The importance of the telecommunication industry is well recognized. However, few studies provide a systematic approach to measuring the competitiveness of this industry. In this paper, competitiveness and globalization indices are developed within the framework of the generalized double diamond model. These measures are calculated from the survey data of the evaluation of Korea`s telecommunication industry by foreign investors in Korea. Policy makers will find these two indices useful in formulating effective policies to enhance the competitiveness of the telecommunication industry.

1) 강력한 위조독소(Wilt toxin)인 Fusaric acid를 생성하는 것으로 알려진 참깨시들음병균(Fusarium oxysporum f. vasinfectum)의 배양여액이 참깨의 종자발아 및 발아후의 유식물의 생육에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 이 시험연구에 착수하였다. 2) Fusarium oxysporum f. vasinfectum의 5종의 계통의 배양여액은 모두 참깨종자의 발아를 억제하고 종자의 흑변, 괴사를 초래한다. 3) 공시균의 어떤 계통의 배양여액에 대한 참깨종자의 발아반응에 있어서의 품종간 차이는 없다. 4) 공시균의 5종의 계통의 배양여액이 참깨종자의 발아를 억제하는 독성에는 뚜렷한 차이가 있다. 5) 공시균의 5종의 계통의 배양여액을 첨가한 육묘상에서는 발아후의 참깨유식물의 뿌리나 줄기의 신장이 다 같이 억제되며 조직은 흑변, 괴사하게 된다. 그러나 배양여액을 첨가한 육묘상에서는 줄기의 신장생장 약간 촉진되는 경향이 있다. 6) 공시균의 배양여액을 내지 첨가한 Knop Solution에 본엽이 생기지 않은 참깨 유식물을 배양하면 참깨의 뿌리나 줄기의 신장생장이 억제되고 제2본엽이 전개할 때까지에 줄기나 잎자루나 연화, 흑변, 괴사하며 제1본엽에는 맥간에 염갈색반문이 형성되고 제2본엽은 권축, 흑변, 괴사하며 특히 제2본엽에 나타나는 병상은 포장에서 나타나는 참깨의 잎의 위조병징과 흡사하다. 7) 공시균의 5종의 계통간에 나타나는 배양여액의 독성의 차이는 공시균의 각계통자체의 기생에 의한 병원성의 차이와 일치하지 않는다

Achondroplasia is associated with craniofacial abnormality, musculoskeletal deformations, and respiratory, cardiovascular abnormalities. So, anesthetic management is one of clinical challenges. Herein, we report and discuss a case of achondroplastic patient underwent osteosynthesis for femur fracture, which was chosen on the base of patient’s anatomical and physiological characteristics. The patient had thoracolumbar kyphosis (21.8°), previous spine surgery, short neck, obstructive sleep apnea, and mild cervical limitation. Intubation was conducted with smaller cuffed endotracheal tube under videolaryngoscope guidance. Mechanical ventilation was applied with volume control mode, using a tidal volume of 8-10 ml/kg without positive end-expiratory pressure. The patient was supine after placing support under shoulders and head during intubation and surgery. Intraoperative body temperature was maintained using air-forced waring blanket. Complete and careful preoperative evaluation is absolutely important to select the appropriate anesthetic method. Ideal anesthetic management in each case should be based on an individualized decision-making.

국내에서 생산되는 벼의 저장안전성 확보를 위한 기초기 반연구로 플라즈마 기술을 이용하여 벼의 저장기간 및 온도에 따른 미생물 생육 및 성분 변화를 관찰하였다. 플라즈마 시스템은 컨테이너형 유전격벽 플라즈마로 공기방전방식을 이용하여 삼광, 청품, 미소미, 팔방미 품종을 0, 10 및 20분간 처리하여 4℃, 25℃에서 2달간 저장하여 실험하였 다. 미생물 생육 변화를 관찰한 결과 저장 초기에는 일반호기성 미생물은 3.46-3.86 log CFU/g, 곰팡이는 2.27-2.86 log CFU/g이 검출되었다. 저장온도 및 기간에 따라 일반호기성 미생물 및 곰팡이의 생육은 증가하였으며, 품종간의 큰 차이는 없었다. 저장한 후의 미생물 분석 결과 플라즈마 처리 군의 미생물이 약 1.50 log CFU/g 적게 생육되었다. 플라즈마 처리한 벼의 수분함량을 측정한 결과 플라즈마 처리에 의한 큰 차이는 관찰되지 않았으나, 저장온도가 올라가면 수분함량이 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 지방은 플라즈마에 의해 감소하는 경향을 보였으나, 단백질 함량은 플라즈마 및 저장조건에 따른 일관적인 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. 아밀로스 함량의 경우 삼광, 청품, 미소미 품종은 플라즈마에 의한 함량 변화는 관찰되지 않았으나 팔방미는 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 플라즈마에 의해 벼의 저장안전성을 개선할 수 있으며 품질 변화의 최소화를 위하여 저온저장이 효과적이라고 판단된다.

Background : Insect pests damages are increasing on the field of Lycium chinense under eco-friendly organic management and especially, pest damage of Gelechiidae (Ilseopsis parki Povolny) is serious. Currently, various eco-friendly organic materials are registered, but insecticidal activity against Gelechiidae was not verified. Therefore, this experiment was carried out to select eco-friendly organic materials showing insecticidal activity in Gelechiidae. Methods and Results : To test insecticidal activity, the Gelechiidae lavas were collected from the field and Nine eco-friendly organic materials were collected from the market. method. The insecticidal activity assay method was, putting Gelechiidae lavas on the 90mm petridish then water-diluted eco-friendly organic materials were sprayed onto the laver. Result of insecticidal activity was observed with a microscope 10 minutes, 2 hours and 18 hours after the treatment. Microscopic observation results, insecticidal activity was shown only in 5 out of 9 materials. Conclusion : As a result, Insecticidal activity against Gelechiidae was not effective in all tested materials, but the 5 eco-friendly organic materials showed the same effect in repeated experiments. In this study, we selected 5 materials out of 9 eco-friendly organic materials against Gelechiidae, then future studies are planned to select the most suitable materials by field testing the 5 eco-friendly organic materials.

Background : The most problematic disease in Boxthorn is Anthracnose. New variety with Anthracnose-resistant is good for high yield and Safe fruit production in open field. Therefore it is necessary to develop a New variety with Anthracnose -resistant and high yield. Methods and Results : The new boxthorn line, CB10511-104 was selected from the cross between Cheongun (IT232599) and CB08456-113 to breed new variety with high yield and Anthracnose-resistant in 2011. Its preliminary yield test was performed from 2012 to 2013 and the selected line was named Cheongyang 25. Its regional yield trials were carried out in Cheongyang, Yesan and Jindo for 3 years, from 2014 to 2016. Cheongyang 25 was registered as the new variety, Cheonggeum, in 2016. The specific characteristics were summarized as follows; Tree shape is open type and the leaf is round-lanceolate. The flowers are normal size and purple. The fruit is large size, round oval and yellowish red. The flowering was June 19 with medium flowering. Number of sprout branch by pruning was generated more than the check variety, Cheongmeong. The infection rates on leaves to Eriophys macrodonis Keifer was as strong as 39.6 percent. Anthracnose on fruits in open field was slightly similare compared to the check variety, but check variety was Anthracnose-resistant. The content of betaine and free sugar in dried-fruits were higher than that of the check variety. The dried-fruit yield was decreased about 17 percent in open field. Conclusion : This variety ‘Cheonggeum’ was suitable for cultivation in open field because of Anthracnose-resistant. It is necessary the companion variety, Cheonghong, because of self-incompatible.

Background : Acreage of rain-shelter plastic greenhouse to prevent anthrax is being gradually increased according to growing importance of safe Boxthorn production. But When Boxthorn is grown in the hot season in rain-shelter plastic greenhouse, Fertility decreases. The fertilization rate tends to be different according to cultivated variety and ventilation type of rain-shelter plastic greenhouse. Therefore it is necessary to identify cause and look for a solution. Methods and Results : In the experiment, ‘Cheongun’ cultivar was grown in the rain-shelter plastic greenhouses for the tests. Environment of rain-shelter plastic greenhouses, fertilization rate and density of flower visiting insect were investigated according to ventilation type. Pollen germination and pollen tube elongation on stigma were investigated according to temperature. In mid-July, the temperature on a clear day rose to 45℃ in rain-shelter plastic greenhouse of side vents. Pollen germination and pollen tube elongation on stigma were normal for 3 hours on 30, 35℃. Fertilization rate was somewhat reduced on 40℃ but Pollen germination and pollen tube elongation was good. On 45℃, fertilization rate was very poor and There was no pollen germination. Density of flower visiting insect in rain-shelter plastic greenhouse of roof and side vents was higher than that in rain-shelter plastic greenhouse of side vents. The fertilization rate on high temperature did not show any difference regardless of ventilation type. The rate of artificial cross-fertilization and airborne fertilization were high in rain-shelter plastic greenhouse of roof and side vents. It was necessary to improve airborne fertilization rate because airborne fertilization rate was significantly lower than artificial cross-fertilization regardless of ventilation type. Conclusion : When it was cultivated in rain-shelter plastic greenhouse, the reasons for the lowering of the fertilization rate were as follows. Density of flower visiting insect was low. Boxthorn, which was insect pollination crop, was needed sufficient flower visiting insect on flowering period. But it was insufficiency especially in rain-shelter plastic greenhouse of side vents. Another reason was decrease in pollen germination and pollen tube elongation. Pollen germination was suppressed in the high temperature.

Background : Angelica dahurica Bentham et Hooker, Angelica gigas Nakai, Ostericum koreanum Maximowicz and Peucedanum japonicum Thumberg　are a major medicinal plant in north Geungbuk province. Using medicinal plants are impotant it`s ingredient. Dry condition and stroage method are not standard manual. The ingredient variation of dry condition and stroage method were not researched. Methods and Results : Using plant material were cutivated on Gyongsangbukdo Bonghwa area. It were studied ingredient variation after dry and storage condition by HPLC methods. Major ingredient of Angelica gigas Nakai are decurusin, decurusinangelate. Heated air bulk dry get more decursin than natuarl dry and decurusinangelate of natural bulk dry was higher than heated air bulk dry. Major ingredient of Ostericum koreanum Maximowicz are imperatorin and isoimperatorin.. Imperatorin of Ostericum koreanum was highest peak on 50℃ heated-air dry after plastic bag sorage and isoimperatorin was highest peak on 40℃ heated-air dry after mountain cultivation. Imperatorin is a major ingredient Angelica dahurica Bentham et Hooker. Heated air bulk dry get more decursin and decursinangelate than natuarl dry and small heated-air dry. Peucedanol-7o_glucoside is a major ingredient Peucedanum japonicum Thumberg. Natural bulk dry get more peucedanol-7o_glucoside than heated-air bulk dry. Conclusion : Ingredient of Angelica dahurica Bentham et Hooker, Angelica gigas Nakai, Ostericum koreanum Maximowicz are different under various cutivation, drying method, storage. Diffent Ingedients of Angelica gigas Nakai, Ostericum koreanum Maximowicz were not accord it’s optical conditon.

Background : Platycodon grandiflorum has been used as food material and a traditional medicine in Korea. In order to develop an efficient in vitro micropropagation technique for a rare plant species and conservation for inbred line of plant breeding. Methods and Results : Plant regeneration via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis was investigated in Platycodon grandiflorum. Leaf, stem, root tissues of 7-day-old seedlings were cultured on 1/2MS medium containing various concentration (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 ㎎/L) of IBA, BA and NAA. The results showed that 1/2MS medium supplemented with BA+NAA 2.0 ㎎/L yielded the highest callus formation ratio of 73.5%. When various tissues (leaf, stem, root) were tested on 1/2MS medium containing BA 2.0 ㎎/L+ NAA 2.0 ㎎/L for somatic embryogenesis, the optimum tissue for embryogenic shoot induction was stem tissue. Callus were cultured on MS medium containing various concentration (0, 0.5 and 1 ㎎/L) of BA and NAA. The best rooting rate was achieved by three different medium (B5, 1/2MS and MS) and 1/2MS medium cultured the highest rooting ratio (82%). Conclusion : This study suggested that above micropropagation techniques can be used for rapid multiplication as well as in vitro or in vivo conservation of the Platycodon species.

Background : To diversify and increase the demend of Boxthorn, it is breeding for medicinal herbs, food and fresh fruit. Therefore Ningxia with the high sugar content and Black Fruit Containing a lot of functional ingredients have been used for cross breeding. As a result, many new lines were developed. Therefore It was carried out to use as a data for new varieties through the characterization of good lines. Methods and Results : 12 varieties and lines were investigated. Diploid boxthorn were Chengmyeong (Lycium chinense Mill.), Ningxia (Lycium barbarum L.) and Black Fruit (Lycium ruthenicum Murray). Tetraploid boxthorn is Whasu. Breeding Lines were CB13593-8, CB13595-4, CB13592-9, CB13596-1, CB13597-37, CB14643-43, CB14622-2 and CB14626-4. The fruit of lines crossed with Black Fruit (Lycium ruthenicum Murray) were round. The various lines were breeded with black fruit, good fruiting and good soil adaptability. Leaves were small and thin in Compared with tetraploid Boxthorn, Whasu. Sugar content was very high in CB14643-43, CB13595-4, CB13597-37 and CB13593-8. So it’s good for fresh fruit. Conclusion : CB14643-43, CB13595-4, CB13597-37 and CB13593-8 lines were good for fresh fruit because of high sugar content of the fruit. CB14622-2 and CB13596-1 lines were good for food because of fruit color, seed weight and number of seeds. But these are required function component analysis.

Background : Curcuma longa L., in the family Zingiberaceae, is distributed in tropical and/or sub-tropical regions mainly in India and China. This species is commonly called turmeric, powder is used as medicinal herbs and/or flavor enhancer. It has been cultivated in southern region mainly Jindo. However, it might be possible to extend cultivation regions due to rise in average temperature. In order to select superior lines based on agronomic characteristics, we analyzed multivariate and estimated selection effects from C. longa germplasm. Methods and Results : The C. longa germplasm were cultivated in an experimental field located in Eumseong, NIHHS, RDA. The harvested roots were investigated in agronomic characteristics included in yield and then considered its relationship among the 9 germplasm by multivariate analysis method. Results from principal component analysis (PCoA) showed that it represented 70.00% and 80.44% accumulated explanation from four and five principal compounds (PC). PCoA was conducted from 9 agronomic characteristics and then correlation coefficient has been showed by analysis between each main component value and agronomic characteristics. Value of the first PC was 2.25, 24.96% explanation of total dispersion, plant height, number of rootlet and weight of rootlet were correlated with a somewhat higher level as 0.41, 0.43 and 0.52. Value of the fifth PC was 0.94, 10.43% explanation of total dispersion, the number of shoots was correlated with a higher level as 0.87. Selection effects with outstanding candidate lines including higher lines were estimated at 126.13% in yield. Conclusion : These data on multivariate based on agronomic characteristics will be give us invaluable breeding information by selection of superior lines.

Background : Liriope platyphylla Wang et. Tang is a perennial plant and its tuberous root is used as herbal medicine. Liriope platyphylla is grown throughout a year from April to April of next year. Recently, the production was lowered because of severe drought/rainfall and injury by successive cropping. The ridge height affected the growth of shoots and roots as affected by drought or rainfall. It is necessary to establish the cultivation techniques for stable quantity per unit area and good tuber’s quality. This experiment was carried out to select a cultivar of good tuber quality and to determine the ridge height for high-yielding. Methods and Results : It were investigated the characteristics of roots and tubers depending on different ridge heights in four varieties of Liriope platyphylla Wang et. Tang. There was not significantly different in shoot growth by different ridge heights. The tubers distribution in less than 10cm soil depth at the surface was decreased about 6.6% in the 15cm ridge height compared to 5cm. So, the mean distributed position of tubers was deepened at higher ridge. The cultivars that tubers were mainly distributed in the 10cm depth from surface was Seoungsu and Cheongyang natives’s lines. The no. of tubers per a plant and the ratio of marketable tubers were increased about 13.2% and 20.1% in the 15cm ridge height compared to 5cm. Considering the tuber sizes and ratio of marketable tubers, Cheongshim and Maekmundong 1 has good quality than Seoungsu or Cheongyang natives’s lines. The tuber yield increased about 19.5% in the 15cm ridge height compared to the 5cm. So, high ridge was advantaged to increase the yield. Conclusion : From the above results, the quality and quantity of tubers of Liriope platyphylla Wang et. Tang was good in the higher ridge. We recommended Cheongshim cultivar because of the large tuber sizes and high ratio of marketable tubers.

Background : Liriope platyphylla Wang et. Tang is a species of Liliaceae and its tuber is used as medicinal herbs. This medicinal plant is mainly cultivated in Cheongyang and Buyeo of Chungcheongnam-Do and Miryang of Gyeongsangnam-Do. It is necessary to establish a cultivation techniques for stable production to solve the problems that are found on farms. These farm surveys were carried out to obtain the basic data on soil environment and cultivation conditions at main producing areas of Chungnam-Do in Liriope platyphylla Wang et. Tang. Methods and Results : The surveys were investigated from 37 farmers in Cheongyang and 32 farmers in Buyeo who cultivate Liriope platyphylla Wang et. Tang. There were slightly differences in the local characteristics between Cheongyang and Buyeo. The rate of successive cropping for more than 3 years were 19% at Cheongyang and 41% in Buyeo. The reason may be due to the a small-owned field. It has grown 28% at Cheongyang and 59% at Buyeo in paddy fields. The injury by successive cropping that farmers argued were the increasing pest/disease occurrence, degradation of tuber quality and yield reduction. Crops planted after the harvest of L. platyphylla were mostly Pepper or soybean in upland. It is necessary to reduce the injury of successive cropping. The results of 112 soil analysis data were classified by 8 soil series. There are many acidic soil, lack of organic matter, excess phosphate. However, it did not analyzed the influences on the growth and yield of the crop as affected by different soil conditions. Conclusion : From the above results, it is necessary to develop cultivation techniques on the reduction of injury of successive cropping, such as cropping system, seedling transplanting cultivation, cultivation methods for good agricultural practices(GAP) and soil improvement.

Background : Acreage of rain-shelter plastic greenhouse to prevent anthrax is being gradually increased according to growing importance of safe Boxthorn production. But When Boxthorn is grown in the hot season in rain-shelter plastic greenhouse, quantity of Boxthorn decreases. therefore the research was carried out to investigate Fertilization mode. Methods and Results : Chungwoon was very strong self-incompatibility. Chengyangjaerae, Chengyang18 and CBP11542-206 was self-compatibility. Artificial fertilization rate was slightly higher in roof and side vents than in side vents of rain-shelter plastic greenhouse in hot season. Pollen sterility due to high temperature is not critical because artificial fertilization rate was high in side vents of rain-shelter plastic greenhouse in hot season. Airborne fertilization rate was significantly lower in all varieties. Open fertilization rate was higher in roof and side vents than in side vents of rain-shelter plastic greenhouse Conclusion : Roof and side vents was good in compared to side vents in rain-shelter plastic greenhouse of Boxthorn because of high Airborne and open fertilization rate. Self-compatibility varieties were better than self-incompatibility varieties in rain- shelter plastic greenhouse because of high open fertilization rate.

Central venous catheterization can induce cardiac arrhythmias, such as, premature atrial or ventricular complexes, which are typically transient events. However, sometimes it initiates supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) with hemodynamic repercussions. We present a case of supraventricular tachycardia with cardiovascular collapse during central venous catheterization in a 32-year-old woman with an ovarian mass who required exploratory laparotomy. At first, the guide wire was withdrawn and carotid sinus massage attempted, but the patient did not return to sinus rhythm. Eventually, reversion to sinus rhythm was achieved after injecting adenosine.

A chemical, MNU-induced hulless barley mutant line designated as 'Mutant 98 (M98)' was developed from a Korean hulless waxy barley cultivar, 'Chalssalbori'. The objective of the study was to determine the genetic basis of 'M98' and the possibility of using 'M98' as breeding parent to improve lysine level. Compared to 'Chalssalbori', 'M98' had large embryo and higher lysine content in both the embryo and endosperm. Significantly different lysine content in 'M98' and the other high-lysine barley mutant stocks was observed for two years. However, the genotype by year interaction was not significant. 'M98' was higher than the other high-lysine barley mutant stocks in the percentage of lysine of total amino acid composition (0.75%). The trait of shrunken endosperm of 'M98', which was typical in the high-lysine mutants, was inherited by a single recessive gene. Based on seed morphology and lysine content of F1 seeds, 'M98' had a genetically different gene from the other high-lysine mutants for shrunken endosperm. Segregation of F2 for plump/shrunken endosperm did not fit the expected ratio of Mendelian inheritance except for only one cross combination (GSHO1784 (lys1)/M98). The amino acid analysis of F5 and F6 progenies from the cross between 'M98' and 'Chalssalbori' revealed that the attempt to increase the range of lysine content of plump lines did not go beyond the limit of the average high-lysine barley germplasm.