A 9-year-old, intact female, Pungsan dog was referred for purulent vaginal discharge and depression. Abdominal radiographs revealed gas-filled and soft tissue opacity tubular structures in the mid to caudal abdomen. On ultrasonography, fluid-filled uterus and cervix accompanied by hyperechoic foci and reverberation artifacts were identified. Multiple hyperechoic foci were found within the uterine wall, indicating gas content. Escherichia coli was isolated from aerobic and anaerobic bacterial cultures. Radiological differential diagnosis of tubular shaped, dilated gas-filled structure, and gas in the wall of the structure should consider emphysematous pyometra with endometrial pneumatosis in intact female dogs with vulvar discharge.

This study aims to restore the dignity of the elderly based on “filial piety” and community values in preparation for the 'silver tsunami' in Jeju by studying the case of Whitney Center in the United States, PASSi, Jeju's Isidol Nursing Home, and the haenyeo society. The main goal was to develop the Asian Jeong Nang model which was named by professor Koh Chang Hoon, Chair of Island Research Institute at Jeju National university. Jeong Nang(정낭) is the gateway with 3 wooden bars to the traditional residential space of Jeju where several generations live together. Dr. Hesung Chun Koh, Chair of East Rock Institute gave me motivation and support for the study of the elderly welfare model at the Jeju National University Island Research Institute. As the head of this study, I was dispatched from the Jeju National University Island Research Institute to the East Rock Institute (ERI). Dr. Hesung Chun Koh, M.D. Ann Datunashivili who is a practice professor at Medical School of Yale and in charge of Medical Center of Whitney Center. and Mike RambaRose who is Chief Executive Officer of Whitney Center, supported my research. In addition ImJa Choi, CEO of PASSi, also allowed two research students, Lee Seung Yong and Ko Yu Seok, from Jeju National University, to help my research related to psycho-social approach for the elderly at PASSi. This study was intended to develop a model for senior citizens in Korea through Hesung Chun Koh's ERI CCAI Model, Whitney Center's residential apartment model for retired seniors, and PASSi's community care model for the multi-cultural community.

A 13-year-old mixed dog was referred to the animal medical center, Gyeongsang National University. Lung masses were diagnosed at the left cranial and caudal lobes through diagnostic imaging, and consequently, left pneumonectomy was performed using a self-cutting linear endoscopic stapler. The pulmonary arteries, veins, and bronchus of each lung lobe were sealed and resected at once, and any air leakage or bleeding was not observed after the surgery. Compared to the conventional ligation method, the self-cutting linear endoscopic stapler has the advantage of significantly reducing the operation time and enabling simple and reliable sealing.

In weapon assignment studies to defend against threats such as ballistic missiles and long range artillery, threat assessment was partially lacking in analysis of various threat attributes, and considering the threat characteristics of warheads, which are difficult to judge in the early flight stages, it is very important to apply more reliable optimal solutions than approximate solution using LP model, Meta heuristics Genetic Algorithm, Tabu search and Particle swarm optimization etc. Our studies suggest Generic Rule based threat evaluation and weapon assignment algorithm in the basis of various attributes of threats. First job of studies analyzes information on Various attributes such as the type of target, Flight trajectory and flight time, range and intercept altitude of the intercept system, etc. Second job of studies propose Rule based threat evaluation and weapon assignment algorithm were applied to obtain a more reliable solution by reflection the importance of the interception system. It analyzes ballistic missiles and long-range artillery was assigned to multiple intercept system by real time threat assessment reflecting various threat information. The results of this study are provided reliable solution for Weapon Assignment problem as well as considered to be applicable to establishing a missile and long range artillery defense system.

Glial cells, including astrocytes and microglia, interact closely with neurons and modulate pain transmission, particularly under pathological conditions. In this study, we examined the excitability of substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons of the spinal dorsal horn using a patch clamp recording to investigate the roles of microglial activation in the nociceptive processes of rats. We used xanthine/xanthine oxidase (X/XO), a generator of superoxide anion (O2∙–), to induce a pathological pain condition. X/XO treatment induced an inward current and membrane depolarization. The inward current was significantly inhibited by minocycline, a microglial inhibitor, and fluorocitrate, an astrocyte inhibitor. To examine whether toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in microglia was involved in the inward current, we used lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a highly specific TLR4 agonist. The LPS induced inward current, which was decreased by pretreatment with Tak-242, a TLR4-specific inhibitor, and phenyl N-t-butylnitrone, a reactive oxygen species scavenger. The X/XO-induced inward current was also inhibited by pretreatment with Tak-242. These results indicate that the X/XO-induced inward current of SG neurons occurs through activation of TLR4 in microglial cells, suggesting that neuroglial cells modulate the nociceptive process through central sensitization.

수출용 스프레이 장미 신품종을 육성하기 위해 경남농업기술원 화훼연구소에서 2012년 분홍색 스프레이 장미 ‘Pink Sensation’을 모본으로, 오렌지색 스프레이 장미 ‘Orange Jam’ 을 부분으로 하여 잿빛곰팡이병 민감성이 약하고 수송성과 생산성이 좋은 황색 스프레이 장미 ‘Egg Tart’를 육성하였다(품종보호 제7791호). ‘Egg Tart’의 화형은 불규칙한 원형이고, 잎색은 짙은 녹색으로 광택이 강하였으며, 잎 수는 15매, 잎의 길이는 12.3cm로 대조품종 ‘Yellow Tea’에 비해 작았다. 잎의 형태적인 면에서 대조품종과 뚜렷한 차이를 보였는데 ‘Egg Tart’는 소엽 가장자리의 물결모양이 크지 않고 정단부 소엽이 좁은 타원형이었으며, 특히 정부의 모양은 매우 뾰족한 형태를 보였다. ‘Egg Tart’의 절화수량은 152본(㎡/년), 절화장은 78cm, 꽃잎수는 78.8매, 절화수명은 14.4일로 길어 스프레이 절화장미로서 대조품종 ‘Yellow Tea’보다 우수하였다. ‘Egg Tart’의 수출품종으로서 가능성을 확인하기 위해 같은 황색 품종인 ‘Yellow Babe’와 함께 장미 수출업체 재배온실에서 2017 년부터 3년간 실증재배를 하였고 생산된 절화는 내수시장과 일본 수출 시장에 출하하였다. 시험 결과 절화수량과 소화수는 두 품종간 차이가 없었으나 절화길이와 꽃 직경의 크기는 ‘Egg Tart’가 컸으며, 시장 가격도 내수시장과 일본 시장이 각각 송이당 845원, 758원으로 ‘Yellow Babe’ 보다 높았다. ‘Egg Tart’의 잿빛곰팡이병에 대한 민감성을 확인하기 위해 인위적으로 잿빛곰팡이병 균주를 접종하여 병 발생 및 확산 정도를 조사한 결과 대조품종인 ‘Yellow Babe’는 병원균 접종 후 1일 부터 감염이 되었으나 ‘Egg Tart’는 2일부터 감염되었고, 접종 후 4일에 ‘Yellow Babe’는 100% 감염되었지만, ‘Egg Tart’는 38.9%로 대조품종에 비해 상대적으로 감염이 적고 확산 속도도 느렸다. 이상의 결과를 종합해볼 때 황색 스프레이 장미 ‘Egg Tart’는 기존 수출품종 ‘Yellow Babe’를 대체 가능한 품종으로 판단된다.

본 연구는 생산자와 시장의 기호성이 우수한 스프레이 장미 품종 ‘Haesal’의 유용한 화색변이 품종을 단기간에 육성하기 위해 삽수와 발근삽목묘에 각각 감마선을 처리한 후 변이 발생 양상과 주요 화색변이의 생육특성을 조사하기 위해 실시하였다. 감마선 처리 시료 형태에 상관없이 선량이 높아질수록 식물체 치사율은 높아졌고 신초의 발생량과 신초 생장량이 감소하였다. 50% 치사선량(LD50, Lethal dose 50)은 삽수는 70Gy부터, 발근삽목묘는 90Gy부터였고 변이 발생률은 삽수와 발근삽목묘에서 각각 2.6%, 3.1% 였으며, 변이형태는 양쪽 모두 완전변이체, 키메라, 그리고 꽃 형태변이였다. 감마선을 처리한 삽수로부터 ‘Haesal’과 거의 유사한 특성을 가진 화색변이 MUL-1과 MUL-2를 각각 70Gy와 50Gy 선량에서 유기하였고 특성을 조사한 결과 꽃 직경과 꽃잎수, 절화수량은 ‘Haesal’에 비해 조금 적었지만 화형과 잎의 특성, 절화장 등은 ‘Haesal’과 차이가 없었다.