Sodium intake has been associated with the health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study examined the demographic factors related to HRQoL and whether there is an association between sodium intake and HRQoL in adults residing in rural areas. A total of 1,980 adults (aged ≥20 years) were selected from a cross-sectional study conducted between December 2013 and February 2014 in Gyeongju, South Korea. The sodium intake and HRQoL were measured using a validated food frequency questionnaire and the EuroQol Five-Dimension (EQ-5D) (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression), respectively. The education levels (<5 years) were inversely associated with all five dimensions of HRQoL. Men had better EQ-5D scores for each of the five components examined. Adults living with spouses had better scores related to usual activities and anxiety/depression, whereas widowers had decreased scores of mobility and self-care. Unlike older adults aged 70-79 years, adults aged <60 years were more likely to have greater scores related to mobility, usual activities, and pain/discomfort. The income levels were also inversely related to the scores for self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Sodium intake was positively associated with the HRQoL related to self-care, usual activities, and pain/discomfort, but it was negatively associated with anxiety/depression. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the demographic factors and sodium intake were independently associated with HRQoL. The results highlight the need to provide tailored, targeted policies and interventions that consider personal characteristics and dietary intake to improve the overall HRQoL in adults residing in rural areas.

Purpose: To evaluate the reliability of auto-refractometry compared to retinoscopy to correct the refractive errors which progressed the regressive myopia after LASEK surgery. Methods: Ten subjects(20 eyes, male: 2prs, female: 8 prs) aged 24.35±1.81 years who had LASEK surgery and became naked vision of 1.0 were recruited. In three months after the surgery, we measured the refractive errors using the auto-refractometer(Canon RK-F1, Japan) and retinoscope. To find out the differences between the two methods, we compared spherical(S), cylinderical(C) and spherical equivalent(SE) refractive errors and then statistically analysed them by SPSS 22. Results: The refractive errors of S, C and SE by the auto-refractometer and retinoscope were 0.03±0.78D and 0.44±0.55D, –0.25±0.27D and 0.10±0.19D, –1.00±0.77D and 0.39±0.48D, respectively. And there were significant differences in S(p=0.004, z=-2.90), C(p=0.013, z=-2.50), and SE(p=0.001, z=-3.30). Conclusion: It was shown that all of values measured by the auto-refractometer generally tend to be myopic than that of retinoscope. It seems that the shape of cornea changes from prolate to oblate type after LASEK surgery.

Recently, the manufacturing system is being changed in a mass customization and small quantity batch production. MES is a powerful production management tool supporting production optimization from the process initiation to the final shipment. It is a production management system which plans and executes based on the production data in the shop floor. This study deployed the utilization of production data and web HMI system to process real-time production data through the collection with the shop floor. The developed system was applied to the equipment operating time and other production data could be processed with the real-time. The proposed system and web HMI can be applied for various production systems by using different logic.

  Vehicle routing problem with time windows is determined each vehicle route in order to minimize the transportation costs. All delivery points in geography have various time restriction in camparision with the basic vehicle routing problem. Vechicle rout

  In order to implement Artificial Intelligence, various technologies have been widely used. Artificial Intelligence are applied for many industrial products and machine tools are the center of manufacturing devices in intelligent manufacturing devices. T

  Many producers put sampling inspection policy into the way of their convenience. Examples of the convenience are irregular lot size and too small sample size. Because they don"t use a standard sampling inspection policy, they can not guarantee the quali

Recently, the reliability are applied for many industrial products, and many products are required to guarantee in quality and in performance. The purpose of this paper is to present some of reliability prediction methodologies using failure rate database

Manufacturing technologies of compound semiconductor are similar to the process of memory device, but management technology of manufacturing process for compound semiconductor is not enough developed. Semiconductor manufacturing environment also has been

온실가스의 대기 방출에 기인된 지구온난화는 범세계적인 주요 문제로 다루어지고 있으며, 이에 대한 많은 대책 중의 하나로 광물탄산화가 관심을 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 조건에서 경량 기포콘크리트를 이용한 광물탄산화 실험을 수행하여 이들의 탄산화 재료로써의 가능성을 파악코자 하였다. 경량 기포콘 크리트는 광물탄산화의 주요성분인 CaO의 함량이 약 27wt.%에 달하여 탄산화를 위한 유망한 재료로 간주 할 수 있다. 이 함량 모두가 광물탄산화에 참여한다는 가정 하에 계산된 CaCO3 함량은 약 40wt.%이다. 경량 기포콘크리트로부터 광물탄산화 반응의 최적 조건은 단일상의 방해석이 형성된 고액비 0.01, 반응시간 180 분이며, 그리고 단일상 여부와 무관하게 즉 방해석과 바테라이트가 공존하는 경우, 고액비 0.06, 반응시간 180 분인 것으로 확인된다. 고액비 0.06이상인 경우, 방해석과 더불어 바테라이트가 공존하였으며, 이는 광물탄산화에 따라 초기에 형성된 바테라이트가 점차 방해석으로 상전이 된 데 반하여 후기에 형성된 바테라이트는 반응 종료 시까지 방해석으로 상전이 되지 못한데 원인이 있는 것으로 해석된다.