표고는 우리나라를 포함한 동북아시아 전역에서 오랫동안 식용으로 애용되고 있는 대중적 버섯으로 맛과 향이 독특하다. 또한 약리적인 효능이 과학적으로 밝혀졌다. 표고는 원목재배와 톱밥재배에 의해 생산되며 원목재배 기 간은 4~5년인데 반해 톱밥재배는 6개월로 재배기간이 짧아 원목재배에서 톱밥재배로 빠르게 전환되고 있다. 특히 산조 701호는 중고온성 품종으로 우리나라의 표고 톱밥 재배 대표적인 여름철 품종으로 재배임가에 널리 알려져 있으며, 임가 소득에 기여하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 표고 톱밥재배 품종 중에서 산조 701호의 육성내력과 다양한 실증시험, 국산품종 보급확대 등 우리나라 표고산업 발전에 기여한 성과를 기술하였다.

In 2010, a new variety for sawdust cultivation,was produced by monokaryotic-monokaryotic crossing between Sanjo 701ho and FMRI0995. The optimum temperature for Sanjo 708ho mycelial growth was 25oC; mycelial growth on potato dextrose agar was 51.6 mm over 7 days. The fruiting pattern was sporadic, and the optimal temperature range for fruiting was 5~20oC. Regarding fruiting body characteristics, the pileus was 65.8 mm in size, 16.1 mm in thickness, and hemispherical in shape. The stipe was 42.6 mm in and 19.6 mm in thickness. Mproductivity was good during thelow-temperature period from autumn to spring, with an average productivity of 310.7 g/bag.

Five empirical farmhouses were selected to reduce the high temperature damage in oak mushroom cultivation using bed-logs. The cultivation facilities were categorized as follows: those having two blackout curtains or one blackout curtain and outdoor oak mushroom cultivation. The inequality of the indoor condition, oak mushroom hyphae rampant ratio, and fruit body production in each test condition was evaluated. 3oC was lower in indoor temperature of cultivation facility having two blackout curtains than one blackout curtain. Specifically, the indoor air humidity average of cultivation facilities having one or two blackout curtains was 10% lower than that of outdoor oak mushroom cultivation. This condition is not ideal for oak mushroom cultivation as continuous indoor humidity control is essential for producing good fruit bodies. The Inoculated bed-log surface and oak mushroom hyphae rampant ratio of bed-logs cultivated with two blackout curtains was superior to other tested conditions. The mushroom production ratio observed in facilities with two blackout curtains was 117-204% higher than those cultivated in facilities with only one blackout curtain. Furthermore, the mushroom production ratio increased in based on these findings, we recommended five cultivation facility models to reduce high temperature damage in oak mushroom cultivation using bed-logs.

재배사 시설구조 조사결과 2~3중 구조로 재배하는 임가 가 96%로 외부의 환경변화에 대비한 안정적인 재배시설 구조를 갖추고 재배하는 것으로 조사되었으며, 여름철 재 배환경 변화를 분석하기 위하여 재배기간 온습도 변화를 조사한 결과 외부 백엽상의 온도는 20.2~29.9oC, 습도는 66.2~99.9%로 나타났다. 재배시설 내부의 고온 환경조절 결과 시험재배사 2에서 19.3~25.7oC, 습도변화 81.6~ 99.9%로 온도제어에 효과적이었다. 자실체 특성조사에서 시험재배사 2에서 갓직경이 66.2 mm, 대길이 54.1 mm로 품질이 우수하였으며, 배지당 수확량도 312 g/봉, 개체중 26.6 g으로 개선되었다. 냉방시설 사용에 따른 일간 전력 소비량은 56 kwh로 조사되었으며, 전력비용은 2,195원/일 로 산출되었다.

In order to develop of practical model of the sawdust cultivation of Lentinula edodes, we conducted experiments of the sawdust cultivation in different conditions of cultivation environment and shapes of sawdust medium. For different types of cultivation environments, we provided environmental control system facility, vinyl house and forest cultivation. We also chose the 2.6kg cylindrical type and the 1.5kg cylindrical type for shapes of medium. We decided cultivation on shelves for the 2.6kg cylindrical type sawdust medium and cultivation on the ground for the 1.5kg cylindrical type sawdust medium to cultivate the mushroom. The result showed that forest cultivation was the first place cultivated mushroom followed by environmental control system facility and cultivation vinyl house. Among 2 types of sawdust medium, the 1.5kg cylindrical type showed better quantity in terms of a fruit body of mushroom.

This study investigated physiological characteristics and genetic relationship of 30 strains of Lentinula edodes, collected from the Europe, Asia, North America and preserved in the Forest Mushroom Research Institute(FMRI). In physiological characteristics, Papua New Guinea strain was excellent mycelium growth in 25℃ for 7 days on PDA media. For all strains, the optimal temperature for mycelial growth, their tunicate and color of hypha were observed. It surveyed their mycelial growth on oak sawdust media in test tube and independence with inter-strains and cultivar developed in FMRI by strain's anastomosis culture. It was carried by RAPD using operon primers as molecular genetic methods, investigated genetic relationships among strains using UPGMA in NYSYSpc(2.1) according to the presence or absence of bands. <This research was supported by Technology Development Program for Agriculture and Forestry, Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries>