This study analyzed the correlation between carcass traits of Hanwoo steers and feeding methods (concentrate feed and total mixed ration for ruminants). The results indicated that in the feeding system using concentrate feed, the variation in carcass weight and marbling score among individual animals within farms tended to affect the average carcass sale price, with both showing negative effects (p=0.057, p=0.053). The standardized regression coefficients were used to compare the influence of each variable, revealing that the coefficients for carcass weight variation and marbling score variation were –0.38 and –0.30, respectively, indicating a greater influence of carcass weight variation. Therefore, reducing the variations in carcass weight and marbling score among steers in farms using concentrate feed is likely to increase the average carcass sale price. In the case of farms using total mixed ration (TMR) for ruminants, the variation in marbling score among individual animals significantly affected the average carcass sale price, showing a negative effect (p=0.002). Thus, reducing the variation in marbling score among steers in TMR farms is likely to increase the average carcass sale price. In summary, the coefficient of variation of marbling score was found to have a significant impact on the average carcass sale price of the farm. In farms using concentrate feed, the variations in both carcass weight and marbling score tended to affect the average carcass sale price (0.05<p<0.1). Meanwhile, in farms using TMR, the variation in marbling score had a significant impact. In conclusion, the coefficient of variation for marbling score in carcass performance was found to have the most significant impact on the average carcass sale price for both feeding types (concentrate and TMR diets). Furthermore, reducing the variation along with carcass weight of Hanwoo steers on concentrate feed may be a way to increase farm income.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Liriope platyphylla and organic acids on enteric methane mitigation in goats using an open-circuit simplified respiration chamber system. Methane recovery was evaluated by injecting 3% standard methane gas for 30 min at 3 L/min. The percentage of methane recovery from the four chambers was 99±5.4%. Following the recovery test, an animal experiment was conducted using eight castrated Boer goats (body weight 46.6±7.77 kg) using a 2×2 crossover design. Experimental diets were as follows: 1) Control (CON), commercial concentrate and tall fescue, and 2) Treatment (MIX), concentrate supplemented with L. platyphylla and organic acids and tall fescue. Goats were offered feed at 2% of body weight (dry matter basis) in equal portions twice daily at 8:00 and 15:30. The goats were adapted to the feed and methane chamber for 10 and 3 days, respectively. Methane emission was measured one day per goat using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy, and temperature and airflow measurements were used to estimate methane emissions. Dry matter intake (DMI), body weight, and methane emission were measured during each period. Methane production with CON and MIX was 24.48 and 22.68 g/d, respectively, and 26.81 and 24.83 g/kg DMI, respectively. Although the differences were not significant, the use of supplements resulted in a numerical reduction in methane in MIX compared with CON. Collaboration with experts in other areas, including various engineering departments, is imperative to measure methane emissions using a chamber system accurately.

This study identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that affect the body weight of chickens. Analysis of body weight showed that the Cornish breed had the highest body weight, and the Korean native chicken (Gray Brown) had the lowest body weight. TSH is composed of an α-subunit and a β-subunit, and the TSH-β gene encoding the β-subunit has been reported to be associated with obesity. In chickens, it is located on chromosome 26 and is reported to be associated with growth. The calcium-sensing receptor gene (CaSR) plays a role in the regulation of extracellular calcium homeostasis and is responsible for calcium absorption in the urinary tract, which affects the eggshell quality in poultry. It was shown that TSH-β was strongly correlated with weight in Cornish and Korean native (Gray Brown) chickens, particularly in those with the CC trait. However, CaSR showed no association with body weight in poultry; it was associated with calcium and the eggshell. Thus, selection for TSH-β can be used to produce individuals with more favorable traits in terms of body weight.

Sperm cryopreservation is an important method of assisted reproductive techniques and storing genetic resources. It plays a vital role in genetic improvement, livestock industrial preservation of endangered species, and clinical practice. Consequently, the cryopreservation technique is well organized through various studies, especially on Korean native cattle (Hanwoo). However, the cryopreservation technique of Korean native brindled cattle, which is one of the native cattle species in Korea, is not well organized. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a Supplementary Table technique for the cryopreservation of Korean native brindled cattle. For this purpose, it is important to first evaluate the quality of the currently produced cryopreserved sperm of Korean native brindled cattle. In this study, we randomly selected 72 individual Korean native brindled cattle semen samples collected from 8 different region research centers and used them to evaluate sperm functions. We focused on the quality evaluation of cryopreserved Korean native brindled cattle semen following the measurement of motion kinematics, capacitation status, intracellular ATP level, sperm motility, and cell viability. Then, the values of each of the eight groups were derived from various sperm parameters of nine individual samples, including sperm motility, kinematics, cellular motility, and intracellular ATP levels, which were used to compare and evaluate sperm function. Overall, differences in various sperm parameters were observed between most of the research centers. Particularly, the deviations of motility and motion kinematics were high according to the sample. Therefore, we suggest that it is necessary to develop a standard method for the cryopreservation of Korean native brindled cattle semen. We also suggest the need for sperm quality evaluation of the cryopreserved semen of Korean native brindled cattle before using artificial insemination to attain a high fertility rate.

In recent years, various methods of measuring body temperature have been developed using wireless biosensors to facilitate an early detection of pregnancy and parturition in cows. However, there are no studies on real-time monitoring of cattle body temperature throughout pregnancy. Therefore, we investigated the daily mean ruminal temperature in pregnant cows throughout pregnancy using a ruminal bio-capsule sensor and then evaluated the temperature variation between pregnant and non-pregnant cows. In pregnant cows, the mean and standard deviation of ruminal temperature was 38.86 ± 0.17℃. Ruminal temperature in pregnant cows slowly decreased until 180 to 190 days after artificial insemination and after that, the temperature increased dramatically until just before parturition. Furthermore, the means ruminal temperature was significantly different between pregnant and nonpregnant cows. The mean and standard deviation of ruminal temperature were as follows: 38.68 ± 0.01℃ from days 80 to 100, 38.78 ± 0.02℃ from days 145 to 165, 38.99 ± 0.45℃ from days 200 to 220, 39.14 ± 0.38℃ from days 250 to 270 before parturition. Therefore, our results could provide useful data for early detection of pregnancy and parturition in Korean cows.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of mixed or split-sex feeding on growth performance and behavior of Korean native chickens. Three variants of the sex ratio, FO (female only), MO (male only) and MI (mixed) were tested in Korean native chickens (Hanhyop 3) that were between the ages of 7 and 91 days. Body weight gain was the highest (p<0.05) in the MO treatment and the lowest (p<0.05) in the MI treatment. The feed intake (FI) of birds in the MO treatment was higher (p<0.05) than that of birds in the MI treatment during days 14-21, also MO treatment was higher (p<0.05) than that of birds in the MI treatment during days 21-28. However, the FI of birds in the MI group was higher (p<0.05) than that of birds in FO treatment during days 35-42. The behavioral frequency of walking, drinking, and aggressive pecking were not affected by sex ratio treatment. The behavioral frequency of feeding was higher in the FO treatment than that of birds in the other treatments. The comfort time of birds in the MI treatment was longer (p<0.05) than that of birds in the other treatments. The behavioral frequency of pecking was higher in the MO treatment than that of birds in the other treatments. The study suggests that when male and female Korean native chickens are reared together, sex ratio can influence growth performance and behavior frequency.

2017년 한해 동안 9개 공항만에서 중국 등 32개국, 120개 품목 8,660건을 조사한 결과, 523건에서 해충 검출이 있었다. 반입빈도가 높은 품목은 사과, 망고, 감귤, 배, 복숭아, 바나나, 오렌지, 오이, 고추. 호두(미탈각), 자두, 드래곤프릇, 포멜로, 토마토, 풋콩, 망고스틴, 대추 등의 순이었으며, 중국, 베트남, 일본, 필리핀, 대만, 태국 등의 나라에서 반입건수가 많았다. 해충 검출 빈도가 높은 품목은 망고스틴, 망고, 사과, 슈가애플, 람부탄, 고추, 자두, 구아바 등이며, 해충 검출 빈도가 높은 국가는 중국, 베트남, 태국 등이었다. 검출 해충류 중 금지해충으로 오리엔탈과실파리류(Bactrocera dorsalis sp. complex) 52건, 오이과실파리(Bactrocera cucurbitae) 1건, Bactrocera latifrons 2건이 있었으며, 과실파리류 32건이 동정중이며, 코드린나방(Cydia pomonella)이 1건 검출되었다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary addition of pegmatite for Hanwoo steers on the carcass characteristics. Based upon the findings yielded by the research referenced above, the results may be summed up as follows : Oleic acid was for the most part, higher as T2 plots (45.40%) and T3 plots (44.20%) compared with Con. plots (42.50%). As well, this study has shown that the treatment plots in unsaturated fatty acid (UFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) were largely higher than that of Con. plots, and of them all, T2 plots were highest. As for the melting point of fat, T2 plots (29℃) were largely lower than that of Con. plots (31.9℃). This study has shown that the treatment plots were significant higher as the content of total essential amino acid and total amino acid and inosine monophosphate in the nucleotide compound for the Hanwoo beef was treatment plots when compared with Con. plots.

This study analyzed the effect on weight and average daily gain, carcass grade, and blood characteristics and immunity in case of dietary addition of pegmatite to Hanwoo steers. Relative to Hanwoo steers, initial body weight was 257.3±11.74 kg (8-months old after birth). Forty-eight Hanwoo steers were fed for 24 months using random arrangement (4 treatment plots×4 heads×3 repeat). The treatment plot (498.75~500.82 kg) had higher weight during the early fattening stage compared with that of the control plot (474.37 kg) (p<0.05). Regarding total cholesterol of the blood, the value was similar to one during initiation of testing, but the value increased gradually based on the progress of fattening. In addition, the triglyceride was considerably low in T2~T3 plots with high addition of pegmatite during the late fattening stage compared with other treatment plots (p<0.05). This study revealed a tendency in the IgG content that represented immunity as the addition of pegmatite became higher (p>0.05). This study found that the treatment plot (441.55~452.10 kg) had higher carcass weight compared with the control plot (436.30 kg). However, this study revealed that the treatment plot (2.30~2.55 points) had higher carcass quantity grade compared with the control plot (2.11 points). This study found that the control plot (3.55 points) had higher carcass quality grade compared with the treatment plot (2.67~3.09 points) (p>0.05). With studies combined, it was determined that dietary addition of pegmatite to the feed as clay minerals in fattening Hanwoo steers would improve feed intake, body weight gain and carcass quantity grade.

This study was a report on 60 heads of Hanwoo steers(5 treatments⨯4 heads⨯3 repeats). Their start weights were 361.2±14.39 kg to 380.5±27.33 kg; 12.7 to 13.6 months of age. The aim was to investigate the effect of herbal probiotic supplementation on the weight, blood composition, meat quality and immunity in beef. In case of body weight gain, con. 1 plot(183.8 kg) in the early fattening stage, T3 plot(115.1 kg) in the middle fattening stage, and T2 plot(163.3 kg) in the late fattening stage significantly increased(p<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the blood content of T-Cho and IgG: con. 1 plot and T1 plot in the early fattening stage, T3 plot and T2 plots in the middle fattening stage, and con. 2 plot and T1~T3 plots in the late fattening stage had higher blood content than that of other treatment plots (p<0.05). In addition, the carcass weight was highest in the T1 plot and T2 plot among the total treatment plots(p<0.05). However, no statistical significant difference was observed in the different treatments; all individual treatment plots(T1~T3 plots) were somewhat higher than the control plots(con. 1~con. 2 plots) with respect to the carcass quantity and carcass quality. Combining and analyzing all results revealed that the dietary addition of herbal probiotics for Hanwoo steers had a positive effect on the improvement of weight, amount of meat, meat quality and immunity

This study investigated the antidiabetic effect of amaranth grain ethanol extract (AEE) in a diabetic animal model, db/db mouse. The mice were divided into 4 groups: normal control mice (C57BL/6J), diabetic mice (C57BL/6J db/db), diabetic mice fed a lower concentration of AEE (0.3 mg/kg), and diabetic mice fed a higher concentration of AEE (0.5 mg/kg). After 10 weeks of treatment, body weights, blood insulin levels and blood glucose levels of each group were compared. At the end of treatment, the results showed that both AEE supplemented groups had lower body weights than those in the diabetic groups although higher than those in the normal groups. Moreover, in both AEE supplemented groups, serum insulin levels were higher and blood glucose levels were lower than those in the diabetic groups although both values were higher than those in the normal groups. The results of this study suggest that AEE can alleviate many of the common symptoms of diabetes in diabetic mice and, therefore, has potential as a therapeutic supplement for normalization of blood glucose and insulin levels in humans.

본 연구는 보조기구 제공의 차이가 한우의 생산성에 미치는 영향을 통해 복지형 한우사육방안을 구명 함으로써 한우 복지형 사양관리의 합리적인 사육방법에 대한 기초자료를 제시하고자 실시하였다. 공시동 물은 18개월령의 한우 거세비육우 48두를 공시하여(410.63±8.76kg) 개방식 우사에서 10개월간 실시하 였다. 시험설계는 32m2의 우방에 4두씩 각각 대조구(무처리 관행구), 처리1구(개체관리용 카우브러쉬), 처리2구(놀이용 구조물), 처리3구(개체관리용 카우브러쉬 + 놀이용 구조물)로 입식하였다. 처리는 4처리 3반복으로 완전임의 배치하고 15일간 예비실험 후 수행하였다. 조사항목으로는 사양성적, 행동관찰, 혈 액성상, 도체성적 및 경제성을 각각 분석하였다. 시험결과 보조기구 제공에 따른 사양성적으로는 처리3 구에서 유의적(p<0.05)으로 우수한 경향을 나타냈고, 대조구에서 가장 낮은 사양성적을 보였다. 행동특 성 중 발현시간에서는 기립(standing)이 대조구에서 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높게 나타났으나, 섭식 (feeding), 횡와(lying) 및 걷기(walking)는 처리2구와 처리3구에서 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높게 나타났다. 빈도에 따른 행동특성에서는 음수(drinking)와 몸비비기(rubbing), 투쟁(fighting)을 제외한 모든 행동빈 도에서 유의적(p<0.05)인 차이를 보였다. 혈액성상에서는 대조구에서 백혈구와 cortisol 수치가 유의적 (p<0.05)으로 높았고, 도체성적 중 등지방두께 및 등심단면적 항목에서 대조구 < 처리1구 < 처리2구 < 처리3구 순으로 우수한 것으로 사양성적과 유사하게 동일한 패턴의 결과를 보였다. 근내지방도에서는 놀 이용 보조기구 제공에 따라 근내지방도 스코어는 향상되는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 출하에 따른 경제 성 분석결과로는 처리3구에서 총수익이 두당 178여만원으로 가장 높았고 대조구의 103여만원 보다 두당 75여만원의 추가 수익을 올린 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서, 본 시험결과를 바탕으로 보조기구의 제공이 한우 거세우의 사양성적, 행동발현, 혈액성상 및 도축성적에 긍정적인 경향을 미치는 것으로 판단되며, 향후 농가현장에 보급함으로써 한우산업 경쟁력 향상에 기여할 것이다.

농장동물복지형 한우 사양관리를 통한 고품질의 쇠고기 생산을 목표로 세계적인 트랜드에 부합하는 축산선진국으로 나아가기 위하여 본 시험으로 우방내 사육공간의 넓이차이에 따른 한우의 사양성적, 행 동특성 및 혈액성상에 미치는 영향을 비교·분석해 보았다. 16개월령의 한우 54두(암소 미경산공태우 및 거세우 각각 27두)를 공시하여 성별에 따라 사육공간의 넓이차이를 주기 위해 4두(8m2), 3두 (10.67m2) 및 2두(16m2)로 처리하여 9개월간 각각 3반복으로 완전 임의배치 후 실시하였으며, 한우 사 양관리 프로그램에 따라 사료급여를 하였다. 데이터 수집방법으로 증체량, 사료요구율 및 혈액분석은 2 개월 간격으로 반복하여 측정하였으며, 행동패턴 수집은 복수개체 추적방법 및 선택적 행동관찰법으로 기상청에서 제공한 맑은 날을 선정하여 15일간 녹화 후 분석에 이용하였다. 본 시험의 결과로, 사양성 적(체중, 일당증체량 및 사료요구율)의 경우 미경산공태우와 거세우 각각 20개월령과 18개월령 이후부 터 2두와 3두 처리구에서 모두 유의적(p<0.05)으로 향상되었다. 행동특성으로는 미경산공태우의 2두 처 리구에서 행동시간으로 기립행동은 유의적(p<0.05)으로 낮고, 횡와 및 걷기행동은 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높았다. 행동빈도에서는 음수, 자기몸핥기, 긁기, 몸비비기, 투쟁행동에서 유의적(p<0.05)으로 적게 나 타났다. 거세우의 2두 및 3두 처리구에서는 미경산공태우와 유사한 경향을 나타냈으나 유의적(p<0.05) 으로 섭식시간은 증가하고, 다른소핥기 및 몸기대기의 빈도는 유의적(p<0.05)으로 적게 나타났다. 혈액 성상으로 미경산공태우와 거세우의 4두 처리구에서 적혈구가 유의적(p<0.05)으로 낮았고, 콜티졸은 유 의적(p<0.05)으로 높게 나타났다. 또한, 미경산공태우의 헤모글로빈과 거세우의 백혈구 수치에서는 모 두 2두 처리구에서 유의적(p<0.05)으로 각각 높고 낮은 것으로 분석되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 사 양성적, 행동특성 및 혈액성상 등의 전체적인 내용을 토대로 우사의 여유 및 표준우사의 우방크기를 고 려할 때 한우의 사육공간에서 관행사육인 4두 처리구(두당 8m2) 보다 미경산공태우는 2두 처리구(두당 16m2), 거세우는 3두 처리구(두당 10.67m2)로 사육하는 것이 적절하다고 판단되며, 본 시험결과는 추후 복지형 한우의 사양관리를 위한 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different rearing spaces on growth performances, behavioral traits, and blood parameters in Hanwoo (Korean Native Cattle) heifers and steers. The average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were measured to assess the growth performance. A total of 54 Hanwoo heifers and steers at 18 months old, were housed separately in groups of 2, 3 or 4 heads in a pen (32 m2) for nine months. In the case of the heifers, the growth performances were significantly (p<0.05) improved by increasing the 2 head group size with the exception of the 18 month old heifers. However, among the steers the growth performances were significantly enhanced (p<0.05) after 18 months of age, by increasing the 3 heads group size. In addition, the heifers in groups of 2 heads spent less time standing and more time lying down or walking, and also had a significantly (p<0.05) lower frequency of self-grooming, scratching, and fighting. These findings are similar to the results obtained for steers housed in 2 or 3 heads per group. The steers housed in 2, 3 heads groups spent more time feeding and consequently had a significantly (p<0.05) lower frequency of pair-wise grooming and Leaning. The heifers and steers housed in groups of 4 heads showed lowest red blood cell counts, but highest cortisol content with statistical significance at p<0.05. The heifers in groups of 2 heads had the highest hemoglobin concentrations (p<0.05). On the other hand, white blood cell count was found to be the lowest in groups of 2 steers with statistical significance at p<0.05. We conclude that a large rearing space improved growth performances, behavioral characteristics, and blood parameters in Hanwoo heifers and steers. In the future, this data could be used to improve the welfare of rearing Hanwoo cattle.

본 연구는 돈육 중의 후지육을 이용하여 천연향신료인 생강 및 인삼분말을 첨가비율별로 처리(무처리 대조구), T1구(A-생강분말 0.1%첨가, B-인삼분말 0.1%첨가), T2구(A-생강분말 0.2%첨가, B-인삼분말 0.2%첨가), T3구(A-생강분말 0.3%첨가, B-인삼분말 0.3%첨가)하여 총 24점(4처리×2요인×3반복)의 돈육포를 제조한 후 저장기간에 따른 육포의 물리화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 돈육포의 수분활성도는 0.66∼0.80 정도였고, pH는 5.42∼5.75 범위로서 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 감소하여 통계적인 유의차를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 적색도(a값)에서는 대조구와 T1구가, 황색도(b값)은 T3구가 타 처리구보다 크게 높았다(p<0.05). 돈육포의 물성(texture)의 경우, 경도, 응집성 및 파쇄성은 대조구가 처리구보다 더 높았으나 검성과 탄력성의 경우에는 상반되게 오히려 더 낮게 나타났다. 총 유리아미노산은 처리구가 대조구보다 높은 경향이었고, 그 중에서도 T3-B구(50.06%)가 가장 높게 나타났다.

본 시험은 맥섬석과 한약제재 첨가급여가 한우거세우의 비육능력 및 혈액성상에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 생후 13개월령의 거세한우 40두(4처리×5두×2반복)를 공시하여 사료용 첨가제로 1일 사료급여량의 0.5∼1.0% 수준으로 26개월령까지 시험하였다. 시험구 배치는 C(무첨가), T1구(맥섬석 0.5% 첨가), T2구(한약제재 0.5% 첨가), T3구(맥섬석 0.5%+한약제재 0.5% 첨가)로 구분하였다. 증체량의 경우 비육전기때 T1구(226.2kg)가, 비육후기 때는 T3구(162.1kg)가 가장 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 혈중 총콜레스테롤 함량은 T3구가 다른 처리구보다 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 또한 도체중은 T3구(439.00kg) > T2(425.80kg) > T1(420.50kg) > Control(413.00kg) 순으로 낮아졌다. 배최장근 단면적은 T3구가 107.00㎠로 다른 처리구보다 높았고(p<0.05), 도체등급에서 육질등급은 T2구와 T3구가 공히 3.25로서 크게 높았다(p<0.05). 한편 등심육의 지방산 조성에서 oleic acid 함량이 48.55∼50.90%로서 가장 많은 비율을 나타내었고, 불포화지방산은 T3구(57.94%)가 다른 처리구보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 따라서 거세한우에게 각각 맥섬석과 한방제재를 혼합하여 첨가급여하면 도체등급, 관능검사 및 불포화지방산의 개선에 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

Mimosa pudica (미모사), Argemone mexicana (멕시코 가시양귀비) Leucus aspara (꿀풀과 일종), Polygonum hydropiper (여뀌), Blumea lacera (국화과 일종) 등 5종의 식물 헥산추출물들의 팥바구미 성충에 대한 살충, 성충우화억제력 및 녹두 종실피해 방제력이 검증되었다. 그 결과, 밭바구미 성충 살충력은 35-69%이었으며, 녹두에 추출물을 처리한 후 성충우화 방제율은 33-63%, 종실 피해 방제율은 13-49%이었다. 추출물의 농도가 증가할수록 살충력, 성충우화 및 종실피해 방제율 등이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같이 5종의 식물 헥산추출물들은 밭바구미 친환경 방제제로 이용가능성이 있을 것으로 판단된다.