With the development of maritime ICT, the introduction of e-navigation and the MASS (maritime autonomous surface ship), the types and scope of maritime communication networks are expanding, and the need for digital AtoN services is increasing. However, due to problems such as the aging of fishing crews, coastal backlight, weather conditions, and inexperience with regard to the use of advanced navigation equipment on board, the visual and electronic perception of AtoN is degraded, and it is difficult to ensure safe ship navigation. In this study, in response to the introduction of the MASS, a plan for the development of an active customized virtual digital AtoN service system in consideration of ship operating conditions and geographic conditions is proposed. The proposed service system may facilitate electronic identification of AtoN and contribute to preventing marine accidents by ensuring the safe navigation of ships.

본 연구는 진주 남강변의 식물상 조사를 통하여 남강 수변지역의 식생 관리방안 도출에 필요한 기초정보를 제공하기 위하여 실시하였다. 식물상 조사는 총 5개 지역(Ⅰ: 진양호~천수교, Ⅱ: 천수교~진양교, Ⅲ: 진양교~상평교, Ⅳ: 남강교~금산교, Ⅴ: 대곡면~장박교)으로 나누어 실시하였다. 관속식물은 98과 320속 496종 1아종 43변종 9품종, 총 549종이 출현하였으며, 이는 우리나라 관속식물 4,881종의 약 11.2%에 해당한다. 벼과가 69종(12%)으로 가장 많이 출현하였으며, 다음으로 국화과 57종(10.4%), 콩과 35종(6.4%), 사초과 28종(5.1%), 장미과 25종(4.6%)의 순이었다. 지표식물은 30종(5.47%)이 출현 하였으며, 이중에서 일년생과 반지중식물의 비율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 일년생식물은 159종(29%), 지중식물은 58종(10.5%), 반지중식물은 109종(19.8%)이 출현하였다. 지상식물은 관목 41종(7.48%), 아교목 32종(5.83), 교목 65종(11.8%)이 출현하였다. 수생식물과 착생식물은 각각 50종(9.12%)과 4종(0.72%)이 출현하였다. 희귀식물은 10과 10속 9종 1변종 10분류군이 출현하였으며, 구계학적특정식물은 37과 50속 52종 2변종으로 총 54분류군이 출현하였다. 한국특산식물은 8과 9속 10종으로 총 10분류군, 귀화식물은 22과 57속 73종 3변종 총 76분류군, 생태계 교란종은 총 5과 8속 8종 1변종으로 총 9분류군이 출현하였다.

본 연구는 한려해상국립공원 남해금산지구 4개습지(금평, 복곡, 상주, 천하습지)의 관속식물상을 조사․ 분석하여 습지 생태계 보전과 향후 관리방안을 수립하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 실시하였 다. 본 자료는 2016년 3월부터 2016년 11월까지 9번에 걸쳐 조사되었다. 양치식물은 6과 9속 9종 1변 종으로 총 10분류군이었으며, 나자식물은 3과 4속 5종으로 총 5분류군이 조사되었다. 피자식물중 쌍자 엽 식물은 58과 112속 154종 1아종 8변종 4품종 167분류군, 단자엽 식물은 8과 27속 31종 7변종 38분 류군으로 75과 152속 199종 1아종 16변종 4품종 총 220분류군이었다. 금평습지는 46과 75속 87종 7변 종 2품종 96분류군, 복곡습지는 45과 68속 74종 5변종 3품종 82분류군, 상주습지는 54과 99속 121종 7변종 3품종 131분류군, 천하습지는 57과 104속 110종 1아종 10변종 2품종 123분류군이 출현하였다. 한국특산식물은 5분류군, 희귀식물은 12분류군, 구계학적 특정식물Ⅰ등급 16분류군, Ⅱ등급 3분류군, Ⅲ등급 7분류군, Ⅳ등급 6분류군, Ⅴ등급 4분류군 등, 36분류군이 출현하였다.

Deutzia paniculata Nakai(Hydrangeaceae) is a Korean endemic species with very restricted distribution in Gyeongsang-do, Korea. The plants with limited range of distribution are highly affected by various natural and artificial environmental disturbances resulting habitat loss and decline in population. The purpose of this study was to investigate the growth characteristics of D. paniculata based on the degree of germination in different soil types and shading under green house condition in Korea National Arboretum in the preparation to conserve from future extinction. Altogether seven soil types: native(control), forest soil, bed soil, peat moss, peat moss + perlite(2:1), peat moss + perlite + vermiculite(2:1:1), peat moss + perlite(3:1) with three replica each were used for the experiment. In each soil types the germination rate, survival rate, growth amount, leaf area, LMA(Leaf Mass per Area), SPAD value, and the amount of chlorophyll with the shading conditions(non-shading, 25% shading, and 50% shading) were measured. The result indicated that the highest germination(88%) was found in the bed soil. The survival rate was more than 90% in the non-shading and 25% shading conditions; however, it lowered to 10% in the 50% shading condition. The observation of plant height, leaf number, leaf length and width of seedling in bed soil showed the highest growth was in non-shading treatment, and the lowest growth was in soil 50% shading treatment. The chlorophyll content of each treatment in bed soil with non-shading treatment was 1.64(a=0.77, b=0.87) whereas it was 1.54(a=0.69, b=0.84) in 25% shading treatment. The average LMA for each treatment was 0.45(mg/cm2). We found the strong negative correlation between the shading levels and the number of leaves, leaf width, leaf length, leaf area, plant height and SPAD. Overall result indicated that D. paniculata greatly favored bed soil and non-shading condition in the greenhouse. Through this study we have established a series of processes regarding the appropriate degree of soil and shading conditions for growth and germination of D. paniculata. Thus, these processes can be applied in various research fields for preservation and proliferation of the species.

Deutzia paniculata is an endemic species to the Korean Peninsula. Despite of importance for conservation, the population structure and habitat characteristics of D. paniculata have not been determined yet. We analyzed the ecological characteristics of the species based on the literature review and field survey. Field survey was conducted on May to October 2014 during which 11 quadrats of size 15×15 m were studied in six regions. Each of the quadrats were further divided into 5×5 m small quadrats and population characteristics were recorded. The population and habitat characteristics were analyzed, including species abundance (density and coverage), demographic attributes (flowering rates and fruiting plants), vegetation (structure, species composition), light availability (transmitted light and canopy openness) and soil characteristics (temperature and humidity). We found that D. paniculata mainly distributed in Gyeongsangdo (including Taebaek in Gangwondo) along a broad elevational range of 290~959 m (mean: 493 m) above sea level. In preferred habitat the species grows within the slope range of 7° and 35° with the average of 16°. D. paniculata was generally distributed on talus deposits and low adjacent slopes. The average number of individual plants per small quadrat was 12.5 with the mean density 0.5 stems m-2. The vegetative reproduction was frequent in D. paniculata and mean flowering rate was as low as 15%. Altogether 138 taxa were found in whole observation area with the dominant tree species mainly spring ephemerals, such as Cornus controversa (importance value: 25.5%) and Fraxinus rhynchophylla (importance value: 15.8%). Although, C. controversa usually grows on steep slopes and F. rhynchophylla mostly distributed at high-altitudes, however, both species distributed in disturbed environments and among talus deposits. Thus based on our results, we concluded that D. paniculata is a disturbance-prone species, primarily existing in habitats subjected to natural disturbances, such as floods. The species occurs less at anthropogenically disturbed sites, thus there is no apparent threat to the populations and habitat of D. paniculata.

본 연구는 국내 굴거리나무 자생지의 식생특성을 파악하기 위하여, 굴거리나무 자생지 7곳을 대상으로 21개 조사구(100㎡)를 설치하여 식생조사 및 자생지 토양환경을 조사하였다. 굴거리나무 자생지의 식생을 분석한 결과 굴거리나무-서어나무군락, 새덕이나무-굴거리나무, 개서어나무, 굴거리나무-소나무, 굴거리나무-황칠나무, 곰솔, 새덕이나무, 서어나무군락 등 총 8개의 군락으로 나누어졌다. 식생분석결과 굴거리나무가 대부분 중층, 하층을 차지하고 있었으며, 굴거리나무와 단풍나무; 서어나무가 강한 정의 상관관계가 인정되었다. 조사된 군락의 종 다양성지수는 0.7308-0.9849로 나타났다. 토양pH는 3.7-5.0, 유기물함량은 3.7%-14.7%, 치환성 양이온의 경우 울릉도가 다른 조사지역에 비해 비교적 높게 나타났다.

The genetic relationships among five genera, seven species of Theaceae were examined through a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and internal transcribed spacer (ITS). In RAPD analysis, five of 15 arbitrary primers showed polymorphic bands, which were able to classify different genera and species of Theaceae. The genetic variations of Theaceae were from 0.031 to 0.484. In ITS analysis, the ITS sequences were analyzed using BLAST and showed high identities with sequences of Theaceae, seven species published in NCBI GenBank database, which ranged from 98 to 100%. Sequence alignment of seven species showed 34.9% identities for ITS 1 region and 43.7% for ITS 2 region. Pairwise sequence divergences among seven species ranged from 0 to 0.330%. In phylogenetic tree, they were divided into three groups. In conclusion, the molecular data generated in the present investigation will help to understand the genetic relationships of Theaceae and also might be useful for further studies in intra-species, inter-species, and molecular evolution researches.