The carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology from industrial flue-gas has been an important environmental issue in these days. However, membrane process has a number of breakthrough-point to commercialization in scale-up. In this work, process optimization for high purity and high CO2 recovery with lower the capture cost has been investigated. Lab-made membrane pilot process using real flue gas has been also set up to derive industrial factor.

Membrane is a relatively new industrial gas separation technology and has been studied as an alternative CO2 capture technologies to amine absorption. Membrane processes have a merit such as low energy use, small footprint, no by-products formation, and simple operating condition. When applied to flue gas CO2 capture, low CO2 concentration and normal pressure of flue gas stream places a practical limits on the membrane operation. The up-to-date membranes should allow module performance to rise to levels practical for fossil-fuel power station use. In this talk, membrane module is being evaluated for flue gas treatment. Membrane processes using several membranes, which are now being studied under the R&D projects granted by KCRC, are investigated to capture CO2 from the simulated gas.

Facilitated transport membranes in the solid state have been attractive because they can improve both the permeability and the selectivity simultaneously to overcome the trade-off behavior. The carrier activity for facilitated transport plays a key role in determining separation performance. We have reported the solid-state facilitated transport membranes containing surface-activated Ag nanoparticles (NPs) as an olefin carrier for separation of olefin/paraffin mixtures, particularly propylene/propane mixture. Interestingly, the surface positive charge density of Ag atom in Ag NPs was linearly correlated with the propylene solubility and also with the propylene/propane selectivity. In addition, the separation performance has been maintained unchanged up to 500 hours.

We developed a type of sausage made of chicken breast and liquid egg whites for consumers interested in weight management. To determine the quality of the product, its chemical characteristics, fatty acid composition, free amino acid contents, and nucleotides contents were evaluated during 4 weeks of storage. Sensory evaluation was conducted by both general consumers and body-builders. The sausage was proposed as a fat-free product as fat content was 0.12% based on the Korean Indication Standard of Animal Origin Food. Protein content was 13.42% and calorie value was 61.50 kcal/100 g of the sausage. In sensory evaluation, the mixture of chicken breast and egg whites stuffed into the same casing had an adverse effect on taste, color, texture and overall acceptance while the product that contained egg white stuffed separately into the outer casing enclosing the chicken breast (double layer) improved these attributes. The developed double-layer sausage can last for at least 4 weeks of storage without quality deterioration of flavor-related compounds, such as fatty acids and nucleotides.

연소 후 생성되는 연소가스 중 CO2는 온실가스 기체중 하나로, CO2를 처리하기 하기 위해 CCS 기술 개발이 세계적으로 주목 받고 있다. 하지만 단일막을 이용한 CO2 포집 공정에서는 약 14%의 CO2를 포함한 연소 배기가스로부터 고 순도, 고회수율을 달성하기란 매우 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 다단막 공정 디자인 및 다양한 운전 변수를 통하여 14%의 CO2를 가지고 있는 혼합모사가스로부터 순도 73% 회수율 74%의 포집 효율을 얻을 수 있었다.

CO2 capture technologies have been highlighted over the past decades because of global warming. Among the various technologies for CO2 capture, facilitated CO2 transport membranes show high CO2 selective performance by introducing carrier which interacts with CO2. In this presentation, we prepared and investigated facilitated CO2 transport membrane comprising potassium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonylimide] (TF2N) dissolved in a polymer matrix of Pebax1657. Adding potassium salt to the membrane shows further improvement in gas permeabilities while maintaining or even improving the gas selectivity, compared to the corresponding neat polymer membrane. Therefore, we have demonstrated that KTF2N can act as dual carrier for CO2 and its facilitated transport membrane could be very effective in enhancing the CO2 separation performance.

Pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) produced in the subesophageal ganglion is known to stimulate pheromone production in the pheromone gland. A cDNA isolated from female adult heads of Maruca vitrata encodes 197 amino acids including PBAN, designated as Mvi-PBAN, and four other neuropeptides (NPs): diapause hormone (DH) homologue, α-NP, β-NP and γ-NP. All of the peptides are amidated in their C-termini and shared a conserved motif, FXPR(or K)L-NH2 structure. Mvi-PBAN consists of 35 amino acids as previously reported (Chang and Ramasamy, 2014). RT-PCR analysis revealed that Mvi-PBAN cDNA was expressed in all examined body parts. Nucleotide sequence analysis of RT-PCR products indicated the Mvi-PBAN sequence was identical in all examined body parts of both sexes. These results suggest that Mvi-PBAN expression is maintained in examined stages or tissues.

Membrane technology for CO2 capture from flue-gas has been intensively considered due to their energy efficiency, small footprint and process accessibility for large-scale up without any by-products. There are many world-score membrane materials has been developed so far, and large-scale modulation and process design are key issues for industrial application in carbon capture technology. To reach the goal of high purity as well as high recovery, configuration and operation parameter should be optimized in aspect of process design. In this study, single membrane module performance for process design and the multi-stage membrane configuration has been suggested to optimize operating parameter for high purity and recovery. Operation parameters such as stage-cut and pressure ratio will also be discussed for high purity and recovery.

Mathematical models are developed for single and multi-stage membrane processes to simulate gas separation in MATLAB®. The single-stage membrane process simulations are validated through comparison with mixed-gas experimental results at different operating condition. Based on this validated single-stage process model, multi-stage membrane processes including 2 or 3 stages membranes with recycle streams are simulated. The resulting simulation outputs are shown to reproduce experiment results with reasonable accuracy. Hence, this process modeling framework can be utilized in future design and optimization studies.

The carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology from industrial flue-gas is an important environmental issue these days. Membrane process can be competitive technology for its relatively small footprint and eco-friendly system. Many membrane modules with high selectivity and excellent flux have been developed so far. However, the high purity and recovery for CO2 capture can be achieved by optimization of operating conditions such as membrane area, feed/permeate pressure ratio and humidity of flue gas as well as membrane permeance or selectivity. In this study, we discuss the effect of operating parameters for high CO2 purity and recovery at permeate side. Using polymeric hollow fiber membrane, the single membrane process was tested to figure out the effect of feed flow rate, pressure ratio, membrane area and moisture content.

The pheromone biosynthesis in Plutella xylostella is stimulated a neuropeptide, pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide which is produced in subesophageal ganglion. The pheromone production is more active in the scotophase than in the photophase, which suggests that there may be changes of gene expression in the pheromone glands. To analyze gene expression related to pheromone biosynthesis, we performed transcriptomes of pheromone glands which were isolated at every 4 h. Eleven pheromone biosynthesis-related genes, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, enoyl-CoA hydratase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, Δ9 desaturase, Δ11 desaturase, fatty acid reductase, alcohol oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and aldehyde reductase were identified. Among these genes, the expression of aldehyde reductase and aldehyde oxidase were relatively higher in the scotophase than in photophase, which may affect increase of pheromone production in the scotophase. Expression of signal genes involving in pheromone biosynthesis such as acyl-CoA desaturase, FAR, PBAN receptor, fatty acid transporter and acyl-CoA binding protein did not exhibited any significant difference.

A rapid cold hardening (RCH) and supercooling capacity usually play crucial roles in survival during the overwintering period in the tobacco budworm, Helicoverpa assulta, a freeze-susceptible species. Cryoprotectants such as polyol or sugar affect RCH and maintain fluid status of hemolymph. This study is performed to identify cryoprotectants as a RCH factor in H. assulta. Pre-exposure of H. assulta larvae to 4℃ significantly increased survival at -10℃ in all developmental stages from egg to adult. RCH was dependent on the duration of the pre-exposure period. RCH also significantly enhanced the supercooling capacity. Analysis of cryoprotectants from the hemolymph revealed that the pre-exposure treatment allowed the larvae to accumulate glycerol and trehalose among polyols examined. In addition, unknown materials from 2 peaks were also increased. TIC analysis revealed 3 predicted formulas for unknown materials, C26H24O20S or C3H4N6OS and C22H20O21. Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and glycerol 3-phosphatase (G3P) that involving in glycerol biosynthesis were identified from the transcriptome of H. assulta 4th instar larvae. Based on the expression level of transcripts, the expressions of GPDH and G3P were relatively increased when compared to that of the control, suggesting that these genes contribute to overwintering and biosynthesis of glycerol.

The cultivation methods of Acanthopanax in Korea need to be optimized. Hence, this study investigated the effect of different fertilizer ratios and planting dates on the growth and acanthoside D content of two (2) Acanthopanax species. The current recommended fertilizer rate of 10.5-8.5-8.5 kg/ha- (N-P2O5-K2O, respectively) produced the best plant growth of Acanthopanax. For the first year, the acanthoside D content resulting from the 2P (2x phosphate) rate was higher than that from the other fertilizer ratios, yet there were no significant differences resulting from the various treatments for either Acanthopanax divaricatus or Acanthopanax koreanum. Similarly, for the second year, there were no significant differences in the acanthoside D content resulting from the various fertilizer ratios, although for both species the acanthoside D content resulting from the 2P rate was slightly higher than that from the other treatments. Therefore, the results indicated that doubling the amount of phosphate increased the acanthoside D content. Plus, the optimum planting date with respect to growth and productivity for Acanthopanax divaricatus was identified as April 15. The cultivation methods of Acanthopanax in Korea need to be optimized. Hence, this study investigated the effect of different fertilizer ratios and planting dates on the growth and acanthoside D content of two (2) Acanthopanax species. The current recommended fertilizer rate of 10.5-8.5-8.5 kg/ha- (N-P2O5-K2O, respectively) produced the best plant growth of Acanthopanax. For the first year, the acanthoside D content resulting from the 2P (2x phosphate) rate was higher than that from the other fertilizer ratios, yet there were no significant differences resulting from the various treatments for either Acanthopanax divaricatus or Acanthopanax koreanum. Similarly, for the second year, there were no significant differences in the acanthoside D content resulting from the various fertilizer ratios, although for both species the acanthoside D content resulting from the 2P rate was slightly higher than that from the other treatments. Therefore, the results indicated that doubling the amount of phosphate increased the acanthoside D content. Plus, the optimum planting date with respect to growth and productivity for Acanthopanax divaricatus was identified as April 15. The cultivation methods of Acanthopanax in Korea need to be optimized. Hence, this study investigated the effect of different fertilizer ratios and planting dates on the growth and acanthoside D content of two (2) Acanthopanax species. The current recommended fertilizer rate of 10.5-8.5-8.5 kg/ha- (N-P2O5-K2O, respectively) produced the best plant growth of Acanthopanax. For the first year, the acanthoside D content resulting from the 2P (2x phosphate) rate was higher than that from the other fertilizer ratios, yet there were no significant differences resulting from the various treatments for either Acanthopanax divaricatus or Acanthopanax koreanum. Similarly, for the second year, there were no significant differences in the acanthoside D content resulting from the various fertilizer ratios, although for both species the acanthoside D content resulting from the 2P rate was slightly higher than that from the other treatments. Therefore, the results indicated that doubling the amount of phosphate increased the acanthoside D content. Plus, the optimum planting date with respect to growth and productivity for Acanthopanax divaricatus was identified as April 15. The cultivation methods of Acanthopanax in Korea need to be optimized. Hence, this study investigated the effect of different fertilizer ratios and planting dates on the growth and acanthoside D content of two (2) Acanthopanax species. The current recommended fertilizer rate of 10.5-8.5-8.5 kg/ha- (N-P2O5-K2O, respectively) produced the best plant growth of Acanthopanax. For the first year, the acanthoside D content resulting from the 2P (2x phosphate) rate was higher than that from the other fertilizer ratios, yet there were no significant differences resulting from the various treatments for either Acanthopanax divaricatus or Acanthopanax koreanum. Similarly, for the second year, there were no significant differences in the acanthoside D content resulting from the various fertilizer ratios, although for both species the acanthoside D content resulting from the 2P rate was slightly higher than that from the other treatments. Therefore, the results indicated that doubling the amount of phosphate increased the acanthoside D content. Plus, the optimum planting date with respect to growth and productivity for Acanthopanax divaricatus was identified as April 15. The cultivation methods of Acanthopanax in Korea need to be optimized. Hence, this study investigated the effect of different fertilizer ratios and planting dates on the growth and acanthoside D content of two (2) Acanthopanax species. The current recommended fertilizer rate of 10.5-8.5-8.5 kg/ha- (N-P2O5-K2O, respectively) produced the best plant growth of Acanthopanax. For the first year, the acanthoside D content resulting from the 2P (2x phosphate) rate was higher than that from the other fertilizer ratios, yet there were no significant differences resulting from the various treatments for either Acanthopanax divaricatus or Acanthopanax koreanum. Similarly, for the second year, there were no significant differences in the acanthoside D content resulting from the various fertilizer ratios, although for both species the acanthoside D content resulting from the 2P rate was slightly higher than that from the other treatments. Therefore, the results indicated that doubling the amount of phosphate increased the acanthoside D content. Plus, the optimum planting date with respect to growth and productivity for Acanthopanax divaricatus was identified as April 15.

Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) are very interesting in several laboratory animals and humans because they are easy to harvest and expand to generate millions of cells from a small quantity of fat. ASCs are known as useful materials for clinical applications in human cell therapy and as a donor cell in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Here, we investigated if 1) minipig ASCs can be isolated, self-renewed and differentiated into multiple tissue lineages, 2) ASCs can be a suitable donor cell type for generation of cloned pig. In order to isolate ASC, adipose tissues were collected from inguinal region of a 6-year-old female minipig. The ASCs were attached to the culture dish with a fibroblast-like morphology. They expressed cell-surface marker characteristics of stem cell, underwent osteogenic, adipogenic, myogenic, neurogenic and chondrogenic differentiation when exposed to specific differentiation-inducing conditions. To investigate its potential as donor cell for cloning, we respectively carried out SCNT using ASC, adult skin fibroblast (ASF) and fetal fibroblast (FF) derived from same minipig. The ratio of blastocysts to 2-cell embryos and total cell number of blastocysts were monitored as experimental parameters. In results, cleavage and developmental competence to blastocysts rate showed no significant difference among the three groups. On the other hand, total cell numbers of blastocysts derived from ASC and FF were significantly higher than in ASF (89±7.9 and 105±5.5 vs. 57.5±5.2, respectively). Our results demonstrated that ASC have potential compared to ASF and FF in terms of the in vitro development and blastocyst formation ability. In further study, we will investigate the in vivo developmental ability of ASC as donor cell for pig cloning. * This study was supported by IPET (#311011-05-1-SB010), RNL Bio (#550-20120006), Institute for Veterinary Science, the BK21 program, TS Corporation and Optifarm Solution.

This study aims to reveal how EA affects BAX and NF-kB involved in cell deaths from global ischemia, and to do this, observes the changes of BAX and NF-kB caused by EA application after transient global ischemia. The experimental method is to give rise to global ischemia and apply EA to 27 SD rats with the particulars of being six-week-old, male, around-300 gram-weighing, and adapted to laboratory environment for more than a week, and divide them into three groups, that is, GV20 EA group(n=9), L14 EA group(n=9), no-treatment GI group(n=9), and then observe their changes of BAX and NF-kB at the time lapse of 6 hours, 9 hours and 12 hours after ischemia, using western blotting. The numerical decrease of BAX expression at the time lapse of 9 hours after EA application, though not statistically significant, was observed in GV20 EA group and L14 EA group, and the NF-kB expression appeared statistically significant decrease in GV20 EA group and L14 EA group, but the expression was higher in the group with EA application. Therefore, EA application at the early phase of global ischemia is considered to affect BAX and NF-kB and play a positive role in decreasing apoptosis and cell deaths by inflammation.

Insects or insect remains found in beer are one of major issues in consumer claim. Accurate estimation of inflow time isa critical factor for the settlement of such claims related with beer-contaminating insects but no reliable methods have been developed. In an attempt to establish a molecular marker-based diagnostic method, the degradation rates of 18S rRNA genes in the insectssoaked in 500 ml beer were investigated by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) over one month period at room temperature. Among the six insect species tested, the house fly (Musca domestica) and honey bee (Apis mellifera) revealed high correlations (r2=0.974-0.990) between the degradation of 18S rRNA gene and inflow time. In these insects, statistically significant distinction was possible between the samples stored in beer less than 14 days and more than 14 days. Other insects, including the fruit fly, common house mosquito, German cockroach and Indian meal moth, displayed poor correlations, which appeared attributed to the inefficient genomic DNA extraction likely due to small sample size or disintegration of body parts during storage in beer. With proper improvement in DNA extraction, this 18S rRNA-based diagnostic method would be applicable for estimating the inflow time of beer-contaminating insects.

The isolated single coronary artery is a rare congenital anomaly, in which both coronary arteries arise from a solitary ostium. Diagnosis of coronary anomalies and identification of the exact anatomy of coronary arteries has significant clinical importance, hence, myocardial ischemia or sudden cardiac death is usually related to its course of anomalous coronary artery. Most patients with a single coronary artery are asymptomatic and have normal electrocardiogram and negative stress tests. However, if the patient has other structural abnormalities, for example, ventricular hypertrophy, the exam is determined. This report describes a case of single coronary artery, where the right coronary artery originated from the distal left circumflex artery in a patient with hypertrophic ardiomyopathy.

Acinetobacter baumannii is usually considered an opportunistic pathogen that it responsible for a variety of nosocomial infections, such as, pneumonia, tracheobronchitis, meningitis, endocarditis, peritonitis, skin and soft tissue infections, and urinary tract infections. However, over the years, the organism has developed substantial antimicrobial resistance, and thus, the management of infections has become more difficult. The less common infective endocarditis is one of the more serious consequences of nosocomial bacteremia. Here, we report the successful treatment of the first case of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii endocarditis in a 33-year-old patient.