광릉 숲의 곤충상 조사는 1932년으로 거슬러 올라간다. 광릉 숲의 경로조사법에 의한 나비상 모니터링 연구는 1998년부터 2023년까지 지속되었다. 26년 동안 총 223회 조사를 실시한 결과 118종, 20,181개체가 확인되었다. 봄철 출현하는 나비중 8종(노랑나비, 대만흰나비, 먹부전나비, 멧팔랑나비, 쇳빛부전나비, 애호랑나비, 큰줄흰나 비, 흰줄표범나비)은 첫 출현일이 빨라지는 경향을 보였으며, 평균 5.2일 빨라졌다. 조사된 나비중에서 큰줄흰나 비, 뿔나비, 남방부전나비 순서로 많은 개체수가 확인되었으며, 연 출현 빈도는 큰줄흰나비가 26회로 가장 많았다. 확인된 나비의 분포, 서식지, 식성에 따라 분류한 결과 분포는 북방계 27%, 남방계 14%이며, 서식지는 산림 경계 36%, 산림 내부 33%, 초지 30% 그리고 식성은 다식성 8%, 단식성 42%, 협식성 51%로 이루어진 것이 확인되었다. 또한, 기후변화 따른 나비류 생활주기 변화 여부를 검토하여 지구온난화 지표 자료로 활용할 계획이다.

Nicrophorus Fabricius, 1775, commonly known as necrophagous beetle, is associated with vertebrate carrion. Up to date, the genus consists of 72 species worldwide. In recent years, various phylogenetic studies explored on the evolution and relationship of the species in the genus. However, morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies produced conflicting results, continuing the problem over whether Nicrophrous quadraticollis is monotypic or not. The present study is to report the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of N. quadraticollis that was sequenced in prior to a systematic research of Silphinae. It was 17,747bp in length and comprised 12 protein-coding genes(PCGs), 2 rRNA Genes, 22 tRNA Genes and one non-coding region. The nucleotide composition is 40.9% for A, 36.7% for T, 9.0% for G and 13.4% for C.

Fall armyworm (FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda) is a major pest worldwide, and since its first domestic invasion was confirmed in 2019, its damage has been steadily increasing in crops such as corn until recently. In order to provide basic data for the management of FAW, we conducted a comparison of host preference and nutritional composition analysis of corn varieties. A total of 12 varieties of corn were selected for the experiment. To investigate the preference among the varieties, we examined the host preferences at the population level and the individual level, and found no statistically significant differences. In the population-level experiment, the highest damage rate was observed for Saekso 4 and the lowest for Heukgeom 2. In the individual-level experiment, the highest damage rate was found for Kangilok and the lowest for Oryun 2 when using leaves, and the highest for Saekso 1 and the lowest for Dreamok when using stems. As a result, the population-level and individual-level results were not consistent, suggesting that FAW's corn variety preference is not clear and may vary depending on various conditions such as corn tissue. Composition analysis of the 12 varieties showed no correlation between composition and FAW preference among the varieties, and considering the feeding behavior of FAW, which are highly polyphagous, it is recommended to control FAW as early as possible to improve control effectiveness.

본 논문은 회분식 반응기에서 습식 산화법으로 합성한 칼륨 페레이트(VI)에 의한 난분해성 아조 염료Reactive Black 5의 분해 과정을 연구하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 수용액에서 RB5의 분해는 pH, Ferrate (VI) 투입량, 초기 농도, 수용액 온도 등 다양한 변수의 조건에서 연구되었다. RB5 경우에는 최대 분해 효율은 pH 7.0에서 63.2%가 달성되었으며, 이 실험 조건에서 얻은 kapp 값은 190.49 M-1s-1 으로 나타났다. 온도 또한 가장 중요한 매개 변수 중 하나로 연구되었으며, 그 결과로부터 온도(45°C까지)를 증가시키면 페레이트(VI)에 의한 아조 화합물 염료의 분해 효율이 증가하고, 온도가 45°C를 초과하면 분해 효율이 저하되는 것으로 나타났다.

본 연구에서는 한국산 미기록속인 이마줄불청객파리속(신칭)과 미기록종인 작은눈이마줄불청객파리(신칭)를 처음으로 보고한다. 우리는 이 종이 포식성 거미의 섭식과정에 관여하는 phoretic relationship의 습성을 갖는 것을 확인하였다. 이 종의 성충에 대한 기재문과 사진 및 DNA바 코드 서열을 제공한다.

In this study, we examined the antagonistic effects of sprout-borne lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. This antagonism is promoted as a means of controlling contamination during sprout production and provides additional LAB for consumers. We isolated a total of 24 LAB isolates in nine species and five genera from seven popular vegetable sprouts: alfalfa (Medicago sativa), clover (Trifolium pratense), broccoli (Brassica oleracea ssp. italica), vitamin (B. rapa ssp. narinosa), red radish (Raphanus sativus), red kohlrabi (B. oleracea var. gongylodes), and Kimchi cabbage (B. campestris var. pekinensis). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, the LAB species were identified as Enterococcus casseliflavus, E. faecium, E. gallinarum, E. mundtii, Lactococcus taiwanensis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Weissella cibaria, and W. confusa. A total of 16 LAB isolates in seven species including E. faecium, E. gallinarum, E. mundtii, L. taiwanensis, L. mesenteroides, P. pentosaceus, and W. cibaria showed antagonistic activity toward S. enterica. The growth inhibition of sprout LAB on S. enterica was confirmed by co-culture. Unexpectedly, sprout LAB failed to suppress the growth of S. enterica in alfalfa sprouts, whereas all LAB strains stimulate S. enterica growth even if it is not significant in some strains. The findings of this study indicate that S. enterica-antagonistic LAB are detrimental to food hygiene and will contribute to further LAB research and improved vegetable sprout production.

This study presents a rapid and sequential radiochemical separation method for Pu and Am isotopes in radioactive waste samples from the nuclear power plant with anion exchange resin and TRU resin. After radionuclides were leached from the radioactive waste samples with concentrated HCl and HNO3, the sample was allowed to evaporate to dryness after filtering the leaching solution with 0.45 micron filter. The Pu isotopes were separated in HNO3 medium with anion exchange resin. For leaching solution passed through anion exchange column, the Am isotopes were separated with TRU resin. The purified Pu and Am isotopes were measured by alpha spectrometer, respectively, after micro-precipitation of neodymium. The sequential radiochemical separation of Pu and Am isotopes in radioactive waste samples using anion exchange resin and TRU resin was validated with ICP-MS system.

In this study, we introduce the validation of the analysis guidelines through preliminary experiments of the draft analysis guidelines before analyzing waste materials (non-combustible). This validation data was applied the accuracy and efficiency of the separation and analysis for the waste such as steel generated from NPP. Steel (non-flammable) was leached the mixed acid and the leaching solution was separated by using the separation guidelines. Steel was corroded with radioactive RM (Co-60, Cs-137) and mixed acid. After drying, the corroded steel was measured the initial radioactivity by a HPGe detector (10,000 seconds). The sample was inserted in a beaker and leached with mixed acid (10 M HNO3 + 4 M HCl) for 2 hours. In this solution, it added 2 ml of H2O2 to increase the leaching effect. The ultrasonic device was adjusted so that the temperature does not exceed 60°C. After elution, the surface of the sample was washed with pure water. The weight of the sample was measured accurately, and recorded the weight loss rate after infiltration. The leaching sample was measured radioactivity by a HPGe detector (10,000 seconds). It was calculated the recovery rate based on the difference in total radioactivity before and after leaching. Before the test, radioactive RM (Co-60, Cs-137) was radioactive deposited by corrosion, but Cs- 137 was not detected in the initial gamma measurement and only Co-60 nuclides were deposited. The recovery rate test results were confirmed to be about 100%.

The operation of nuclear facilities involves the potential for on-site contamination of soil, primarily resulting from pipe leaks and other operational incidents. Globally, decommissioning process for commercial nuclear power plants have revealed huge-amounts of soil waste contaminated with Cs-137, Sr-90, Co-60, and H-3. For example, Connecticut Yankee in the United States produced approximately 52,800 ton of contaminated soil waste, constituting 10% of the total waste generated during its decommissioning. Environmental remediation costs associated with nuclear decommissioning in the US averaged $60 million per unit, representing a significant 10% of the whole decommissioning expenses. Consequently, this study undertook a preliminary investigation to identify important factors for establishing a site remediation strategy based on radionuclide- and site-specific media- characteristics, focusing the efficiency enhancement for the environmental remediation. The factors considered for this investigation were categorized into physical/environmental, socioeconomic, technical, and management aspects. Physical/environmental factors contained the site characteristics, contamination levels, and environmental sensitivity, while socio-economic factors included the social concerns and economic costs. Technical and management factors included subcategories such as technical considerations, policy aspects, and management factors. Especially, technical factors were further subdivided to consider the site reuse potential, secondary waste generation by site remediation, remediation efficiency, and remediation time. Additionally, our study focused the key factors that facilitate the systematic planning for the site remediation, considering the distribution coefficient (Kd) and hydrogeological characteristics associated with each radionuclide in specific site conditions. Therefore, key factors in this study focus the geochemical characteristics of site media including the particle size distribution, chemical composition, organic and inorganic constituents, and soil moisture content. Moreover, the adsorption properties of site media were examined concerning the distribution coefficient (Kd) of radionuclides and their migration characteristics. Furthermore, this study supported the development of a conceptual framework, containing the remediation strategies that incorporate the mobility of radionuclides, according to the site-specific media. This conceptual framework would necessitate the spatial analysis techniques involving the whole contamination surveys and radionuclide mobility modeling data. By integrating these key factors, the study provides the selection and simulation of optimal remediation methods, ultimately offering the estimated amounts of radioactive waste and its disposal costs. Therefore, these key factors offer foundational insights for designing the site remediation strategies according the sitespecific information such as the distribution coefficient (Kd) and hydrogeological characteristics.

Republic of Korea is preparing to decommission Kori Unit 1 and Wolsong Unit 1. Decommissioning of a nuclear power plant proceeds in the following stages: shutdown, transition period, decontamination, cutting, waste treatment, and site restoration. When nuclear power plant is decommissioned, It is expected that approximately 80,000 drums of radioactive waste will be generated per nuclear power plant. Therefore, various technologies are being researched and developed to reduce this to approximately 14,500 drums. Technologies for waste volume reduction are largely mechanical and electrical/thermal methods. Representative examples of mechanical volume reduction technologies include super compactors and electrical/thermal volume reduction technologies include induction and plasma torch furnaces. Both technologies are effective reduction technologies, but the reduction ratio varies depending on the type or condition of waste before treatment. For example, as a result of testing waste reduction using a super compactor at NUKEM in Germany, the reduction ratio was found to be between 1.3 and 7 depending on the type or condition of waste such as chips, ash, scrap metal, sand, etc. And according to IAEA-TECDOC-1527, when reducing the volume of metals, aluminum, lead, copper, brass, etc. using induction melting, the waste volume reduction ratio is 5 to 20. In this paper, referring to these results, a melting test was conducted using a previously developed plasma torch with an output of more than 100 kW. And volume reduction characteristics of this plasma torch was considered depending on waste type or condition.

Conducting a TSPA (Total System Performance Assessment) of the entire spent nuclear fuel disposal system, which includes thousands of disposal holes and their geological surroundings over many thousands of years, is a challenging task. Typically, the TSPA relies on significant efforts involving numerous parts and finite elements, making it computationally demanding. To streamline this process and enhance efficiency, our study introduces a surrogate model built upon the widely recognized U-network machine learning framework. This surrogate model serves as a bridge, correcting the results from a detailed numerical model with a large number of small-sized elements into a simplified one with fewer and large-sized elements. This approach will significantly cut down on computation time while preserving accuracy comparable to those achieved through the detailed numerical model.

Regulatory agencies require burn-up verification to ensure that dry storage casks using burn-up credit are not loaded with fuel with a reactivity greater than the allowable standard. Accordingly, in preparation for dry storage of SF, the reliability of the burnup was verified and action plans for fuel with confirmed errors were reviewed. Reliability verification was performed by comparing the actual burnup calculated with combustion calculation code (TOTE, ISOTIN) used in NPP and the design burnup calculated with the nuclear design code (ANC). As a result of comparing the differences between actual burnup and design burnup for 7,414 assemblies of SF generated from CE-type NPPs, the average deviation was confirmed to be 0.79% and 220 MWD/MTU. In the CE-type NPPs, no fuel showing large deviations was identified, and it was confirmed that reliability was secured. As a result of comparing the differences in 11,082 assemblies of SF generated from WH-type NPPs, the differences were not large, averaging 1.16% or 422 MWD/MTU. However, fuels showing significant differences were identified, and cause analysis was performed for those fuels. The cause analysis used a method of comparing the burnup of symmetrically loaded fuels in the reactor. For fuels that were not symmetrically loaded, a method was used to compare them with fuels with similar combustion histories. As a result of the review, it was confirmed that the fuel was under- or over-burned compared to symmetrically loaded fuel. For fuels for which clear errors have been identified, we are considering replacing them with the design burnup, and for fuels whose causes cannot be confirmed, we are considering ways to maintain the actual burnup.

증산은 적정 관수 관리에 중요한 역할을 하므로 수분 스트레스에 취약한 토마토와 같은 작물의 관개 수요에 대한 지식이 필요하다. 관수량을 결정하는 한 가지 방법은 증산량을 측정하는 것인데, 이는 환경이나 생육 수준의 영향을 받는다. 본 연구는 분단위 데이터를 통해 수학적 모델과 딥러닝 모델을 활용하여 토마토의 증발량을 추정하 고 적합한 모델을 찾는 것을 목표로 한다. 라이시미터 데이터는 1분 간격으로 배지무게 변화를 측정함으로써 증산 량을 직접 측정했다. 피어슨 상관관계는 관찰된 환경 변수가 작물 증산과 유의미한 상관관계가 있음을 보여주었다. 온실온도와 태양복사는 증산량과 양의 상관관계를 보인 반면, 상대습도는 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 다중 선형 회귀 (MLR), 다항 회귀 모델, 인공 신경망(ANN), Long short-term memory(LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit(GRU) 모델을 구 축하고 정확도를 비교했다. 모든 모델은 테스트 데이터 세트에서 0.770－0.948 범위의 R2 값과 0.495mm/min－ 1.038mm/min의 RMSE로 증산을 잠재적으로 추정하였다. 딥러닝 모델은 수학적 모델보다 성능이 뛰어났다. GRU 는 0.948의 R2 및 0.495mm/min의 RMSE로 테스트 데이터에서 최고의 성능을 보여주었다. LSTM과 ANN은 R2 값이 각각 0.946과 0.944, RMSE가 각각 0.504m/min과 0.511로 그 뒤를 이었다. GRU 모델은 단기 예측에서 우수한 성능 을 보였고 LSTM은 장기 예측에서 우수한 성능을 보였지만 대규모 데이터 셋을 사용한 추가 검증이 필요하다. FAO56 Penman-Monteith(PM) 방정식과 비교하여 PM은 MLR 및 다항식 모델 2차 및 3차보다 RMSE가 0.598mm/min으로 낮지만 분단위 증산의 변동성을 포착하는 데 있어 모든 모델 중에서 가장 성능이 낮다. 따라서 본 연구 결과는 온실 내 토마토 증산을 단기적으로 추정하기 위해 GRU 및 LSTM 모델을 권장한다.

Vespidae are social insects and crucial predators that prey upon various insects. In particular, Vespa velutina nigrithorax, as a representative predator of honey bees, inflicts huge economic damage on apiary. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the national distribution of vespid wasps. In this study, collection was made, in 73 study sites, using hornetluring traps and malaise traps in Gangwon-do, Gyeonggi-do, Gyeongsang-do, Chungcheong-do, and Jeju-do from 2019 to 2022. As a result, a total of 24,974 individuals of 24 species, 5 genera, and 2 subfamilies were collected, with the largest number of species collected in Gangwon-do (22 species, 5 genera, and 2 subfamilies). Also, Vespa simillima simillima (38.2%), Vespa crabro flavofasciata (25.1%), Vespa crabro flavofasciata (23.8%), Vespa velutina nigrithorax (27.5%), and Vespa simillima xanthoptera (54.6%) are the dominant species in each province, respectively. Species richness (R') and species evenness (E') were highest in Gyeonggi-do (R'=2.712, E'=0.978), and species diversity (H') was highest in Gyeongsang-do (H'=2.981). Dominance was highest in Jeju-do (DI=0.719). Herein, we provide basic data needed in development of vespid damage management systems using regional sampling data and forest geospatial information in the study area.

경상북도에 위치한 산림유전자원보호구역내 2개 지역(영주지역의 신갈나무, 울진지역의 소나무)과 경기 포 천시에 위치한 생물권보전지역내 2개 지역(포천지역의 신갈나무와 소나무)에서 2016년부터 2017년까지 함정 트랩(Pitfall trap)을 매년 5회씩 5반복하여 각각 비교하였다. 그 결과 산림유전자원보호구역에서는 27과 106속 160종 2,665개체가 확인되었으며, 종풍부도는 20.28, 종균등도는 0.266, 종다양도는 1.355, 우점도는 0.265로 우점 종은 납작먼지벌레속 sp.2 (Synuchus sp.2)이였다. 또한, 생물권보존지역에서는 16과 49속 77종 4,834개체가 확 인되었으며, 종풍부도는 8.958, 종균등도는 0.301, 종다양도는 1.31, 우점도는 0.669로 우점종은 윤납작먼지벌레 (Synuchus nitidus)였다. 산림의 중요 지역 간에 지표성 딱정벌레의 군집을 비교함으로써 환경변화에 따른 산림 보존 프로그램을 수행하는데 유용한 기초 자료로 활용될 것이다.

2022년 캠벨얼리 재배면적은 4,397ha(32.7%)으로 샤인머스켓에 이어 두 번째로 많이 재배하는 품종이다. 포도 과원에서 보고된 장님노린재에는 애무늬고리장님노린재와 초록장님노린재가 있으며, 포도 신초를 가해해 잎 이 자라면서 구멍이 나고, 포도알을 흡즙해 포도알 표피를 코르크화해 상품성을 떨어뜨린다. 애무늬고리장님노 린재는 약충은 3~4mm, 성충은 4~5mm 정도이며, 몸 색깔은 엷은 녹색을 띄고, 다리(설상부) 끝이 검어 초록장님노 린재와 구분된다. 조사지점에서는 애무늬고리장님노린재만 채집되었으며, 나무당 0~4.8마리가 발견되었다. 4월 하순 상대습도 40% 이상이고, 일평균기온이 13℃ 이상 10일 정도 경과하였을 때 알에서 부화해 신초를 가해 하기 시작했다. 5월 하순부터 성충이 되며, 포도원 살충제 살포로 인해 개체수가 감소하였다가 7월 초경에 초목성 식물에서 포도원으로 들어와 새로 나오는 포도 부초를 가해하였다. 방제시기에 따라 상품과일 무게가 차이가 났는데 잎전개기, 꽃송이분리기, 착과기 3회 방제시 수량감소율이 1%인데 비해 잎전개기에만 방제시 3.5%, 꽃송 이분리기에만 방제시 7.9%, 무처리구에서는 15.6%로 방제 시기에 따라 상품과일 감소량이 차이나는 것을 알 수 있었다.

2022년 캠벨얼리 재배면적은 4,397ha(32.7%)으로 샤인머스켓에 이어 두 번째로 많이 재배하는 품종이다. 또한 충랑은 2018년에 품종등록된 3배체(캠벨얼리×고처) 포도로 신품종 연구가 필요한 품종이다. 연무늬들명나방 (Syllepte pallidinotalis)은 캠벨얼리와 신품종 충랑에서 잎의 가장자리를 말고 그 속에서 잎을 갉아먹는 해충으로 잎에 피해가 관찰되었다. 연중 포도원에서 연무늬들명나방의 밀도는 7월 중순과 9월 하순에 2번의 peak를 보였 다. 알에서 부화한 유충이 2령이 되면 잎을 말고 안에 숨기 때문에 잎을 말은 이후 약제 살포시 잎 안에 잘 뭏지 않아 방제가가 떨어졌다. 특히 생물농약인 비티제를 이용해 방제를 할 경우 잎을 말기 직전인 6월 중순에 살포 했을 때 93.5%의 방제가를 보였으나, 5월 하순이나 7월 초순 방제할 경우 73.9, 43.6%로 낮은 방제가를 보였다. 따라서 잎을 말기 직전인 6월 중순, 8월 하순에 방제를 하는 것이 효율적임을 알 수 있었다.

Curtonotidae, known as the quasimodo flies, in Diptera currently includes about 100 described species in five genera (Axinota Wulp, 1886; Curtonotum Macquart, 1844; Cyrtona Séguy, 1938; Depressonotum Grimaldi & Kirk-Spriggs, 2012; Tigrisomyia Kirk-Spriggs, 2010) worldwide. Curtonotid species have great potential as case studies for biological diversity, evolution, and zoogeography based on wide distribution and sufficient diversity. In the present study, Curtonotum maritimum Ozerov, 2007 is newly added to Korean insect fauna. This is also the first record of Curtonotidae from the country. We here provide morphological diagnosis and images including genitalic structures for accurate identification.