This study was carried out in order to provide suggestions with regard to optimal control methods for various odor emission facilities (162 companies and 26 industrial classifications) through comparative analysis of effective odor treatment technologies for each type of odor substance by literature reviews, based on measured 22 odor substance data for 162 samples taken from A city. The industrial classification of Pulp showed the highest odor quotient (7,589 as average value) and was followed by the industrial classifications of Wastewater, Woods, and Furniture, indicating average odor quotient values of 2,361, 1,396 and 1,392, respectively. Absorption using chlorine dioxide and sodium hydroxide can be an optimal treatment method to remove the odor substances of sulfide and aldehyde groups. Biofilers with microbial communities will be effective to remove odors caused by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and an absorption method using sulfuric acid is proper for the removal of odor substances caused by nitrogens.

The incorporation of Shiitake culture into sawdust is a widely utilized technique that can assist in reducing the cost and time consumption associated with oak cultivation. In sawdust cultivation, browning of the surface mycelia is an important stage with respect to the utility and longevity of the sawdust media. Surface browning forms a protective coating on the substrate, which can inhibit the invasion of pathogens and suppress water evaporation. Several different light sources (red LED, white LED, blue LED, and fluorescent light) were used and the intensity of illumination was carefully controlled (1.5, 10.5, 20.5 μmol/m2s for LEDs and 10, 100, 300 lux for the fluorescent light) to induce browning. The light sources were regulated via a 1 h on/off cycle in a controlled room environment at a temperature of 20°C, 60% humidity, and 1200 ppm CO2 concentration for 60days.The browning effect varied depending on the source and the intensity of illumination. This effect was most effectively induced at 1.5 μmol/m2s for the red and blue LEDs. All light sources induced less browning at the highest intensity of illumination. This indicates that intensity values higher than 20.5 μmol/m2s in the case of the LEDs and 300 lux for the fluorescent light are not effective. After harvesting of the fruit bodies, we measured the weight, length, and width of the pileus and stipe in addition to their chromaticity and hardness. Treatment with 1.5 μmol/m2s blue LED produced the best harvest with the highest average chromaticity, weight (21.2 g), stipe length (30.8 mm), and hardness (377.9 g), with a fine length and width of the pileus.

In the 21st century, information and communication technology (ICT) worldwide presents a new vision for agriculture. Time and place, as well as the high-tech industry, to overcome barriers to the fusion of the so-called "smart agriculture," are changing the agricultural landscape. Core container production in precision agriculture for mushroom cultivation, optimal temperature, humidity, irradiation, self-regulation of factors such as carbon dioxide, and environment for mushroom cultivation were adopted. Lentinula edodes (shiitake) is an edible mushroom native to East Asia, cultivated and consumed in many Asian countries. It is considered to be medicinal in certain practices of traditional medicine. We used different controlled light sources (Blue-Red-White-combined LED, blue LED, red LED, and fluorescent light) with different LED radiation intensities (1.5, 10.5, and 20.5 μmol/㎡s for LEDs) to compare growth and development. Mushrooms were treated with light in a 12-hour-on/ 12-hour-off cycle, and maintained in a controlled room at 19~21°C, with 80~90% humidity, and an atmospheric CO2 concentration of 1,000 ppm for 30 days. Growth and development differed with the LED source color and LED radiation intensity. Growth and development were the highest at 10.5 μmol/㎡s of blue LED light. After harvesting the fruit bodies, we measured their weight and length, thickness of pileus and stipe, chromaticity, and hardness. The 10.5 μmol/㎡s blue-LED-irradiated group showed the best harvest results with an average individual weight of 39.82 g and length of 64.03 mm, pileus thickness of 30.85 mm and pileus length of 43.22 mm, and stipe thickness of 16.96 mm with fine chromaticity and hardness. These results showed that blue LED light at 10.5 μmol/㎡s exerted the best effect on the growth and development of L. edodes (shiitake) mushroom in the ICT-system container-type environment.

Information and communication technology(ICT) around the world in the 21st century presents a new vision of agriculture. Time, place, and the high-tech industry to overcome barriers to the fusion of the so-called “smart agriculture” is changing the landscape of agriculture. Precision Agriculture’s core container production for the mushroom cultivation temperature, humidity, irradiation, self-regulation, such as carbon dioxide, the optimal environment for mushroom cultivation was implemented. The Lentinula edodes (shiitake) is an edible mushroom native to East Asia, which is cultivated and consumed in many Asian countries. It is considered a medicinal mushroom in some forms of traditional medicine. The fungus was first described scientifically as Agaricus edodes by Miles Joseph Berkeley in 1877. It was placed in the genus Lentinula by David Pegler in 1976. We controlled different light source (Blue-Red-White combined LED, blue LED, red LED and fluorescent light) with different intensity of LED irradiation (1.5, 10.5, 20.5 μmol/m2s for LEDs) to compare growth and development. Lights were treated with 12 hour on/ 12hour off cycle maintained in a controlled room with 19 ~ 21oC temperature, 80~90% humidity, and 1,000 ppm CO2 atmosphere concentration for 30 days. Growth and development differed from the LED color source and intensity of LED irradiation. Growth and development was most effective in 10.5 μmol/m2s for blue LED. All LED light sources showed less growth and development in lowest intensity of irradiation, which indicates that higher than 1.5 μmol/m2s for LED is not effective. After harvesting fruit bodies, we measured their weight and length, thickness of pileus and stipe, chromaticity, and hardness. 10.5 μmol/m2s blue LED group was the best result of harvest with average individual weight (24.7g) and length (61.98mm), thickness (29.93mm) of pileus and length (33.60mm), thickness (16.86mm) of stipe with fine chromaticity, hardness. This results show us that 10.5 μmol/m2s blue LED was the best effect on growth and development of Lentinus edodes (shiitake) mushroom’s ICT system container type environment.

Shiitake culture in sawdust is a widely applied method, which can supplement the disadvantages of costly and time consuming oak log cultivation. In sawdust cultivation, browning of surface mycelia is an important stage for the productivity and longevity of sawdust media. Surface browning forms protection coat for the substrate, which can block the invasion of outer pathogens and suppress water evaporation in the substrate. We controlled different light source (red LED, white LED, blue LED, and fluorescent light) with different intensity of illumination (1.5, 10.5, 20.5 μmol/m2s for LEDs and 10, 100, 300 lux for fluorescent light) to induce browning. Lights were treated with 1 hour on/ 1 hour off cycle maintained in a controlled room with 20oC temperature, 60% humidity, and 1200 ppm CO2 atmosphere concentration for 67 days. Browning effect differed from the source and intensity of illumination. Browning was most effective in 1.5 μmol/m2s for blue LED. All light sources showed less browning in highest intensity of illumination, which indicates that higher than 20.5 μmol/m2s for LEDs or 300 lux for fluorescent light are not effective. After harvesting fruit bodies, we measured their weight, length and width of pileus and stipe, chromaticity, and hardness. Treatment with 1.5 μmol/m2s blue LED produced the best harvest with highest average individual weight (21.2g), stipe length (30.8 mm), and hardness (377.9 g) with fine length and width of pileus, and chromaticity. This results indicate that 1.5 μmol/m2s blue LED showed the best browning effect which resulted in the best harvest yeild.

The lingzhi mushroom or reishi mushroom (traditional Chinese: 靈芝; pinyin: língzhī; Japanese: 霊芝; rōmaji: reishi; Vietnamese: linh chi; Korean: Yeong Ji; literally: "soul/spirit mushroom") is a species complex that encompasses several fungal species of the genus Ganoderma, most commonly the closely related species Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma tsugae, and Ganoderma lingzhi. G. lingzhi enjoys special veneration in East Asia, where it has been used as a medicinal mushroom in traditional Chinese medicine for more than 2,000 years, making it one of the oldest mushrooms known to have been used medicinally. Yellow rot on Reish mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) has been the most destructive disease in the mushroom cultivation area in Korea. The causal pathogen was first reported as Xylogone sphaerospora (Anamorph Sporendonema purpurascens) by Lee et al in 1996 and some effective fungicides were selected to control the disease. A cultural method, vinyl cover method (VCM), in which wood logs are wrapped in two layers of polyethylene film and sterilized before spawning, was also developed by Oh et al. to control the disease by preventing soil inoculum. However, the control methods were not so effective in the farm that severe yield losses have occurred in the mushroom farm in which the disease have occurred. In order to prevent air-borne inoculum as well as soil-borne inoculum we used the 4-floor cultivation shelf and Soil contact barrier (crushed stone, reflective film, metal sound barrier). In the first year of the cultivation, none of the woods observed was infected with the pathogen.

Information and communication technology(ICT) around the world in the 21st century presents a new vision of agriculture. Time, place, and the high-tech industry to overcome barriers to the fusion of the so-called “smart agriculture” is changing the landscape of agriculture. Precision Agriculture’s core container production for the mushroom cultivation temperature, humidity, irradiation, self-regulation, such as carbon dioxide, the optimal environment for mushroom cultivation was implemented. Auricularia auricula-judae, known as the Jew's ear, wood ear, jelly ear or by a number of other common names, is a species of edible Auriculariales fungus found worldwide. The fruiting body is distinguished by its noticeably ear-like shape and brown colouration. The fungus can be found throughout the year in temperate regions worldwide, where it grows upon both dead and living wood. We controlled different light source (Blue-Red-White combined LED, blue LED, red LED and fluorescent light) with different intensity of LED irradiation (1.5, 10.5 and 20.5 μmol/m2s for LEDs) to compare growth and development. Lights were treated with 12 hour on/ 12hour off cycle maintained in a controlled room with 19 ~ 21oC temperature, 85~95% humidity, and 1000ppm CO2 atmosphere concentration for 30 days. Growth and development differed from the LED color source and intensity of LED irradiation. Growth and development was most effective in 1.5 μmol/m2s irradiation for blue LED. All LED light sources showed less growth and development in highest intensity of irradiation, which indicates that higher than 20.5 μmol/m2s for LED is not effective. After harvesting fruit bodies, we measured their weight, length, width, thickness and chromaticity of fruit bodies. 1.5 μmol/m2s blue LED group was the best result of harvest with average individual weight (5.38g), length (65.37mm), width (56.87mm) and thickness (13.51mm) with fine chromaticity. This results show us that 1.5 μmol/m2s blue LED was the best effect on growth and development of Auricularia auricula-judae mushroom’s ICT system container type environment.

This study was carried out to determine the basic mycelial culture conditions for Poria cocos growth. According to colony diameter and mycelial density, suitable media for mycelial growth were Malt yeast extract, Potato dextrose agar, Yeast extract agar, and Yeast malt agar. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth was between 25 and 35oC, and the optimum pH value was between 4 and 7. Carbon and nitrogen sources were fructose and yeast extract. The optimum C/N ratio was about 10 to 1 with 2% glucose. Other minor components for optimal growth were thiamine-HCl and nicotinamide as vitamins, acetic and lactic acid as organic acids, and MgSO4·7H2O and FeSO4·7H2O as mineral salts. Wolfiporia cocos is a well-known traditional medicine in China, Japan, Korea, and other Asian countries owing to its numerous therapeutic properties. With the aim to determine the morphology and genetic characteristics of W. cocosten strains of W. cocos were cultivated in vitro, and subsequently, rapid amplification of polymorphic DNA was performed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the morphology of fruit bodies of W. cocos in Korea. W. cocos were cultured on PDA agar at different temperatures (12, 16, 20, 24, and 28oC) under 12-hour light (600 Lux) / 12-hour dark photoperiod condition for 1 month. Appearance of fruit body was the highest at 28°C condition in all the strains investigated. Honeycomb-like structure on sclerotia was observed in Andong 01, Andong 02, Andong 03, KFRI 1104, KFRI 1105, KFRI 1106, KFRI 1107, KFRI 1108, and ASI 13007 strains. The KFRI 1103 strain formed cosmos petal-like structure on sclerotia. The average size of basidiospores was recorded as 7.55 μm in height and 3.35 μ in width. This study was carried out to discriminate the geographical origin from Korea and Chinese Wolfiporia extensa. By proximate composition analysis, both were identified as similar, showed oxygen was 45.32-48.07%, carbon was 38.09-40.12%, hydrogen was 6.05~6.78% and nitrogen was 0.16-0.23%. Antioxidant activity was examined by DPPH free radical scavenging activity. No significant differences were found as well for the antioxidant activity between Korean and Chinese product. However, the contents of inorganic components ED-XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer) were significant different in Chinese and domestic W. extensa. The Potassium and iron in Chinese and domestic W. extensa were 47.60±8.78% and 14.5±3.86% as well as 33.14±17.27% and 9.13±4.83%, respectively. From the above resuls, the analysis of inorganic components by ED-XRF may be used for discrimination of the geographical origin of W. extensa.

Shiitake culture in sawdust is a widely applied method, which can supplement the disadvantages of costly and time consuming oak log cultivation. In sawdust cultivation, browning of surface mycelia is an important stage for the productivity and longevity of sawdust media. Surface browning forms protection coat for the substrate, which can block the invasion of outer pathogens and suppress water evaporation in the substrate. We controlled different light source (red LED, white LED, blue LED, and fluorescent light) with different intensity of illumination (1.5, 10.5, 20.5 μmol/m2s for LEDs and 10, 100, 300 lux for fluorescent light) to induce browning. Lights were treated with 1 hour on/ 1 hour off cycle maintained in a controlled room with 20℃ temperature, 60% humidity, and 1200 ppm CO2 atmosphere concentration for 60 days. Browning effect differed from the source and intensity of illumination. Browning was most effective in 1.5 μmol/m2s for red and blue LED. All light sources showed less browning in highest intensity of illumination, which indicates that higher than 20.5 μmol/m2s for LEDs or 300 lux for fluorescent light are not effective. After harvesting fruit bodies, we measured their weight, length and width of pileus and stipe, chromaticity, and hardness. Treatment with 1.5 μmol/m2s blue LED produced the best harvest with highest average individual weight (21.2g), stipe length (30.8 mm), and hardness (377.9 g) with fine length and width of pileus, and chromaticity. This results indicate that 1.5 μmol/m2s blue LED showed the best browning effect which resulted in the best harvest yield.

Wolfiporia cocos is a widely known traditional medicine in China, Japan, Korea, and other Asian countries due to its various medicinal effect. Aiming to determine the optimum condition for W. cocos fruit body induction, we cultured 10 strains of W. cocos on potato dextrose agar medium (PDA) in different temperature conditions (12, 16, 20, 24, 28oC). KFRI 1105 exceptively formed fuitbody in low temperatures (12 and 16oC), but in other strains, fruit body induction was restricted. in 12 and 16oC. Fruit body formation started 20oC, and formation rate increased proportionally with the temperature increase. 5 strains induced fruit body in 20oC, 7 strains in 24oC, and 9 strains in 28oC. This is the first research to identify a fruit body formation in vitro cultured W. cocos in Korea. This investigation will enable further studies of W. cocos physiology and breeding. In summary : 1. We identified the optimal conditions for W. cocos fruit body induction in the PDA plate. 2. The fruit body was best induced when it was cultured in 28 oC for 32 days. 3. The fruit bodies showed a honeycomb-like structure, and the average spore size was 7.55 μm in height and the average width was 3.35 μm.

Wolfiporia cocos is a well-known traditional medicine in China, Japan, Korea, and other Asian countries owing to its numerous therapeutic properties. With the aim to determine the morphology and genetic characteristics of W. cocosten strains of W. cocos were cultivated in vitro, and subsequently, rapid amplification of polymorphic DNA was performed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the morphology of fruit bodies of W. cocos in Korea. W. cocos were cultured on PDA agar at different temperatures (12, 16, 20, 24, and 28oC) under 12-hour light (600 Lux) / 12-hour dark photoperiod condition for 1 month. Appearance of fruit body was the highest at 28°C condition in all the strains investigated. Honeycomb-like structure on sclerotia was observed in Andong 01, Andong 02, Andong 03, KFRI 1104, KFRI 1105, KFRI 1106, KFRI 1107, KFRI 1108, and ASI 13007 strains of . The KFRI 1103 strain formed cosmos petal-like structure on sclerotia. The average size of basidiospores was recorded as 7.55 μm in height and 3.35 μ in width.

Timing, place, and the high-tech industry to overcome barriers to the introduct of the so-called “smart agriculture”. The core factors of precision agriculture, including temperature, humidity, location information, and real summary information, are all significant for ICT controlling technique. The system is a four-season container allowing mushroom product, humidity, illumination, and factors such as carbon dioxide were regulated to create the optimal environment for mushroom cultivation. Hericium erinaceum (also called Lion's Mane Mushroom, Bearded Tooth Mushroom, or Bearded Tooth Fungus) is an edible and medicinal mushroom in the tooth fungus group. During approximately 40 days of incubation, 1.4 kg of oak sawdust was used as the test medium. The humidity, temperature, and CO2 density were maintained at >85–95%, 18–20oC, and 700–1,000 ppm, respectively, in the container type culture system. The time for primordium formation was observed to be 4–7 days. The amount of fruitbody production was 74–95 g per bag. This technique will be used to establish a new community support program, in conjunction with international movement, domestic sales and exports are also planned.

Time, place, and the high-tech industry to overcome barriers to the fusion of the so-called "smart agriculture" is changing the landscape of agriculture. Precision Agriculture's core temperature, humidity, location information, and summary information in real time, all significant ICT controlling technique. The system is a four-season container production for the mushroom cultivation temperature, humidity, illumination, self-regulation, such as carbon dioxide, the optimal environment for mushroom cultivation was implemented. Hericium erinaceum (also called Lion's Mane Mushroom, Bearded Tooth Mushroom, or Bearded Tooth Fungus) is an edible mushroom and medicinal mushroom in the tooth fungus group. Native to North America, Europe and Asia it can be identified by its tendency to grow all the spines out from one group (rather than branches), long spines (greater than 1 cm length) and its appearance on hardwoods. About 40 days of incubation 1.5kg oak sawdust was used as the test medium bag. The humidity was maintained more than 85~95% and temperature was 18~20°C, and CO2 density was 500~1,000ppm. The days for primordium formation showed us 6~12 days. The amount of fruitbody production was 110~260g per bag. This technique to establish new community support program in conjunction with the international movement, domestic sales and exports are also planned.