목적 : 소다-라임-실리카 유리(soda-lime-silica glass,SG) 기판위에 Ti, Ba-naphthenates를 출발원료로 사용하고 졸겔법으로 나노 결정질 TiO2, BaTiO3 박막을 제조하였다. 박막의 특성을 분석하기 위하여 X-선 회절 분석, 전자현미경, UV스펙트럼을 이용하여 연구하였다. 방법 : 코팅용액을 soda-lime-silica glass 기판 위에 스핀코팅하고 공기분위기에서 500℃에서 열분해시켜 박막을 제조하였다. 제조된 TiO2, BaTiO3 박막의 결정화도는 고분해능 X-선 회절분석법으로 그리고 표면미세구조와 거칠기는 전계 방출 현미경과 원자간력 현미경으로 또 자외선(200〜380 nm), 가시광선(380〜750 nm), 적외선(750〜900 nm) 영역의 투과율은 UV-Visible-NIR 분광광도계로 측정되었다. 결과 : TiO2박막은 아나타제 상이 존재하였으며, BaTiO3 박막은 최고 피크가 확인되지 않았다. 열처리한 TiO2, BaTiO3 박막의 가시광선 투과율은 80% 이상의 투과율을 나타냈으며, BaTiO3 박막은 TiO2 박막보다 자외선 및 청광 차단율이 높았다. 결론 : BaTiO3 박막은 TiO2 보다 자외선 및 청광에 대해 더 높은 차단율이 나타냈으며, 가시광선 투과율은 제조된 모든 박막에서 80% 이상의 투과율이 측정되었다.

For electrodes in electrochemical double-layer capacitors, carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were prepared by thermal treatment of precursor polymer nanofibers, fabricated by electrospinning. Poly(acrylonitrile-co-vinylimidazole) (PAV) was employed as a precursor polymer of carbon nanofibers due to the effective cyclization of PAV polymer chains during thermal treatment compared to a typical precursor, polyacrylonitrile (PAN). PAV solutions with different comonomer compositions were prepared and electrospun to produce precursor nanofibers. Surface images obtained from scanning electron microscopy showed that their nanofibrous structure was well preserved after carbonization. It was also confirmed that electrospun PAV nanofibers were successfully converted to carbon nanofibers after the carbonization step by Raman spectroscopy. Carbon nanofiber electrodes derived from PAV showed higher specific capacitances and energy/power densities than those from PAN, which was tested by coin-type cells. It was also shown that PAV with an acrylonitrile/vinylimidazole composition of 83:17 is most promising for the carbon nanofiber precursor exhibiting a specific capacitance of 114 F/g. Their energy and power density are 70.1 Wh/kg at 1 A/g and 9.5 W/kg at 6 A/g, respectively. In addition, pouch cells were assembled to load the higher amount of electrode materials in the cells, and a box-like cyclic voltammetry was obtained with high capacitances.

목적: MR8 로 제조된 안경렌즈에서 굴절력별로 나누어 투과율을 측정하여 광학적 시험 및 청광 영역을 David L.의 분석법을 적용하여 분석하였다 방법: 시중에서 판매되고 있는 MR8 로 제조된 –8.00D, -7.00D, -6.00D, -5.00D, -4.00D, -3.00D, 0.00D의 렌즈를 선정하여 UV-VIS Spectrophotometers(SolidSpec 3700)로 200~1000nm까지 5nm 간격으로 투과율을 측정하고, 청광영역(380~500nm)을 David L.의 청광분석 방법을 적용하여 분석하였다. 결과: 연구에 선정한 MR8렌즈들 모두 UV영역을 거의 모두 차단하였다. –8.00D의 렌즈가 청광영역에서 투과율 59.56%로 가장 낮게 측정되었고 또한, David L. 분석에 따른 청광영역1과 2에서 낮은 값이 측정되었다. 적외선 영역에서는 모든 렌즈의 투과율이 점진적으로 감소하였다. 그리고 시감투과율에서 평균 23.67%~26.33%의 계산값을 얻었고 –4.00D부터 점진적으로 감소하였다. 결론: David L.의 분석법을 적용하면, 청광 1영역에서는 최소 41.28%, 최대 46.60%가 측정되었으며, 청광 2영역에서는 최소 87.30%, 최대 97.55%가 측정되었다. 그리고 청광 3영역에서는 최소 86.83%, 최대 96.55%가 측정되었으며 평균 94%였다. 시감투과율에서는 측정된 렌즈 중 –3.00D렌즈가 26.33%으로 가장 높은 값이 계산되었으며, -8.00D렌즈가 23.67%으로 가장 낮은 계산 값을 얻었다.

We fabricated a Li-S battery with post-treated carbon nanotube (CNT) films which offered better support for sulfur, and investigated the effect of the surface properties and pore structure of the post-treated CNT films on Li-S battery performance. Post-treatments, i.e., acid treatment, unzip process and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) treatment, effectively modified the surface properties and pore structure of the CNT film. The modified pore structure impacted the ability of the CNT films to accommodate the catholyte, resulting in an increase in initial discharge capacity.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of central posteroanterior mobilization on the pain, muscle tone, flexibility of trunk flexion, lumbar lordosis in patient with chronic back pain has been studied. The target subject was a 23 year old man, who had chronic back pain without surgical history within six months. The pain has been indicated by the pressure pain threshold, when the subject was pressed his spinous process of L3-L1 by the pressure of grade Ⅳ. The muscle tone, elasticity, and stiffness were measured by the MYOTONEⓇ PRO, and the flexibility of trunk flexion was evaluated by the distance from the figure tips to the floor, when subjects flexed their body. The lumbar lordosis was measured from the X-ray picture. The lumbar central posteroanterior mobilization of Maitland orthopedic physical therapy has been applied to the spinous process of L3-L1 in grade Ⅳ by five sets and 10 times for each set. According to the measurement result right after the intervention, the pain decreased from 2/10 to 1/10 based on the visual analogue scale. The flexibility of trunk flexion (distance from the finger tips to the floor) increased The muscle tone decreased from 15.3 to 14.65 and the muscle stiffness also decreased 53.5 from 310 to 256.5. However, the muscle elasticity increased from 0.89 to 1.04 and there was no changed on the lumbar lordosis as 25°. The results of the present study suggest that the central posteroanterior mobilization decrease the pain, muscle tone, and muscle stiffness of the lumbar area, however increase the muscle elasticity and flexibility of the trunk flexion.

In every summer, cicadas emerge and become numerically and ecologically dominant in Korean penninsula. Especially, cicada emergence is affected by the environmental factors. In order to evaluate the effect of environmental factors in cicada species, we analyzed the temporal changes in cicada exuviae based on meteorological and non-meteorological factors such as artificial light intensity and habitat characters on urban park area surrounded by residential houses. Combined multivariate analyses with a cluster analysis and a principal component analysis (PCA) were conducted. Samples were classified into 3 different cluster based on differences of meteorological factors such as temperature and humidity. Moreover, Random Forest model (RF) showed a high predictability of daily mean temperature on species peak abundance. These results provide a strong evidence that meteorological factors have significant effects on cicada emergences. Regarding the non-meteorological factors, we found no relationship in cicada emergence.