg·L-1), the final germination percentage at 15/6 °C with GA3 1000 mg·L-1 was 47.6 ± 6.7%, compared with only 5.06 ± 2.9% in the control. Therefore, it is concluded that S. baccifera seeds possess physiological dormancy (PD). The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the systematic development of propagation and long-term conservation strategies for Silene baccifera.

Gueldenstaedtia verna (Georgi) Boriss., a rare legume species native to limited parts of Korea, was studied to investigate its seed dormancy type and optimal conditions for its germination. Morphological and anatomical observations confirmed that the seeds possess a fully developed foliate-bent embryo and a hard, colliculate yellow seed coat. Water imbibition tests showed only a 5.1 ± 2.6% increase in seed weight after 72 h, indicating the occurrence of physical dormancy due to an impermeable seed coat. No germination occurred under any constant or alternating temperature regimes (4, 15/6, 20/10, or 25/15°C) in non-scarified seeds, nor under two seasonal simulation regimes (Move A: from winter to summer; Move B: from summer to winter). However, scarification of seeds (using sandpaper, a needle prick [0.1 mm depth], or sulfuric acid) significantly improved germination. Seeds scarified with sandpaper or a needle prick achieved 100% germination within 1 week at 25/15°C, while sulfuric acid treatments (5 and 10 min) resulted in germination rates of 13.3% and 58.3%, respectively. These results confirm that G. verna seeds exhibit physical dormancy only and require scarification for immediate germination, with relatively high temperatures (25/15°C) being most effective. These findings deepen our understanding of the seed ecology of this rare species and provide useful insights for its conservation and potential horticultural application.

Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a prevalent condition that thereby reducing quality of life (QOL) in adult women. Therefore, it is important to assess the impact of UI on daily functioning, social participation, and sexual health. The Incontinence Quality of Life (I-QOL) and the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ) are the most widely used assessment tools. The I-QOL focuses on emotional impacts, whereas the IIQ targets activity-related limitations. Using both instruments could provide a more comprehensive assessment; however, this approach increases administration time and introduces redundancy. Objects: This study aimed to develop a concise questionnaire to assess the QOL in patients with UI by merging the Korean version I-QOL and IIQ through Rasch analysis. Methods: A total of 250 women aged 40–69 who had experienced UI were recruited. The combined responses from the 52 items of a questionnaire integrating I-QOL and IIQ were analyzed using Rasch analysis to evaluate item difficulty and separation reliability. Misfit items were excluded and the remaining items were converted into logit values to determine the order of item difficulty. The separation reliability was evaluated using person and item separation indices. Results: By analyzing item difficulty, redundant items with overlapping levels were excluded while retaining the most significant ones, resulting in a final selection of 10 items. Upon reanalysis of these 10 items, the person separation index decreased from 4.96 to 2.47, and the person reliability index decreased from 0.96 to 0.86. However, the item separation index remained high at 7.29 and 7.59, and item reliability index remained at 0.98. Conclusion: The brief questionnaire maintained high reliability and demonstrated the potential for streamlined clinical assessment. The brief instrument offers a reliable and efficient tool for clinical assessment, enhancing the feasibility of evaluating the severity, type, and impact of UI on patients’ QOL.

Veterinary drugs can remain as residues in animal-derived food products, and therefore, many countries conduct residue monitoring programs for imported livestock products. However, because the types and authorizations of veterinary drugs vary among countries, it is necessary for importing nations to establish residue monitoring systems tailored to their specific circumstances. This study aimed to develop an algorithm to quantitatively evaluate and score the risk of veterinary drug residues that may be present in imported livestock products, thereby enabling risk-based prioritization. The overall risk score was calculated as the product of exposure and toxicity factors. To minimize uncertainty, the algorithm utilized objective and accessible data obtained from both domestic and international sources. The exposure factor was determined using the number of residue violations and the estimated exposure value, which was calculated based on withdrawal periods and maximum residue limits (MRLs). The toxicity factor was evaluated using the acceptable daily intake (ADI) and the regulatory importance of the substances. The regulatory importance was classified according to the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) ranking criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH), while substances not covered by these classifications were ranked based on their impact on the human intestinal microbiota. According to the results of residue violation grading by country and substance, when focusing on meat (excluding dairy products), the United States had the highest number of Grade 5 substances (seven), followed by Canada, Brazil, Mexico, Spain, Uruguay, and Chile, which each contained Grade 5 substances. In domestic livestock products, 14 substances—including cefazolin and amoxicillin—were classified as Grade 5 in beef, eight substances—including amoxicillin and cefquinome—as Grade 5 in pork, and bifenthrin as a Grade 5 substance in poultry. Based on MRL grading, phenylbutazone, norgestomet, and flumethasone were classified as Grade 5 in beef; phenylbutazone, altrenogest, and flumethasone in pork; and phenylbutazone and dexamethasone in poultry. For ADI-based grading, oleandomycin, cefadroxil, avilamycin, norgestomet, and dexamethasone were identified as Grade 5 substances. Withdrawal period grading indicated that gentamicin was categorized as Grade 5 across all livestock types, including cattle, swine, poultry, and milk. In terms of regulatory importance, danofloxacin, ceftiofur, spiramycin, erythromycin, and enrofloxacin were classified as Grade 5 substances. The risk-prioritization algorithm developed in this study identified five substances—ampicillin, closantel, phenylbutazone, ractopamine, and zeranol—as having the highest possible risk score (25 points) in imported beef. This algorithm enables risk-based prioritization using the results of national residue monitoring programs conducted by exporting countries, thereby allowing importers to establish inspection priorities tailored to their own contexts. Consequently, the developed algorithm can be effectively utilized to identify high-risk veterinary drugs by exporting country and livestock type, supporting the establishment of more efficient monitoring plans for imported livestock products.

In this study, we investigated the effects of aging treatment on the physicochemical, mechanical, and barrier properties of edible composite films prepared from shellac (Sh) and cellulose nanofiber (CNF) with different blending ratios. Sh–CNF films (0%, 20%, and 50% CNF) were fabricated and subjected to aging for 7 days at 40°C and 53% relative humidity. Film thickness was found to decline with both CNF incorporation and aging, whereas there were corresponding increases in opacity, particularly in Sh-rich films. In addition, the moisture content and water solubility of films declined at higher CNF ratios, and aging contributed to further reductions in moisture content, although had no significant effects on water solubility. Color analysis revealed that aging promoted the yellowing of pure Sh films, whereas the addition of CNF mitigated these changes. The findings of mechanical analysis revealed that CNF enhanced tensile strength, yield stress, Young’s modulus, and work of break, although reduced elongation at break. Aging contributed to further enhancements of strength and stiffness, along with a reduction in flexibility, although the magnitude of change diminished at higher CNF contents. Furthermore, the findings of gas barrier analysis indicated that CNF was associated with reductions in oxygen permeability, although promoted increases in water vapor permeability, with aging having the opposite effects. Collectively, these findings revealed that the functional properties of Sh–CNF films can be tailored via controlled aging and blending, thereby highlighting the potential utility of these films as edible packaging materials.

Encapsulating living cells within porous crystalline materials has emerged as a powerful strategy for improving cellular stability in chemically or physically harsh conditions. In this study, individual yeast cells were encapsulated with a zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) crystals via a biomimetic self-assembly process. Morphological analysis using electron microscopy confirmed the successful formation of a uniform and continuous protective shell around each cell. To evaluate the cytoprotective effect of the ZIF-8 coating, the encapsulated yeast cells were exposed to a range of pH conditions (pH 2~12). Fluorescence microscopy using fluorescein diacetate (FDA) staining revealed that over 50 % of the ZIF-8 encapsulated cells remained viable in alkaline environments (pH 8, 10, and 12), whereas non-encapsulated yeast cells showed 0 % viability across all tested conditions. The enhanced survival in alkaline media was attributed to the stability of the crystalline ZIF-8 shell, which remained partially intact and provided structural protection. In contrast, acidic conditions degraded the ZIF-8 shell, leading to cell membrane rupture and loss of viability. These findings demonstrate that ZIF-8 encapsulation can significantly improve the chemical resilience and survival of living yeast cells. This strategy holds great promise for applications in long-term cell preservation, transport, and pH-responsive biotechnological systems.

Flavonoids extracted from the roots of Petasites japonicus were evaluated for their cytoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-aging effects. The MTT assay confirmed that cell viability remained above 95% across concentrations up to 12 μg/mL, indicating no cytotoxicity. The extract demonstrated strong DPPH radical scavenging activity in a concentration-dependent manner, reaching 86.7% at 12 μg/mL, which is comparable to vitamin C. ROS scavenging activity also increased with dosage, showing significant suppression at concentrations of 6 μg/mL and above, thus effectively mitigating oxidative stress. Collagen synthesis assays revealed an initial decrease at low concentrations, followed by a clear recovery and significant enhancement at higher doses (10–12 μg/mL). Additionally, the extract inhibited collagenase activity, with notable suppression occurring at concentrations above 10 μg/mL, suggesting protective effects against collagen degradation. Elastase activity was reduced in a dose-dependent manner, achieving over 60% inhibition at 10–12 μg/mL. These results imply that flavonoids have dual functions: they stimulate collagen production while suppressing the enzymes that degrade collagen and elastin. The strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of these flavonoids likely contributes to their protective effects on dermal structure and function. Collectively, these findings highlight the potential of flavonoids as promising natural ingredients for anti-aging cosmetics and skin health applications.