This study examines the reinterpretation and application of imagery from Greek goddesses in modern fashion brands, focusing on symbolic meaning and design strategies. Using qualitative case studies of selected global luxury and outdoor fashion brands, it analyzes four goddess archetypes—Hera, Aphrodite, Athena, and Artemis— and examines how their mythological attributes are translated into modern fashion expressions and brand identities. Hera embodies authority and order, is reflected in luxury fashion through structured silhouettes, refined tailoring, and classical aesthetics that emphasize dignity and formality. Aphrodite symbolizes beauty and sensuality through designs that highlight the body, use fluid materials, and express femininity, reframing sensuality as an empowered form of self-representation. Athena, embodying wisdom and martial strength, is reinterpreted as the image of the intelligent and autonomous modern woman through architectural silhouettes, armor-inspired details, and a restrained yet powerful visual language. In contrast, Artemis represents nature, independence, and guardianship, reflected in outdoor fashion brands through sustainability-driven practices, functional design, and ethical management instead of explicit visual symbols. The findings indicate that contemporary fashion brands selectively adapt mythological archetypes fit brand values, consumer identities, and broader socio-cultural discourses, including feminism and sustainability. This study contributes to fashion and cultural studies by demonstrating the continued relevance of ancient mythological symbolism in contemporary fashion branding.

Graphite crystals consist of a layered structure with stacked graphene sheets, and exhibit self-lubricating properties due to the facile sliding of graphene layers in the horizontal direction, facilitated by weak Van der Waals bonds along the c-axis. When this graphite material is impregnated with a lubricating liquid, it forms a solid and stable lubricating layer, and effectively reduces damage to the counter material from friction-induced wear under conditions of high-load reciprocating motion. This study investigates how oxidation-induced pore expansion and the silane treatment of graphite affect lubricating oil impregnation behavior, the friction coefficient of impregnated graphite, frictional stability, and microstructural changes at the friction surface. It was found that graphite oxidation within the chemical reaction temperature range enhanced porosity and increased the rate of lubricating oil impregnation. The functionalization of the graphite surface with hydrophobic silane coupling agents also significantly enhanced oil uptake, with a pronounced observed improvement when utilizing hydrophobic oils. Under a vertical load of 360 kgf and a surface pressure of 3 MPa, the graphite surface treated with hydrophobic silane and impregnated with oil exhibited the lowest average friction coefficient of 0.192 over 600 cycles. During the friction and wear process, a lubricating layer formed on the graphite surface, which contributes to stable wear performance. This surface modification strategy offers high applicability in industries such as automotive, aerospace, and heavy machinery, with the potential to significantly enhance component performance and extend service life under high-load, low-speed reciprocating conditions.

This study investigates how consumer perceptions of travel luggage changed from 2022 to 2024 using text mining and network analysis of online text data. Following the COVID-19 pandemic, the rapid recovery of travel demand influenced lifestyle patterns and consumer expectations, including travel bag preferences. In 2022, key terms such as “COVID-19,” “safety,” “mini,” “size,” and “price” reflected a strong interest in compact, affordable bag suitable for domestic and short-term travel. Moreover, practicality and hygiene-related features, such as waterproof and antibacterial materials, were emphasized. In 2023, with the resurgence of international travel, consumer interests expanded to include “durability,” “brand,” “lightweight,” and “design.” And travel luggage began to be perceived not only as a functional item but also as a means of personal expression and a fashion item. In 2024, perceptions became even more diverse, focusing on usability keywords like “storage,” “interior,” and “convenience,” as well as trust-based terms such as “purchase,” “review,” and “promotion.” Security concerns also increased, as evidenced by terms like “skimming” and “pickpocketing.” These findings reveal that consumers consider multiple value types—functionality, design, brand identity, user trust, and security—when purchasing travel bag. According to the study, brands should develop multidimensional strategies that reflect consumers’ evolving language and emotional needs and employ tailored content, such as functional information, trend-driven narratives, influencer reviews, and security tips, to enhance consumer trust and satisfaction.

This study aims to gain insight into society and culture in the 10th to 7th centuries B.C. by exploring the clothing in Assyria, which was the most powerful force in Mesopotamian civilization at the time. As a research method, literature and empirical studies were conducted in parallel, focusing on a total of 127 Assyrian artifacts held in domestic and foreign museums. The results of this study are as follows. The basic forms of Assyrian clothing are tunics and shawls. The tunics have short sleeves and are knee or ankle length with a special type of tassel decoration. They have a wide belt at the waist, and a decorative panel is attached vertically below with a strap. In addition to the basic clothing, there are loincloths and overskirts, with some having open right sides and fringe decorations to denote a higher status. The overskirt has a third or fourth-tier skirt structure with an open front and fringe decorations on the edges. Most military members, except for archers, wore knee-length tunics as uniforms. As for armor, they wore short-chest or knee-length coat-type lamella armor. Headwear mainly consisted of cylindrical hats and headband-type decorations. In the case of bracelets, mainly rosette-shaped decorations and simple ring-shaped bracelets with three or one turn were worn. For shoes, sandals were mainly worn, and soldiers mainly wore boots. As a result, each costume element is expressed in various ways depending on the wearer’s status, clearly showing Assyrian costume culture.

This study aimed to develop the in vitro method using domestic commercial diets to estimate nutrient digestibility in dogs. The existing in vitro method were tested and compared with literature data to develop new in vitro method. The development of in vitro method progressed as follows: modification of pepsin solution to an activated form and supplementation with 1% lipase. All the in vitro method progressed to 4 hours of stomach simulation and 2 hours of small intestine simulation. In vivo digestibility was measured using the same diets as beagle dogs. The supplementation of lipase methods showed significantly improved (p < 0.05) DM, OM, and EE than the existing and modified pepsin solution methods. The correlation between in vitro and in vivo data in DM, OM, and EE digestibility was high (r2 = 0.889, 0.907, and 0.721, respectively), and the correlation between in vitro and in vivo data in CP and GE digestibility was medium (r2 = 0.681 and 0.536, respectively). The current in vitro method is similar to in vivo digestibility and helps potentially predict digestibility for dogs. In conclusion, this developed in vitro method suggests that it can help estimate the nutrient digestibility of dogs' diets without in vivo experiments.

The purpose of this study was to identify the structure and characteristics for the reproduction of the armor in the Unified Silla period, and then reproduce and utilize it as a cultural content. In the armor reproduction project excavated from Jaemaejeong, Gyeongju. Jaemaejeong armor is consisting of Singap (身甲, body armor), Sanggap (裳甲, hip armor), and Sangbakgap (上膊甲, upper arm armor) at the time of excavation. Unlike the armor of the Three Kingdoms period, Singap and Sanggap are separated. Singap is Yangdangsik (裲襠式, side opening method) and Gyunggap (頸 甲, gorget) was not unearthed, Sangbakgap was divided into a part that protects the left and right upper arms and a part that protects the chest, so that the unexcavated head and neck cover of the helmet can be protected to the shoulder. In addition, in the case of Chalgap (札甲, lamellar armor), the Oejungsik (外重式, folded from outside to inside) is mainly used, but it is peculiar that Naejungsik (內重式, folded from inside to outside) is used in Sangbakgap of Jaemaejeong armor. It is presumed that this was used as a method to ensure that the armor were closely attached to the human body. In order to design with the parade armor of Gochwidae in Gyeongju based on the reproduced Jaemaejeong armor, the designer’s imagination and historical work of the times were involved due to the characteristics of performance costumes. Reproduced armor as a cultural content should be considered indispensable to simplify and lighten clothing suitable for performances based on the excavated historical armor.

We report the structural, morphological and magnetic properties of the Ni70Mn30 alloy prepared by Planetary Ball Mill method. Keeping the milling time constant for 30 h, the effect of different ball milling speeds on the synthesis and magnetic properties of the samples was thoroughly investigated. A remarkable variation in the morphology and average particle size was observed with the increase in milling speed. For the samples ball milled at 200 and 300 rpm, the average particle size and hence magnetization were decreased due to the increased lattice strain, distortion and surface effects which became prominent due to the increase in the thickness of the outer magnetically dead layer. For the samples ball milled at 400, 500 and 600 rpm however, the average particle size and hence magnetization were increased. This increased magnetization was attributed to the reduced surface area to volume ratio that ultimately led to the enhanced ferromagnetic interactions. The maximum saturation magnetization (75 emu/g at 1 T applied field) observed for the sample ball milled at 600 rpm and the low value of coercivity makes this material useful as soft magnetic material.

바다에 기름오염 사고가 발생하면 여러 가지 방제 방법 중 물리적 회수 방법을 우선적으로 사용하고 유처리제는 최후 수단으로 고려하는 경향이 있다. 유처리제는 수중으로 기름이 신속히 분산되도록 하여 해수면으로부터 제거하는 방법이다. 해수면으로부터 신속히 기름을 제거하는데 대한 유처리제의 효용성은 널리 증명되어 왔으나 아직도 대부분의 국가들은 해양환경에 미치는 독성을 우려하여 적극적인 사용을 하지 않고 있는 실정이다. 보고된 자료에 의하면 유처리제 사용 후 수중생물에 대한 독성은 발견되지 않았으며, 유처리제와 혼합된 기름이 기 름 그 자체보다 독성이 더 크게 나타나지 않았다. 멕시코만 기름유출 사고 시 미국 정부와 BP사는 최대한 해안에 기름이 도달하지 않는데 중 점을 두고 해수면뿐만 아니라 수중의 기름에 대해서도 유처리제를 사용하였다.

In order to isolate thermophilic compost-promoting bacteria with high activity of cellulase and xylanase, spent mushroom substrates with sawdust were collected from mushroom cultivation farm, Jinju, Gyeongnam in Korea. Among of the isolates, one strain, designated HJ01 was selected by agar diffusion method. The strain HJ01 was identified as members of the Bacillus subtilis by biochemical characteristics using Bacillus ID kit and VITEK 2 system. Comparative 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain HJ01 formed a distinct phylogenetic tree within the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus subtilis with 16S rDNA gene sequence similarity of 99.3%. On the basis of its physiological properties, biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain HJ01 was classified within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus subtilis HJ0 is proposed. The cellulase and xylanase activity of B. subtilis HJ0 was slightly increased according to bacterial population from exponential phase to stationary phase in growth curve for B. subtilis HJ01.