The battle vehicle has six types of indicators attached to the instrument panel in consideration of the special battlefield environment. However, many problems of moisture occurred during the operation of combat vehicles. These moisture phenomena can adversely affect aesthetics and functionality. Moisture is generated on the instrument panel due to the inflow of external moist air, the desorption of the moist air inside the parts, and the fluctuation of the dew point temperature. In this paper, we try to derive the root cause of various moisture generation and provide an improvement measures for moisture control. Therefore, the failure mechanism of the instrument panel may be analyzed and the design may be changed depending on the failure factor. Furthermore, the effect of the design change is verified, and the humidity performance is evaluated.

BIM(building information modeling) has been actively applied to construction industries and to maximize its application through the life cycle of structure, various relevant technologies have been proposed. In particular, 4D sequencing management and 5D cost-related management were introduced as an improved version of the design review and interface control by 3D information design. On the other hand, the virtual construction using virtual construction equipment can sophisticatedly handle capacity, dynamic movement, collision boundaries of actual construction machines but it still stays at a low level in a technical sense. In this study, simulation systems based on BIM involving virtual construction equipment have been developed; then it is applied to the actual construction project to evaluate the safety and efficiency of construction equipments. It was confirmed that the simulation systems can be utilized to construct virtual construction site by using an effective 3D library of construction equipment and can plays a key role to secure construction safety and economic feasibility. Specifically, the simulation system are very useful for decision making by construction managers to select the optimum equipment and construction method with a better understanding for safety and cost-saving.

Menopausal status and hormonal changes are important factors related to the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in women. Nutrient intake is also a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Although, postmenopausal status and hormonal changes result in a 60% increased risk for metabolic syndrome, there has been no method to elucidate the effects of nutrient intake on metabolic syndrome following menopause. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of nutrient intake by menopausal women on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. All data were obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2009. Menopausal women showed a 1.8-fold increase in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome group showed significantly lower values in calcium, iron, vitamin A, carotin, retinol and riboflavin intake than those of normal group in premenopausal women. In postmenopausal women, there are significant differences in crude fiber, calcium, iron, potassium, riboflavin and niacin. Indeed, different patterns of nutrient intake were observed by menopausal status and metabolic syndrome. As menopause cannot be controlled, a diet with adequate nutrient intake may be useful to control the rapid increase in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome due to menopause.

MYC (v-myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homologue) is a regulator gene that encodes for a nuclear phosphoprotein. Porcine MYC gene was mapped on chromosome SSC 4p13 and is associated with a variety of functions such as cell proliferation and cell growth. MYC expression is coupled to a multitude of physiological processes and is regulated by hormones, growth factors, cytokines, lymphokines, nutritional status, development and differentiation. MYC is also involved in myogenesis, muscle hyperplasia and adipogenesis. In this study, we investigated SNPs in MYC gene and their association with economic traits in Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire populations. We detected a single point mutation in exon 3 of porcine MYC gene as a change of T to C at 906 base (amino acid position 302, nonsynomous mutation of alanine) in MYC-N domain. MYC mutation (T906C) was significantly associated with age at 90 kg in these breeds, signifying that this mutation can serve as a selection marker for growth traits in pigs.

Carbon coils could be synthesized using C₂H₂/H₂as source gases and SF6 as an incorporated additive gas under thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) system. Prior to the carbon coils deposition reaction, two kinds of samples having different combination of Ni catalyst and substrate were employed, namely, a commercially-made Al₂O₃ceramic boat with Ni powders and a commercially-made Al₂O₃substrate with Ni layer. By using a commercially-made Al₂O₃ceramic boat, the synthesis of carbon coils could be enhanced as much as 10 times higher than that of Al₂O₃substrate. Furthermore, the dominant formation of the microsized carbon coils could be obtained by using Al₂O₃ceramic boat. The surface roughness of the supporting substrate of Al₂O₃ceramic boat was understood to be associated with the large scale synthesis of carbon oils as well as the dominant formation of the larger-sized, namely the microsized carbon coils.

Recognition of Korean pre-service elementary school teachers concerning the factor for the environmental class was investigated and analyzed by the factorial analysis. Korean pre-service elementary school teachers are aware of the factor of 'participation in environment' as well as the factor of 'environmental knowledge' for the environmental class. Furthermore, they had a very positive attitude about the factor of 'participation in environment'.

In this study, the yearly mean normalized difference vegetation index(YMNDVI) in Chungcheongnam-do was calculated using S10 NDVI data of the vegetation sensor for SPOT 4 and 5. Based on this calculation, statistical values such as mean value, standard deviation and coefficient of variation were determined. In addition, a comparative analysis was performed by calculating YMNDVI for cities and counties of Chungcheongnam-do. The YMNDVI of Chungcheongnam-do revealed a slight increase during 14 years between 1999 to 2012. However, it showed only a slight change within the range of 0.476 to 0.553, and no significant increase or decrease was noted. As a result, the highest YMNDVI was 0.553 at 2009, the lowest YMNDVI was 0.476 at 2001 and 2006. The mean value of YMNDVI in Chungcheongnam-do for 14 years turned out to be 0.502. As a result of the regional YMNDVI analysis, the highest YMNDVI region was Geumsan-gun, followed by Geryong-si, Cheongyang-gun and Gongjusi. The lowest YMNDVI region was Taean-gun, followed by Dangjin-si, Seosan-si and Seocheon-gun. An analysis of coefficient of variation in the research area showed that the mean value of Chungcheongnamdo was 4.2%, while the overall value was also not that high.

본 연구는 테니스 선수들의 심리기술을 측정할 수 있는 테니스심리기술 검사지(Tennis Psychological Skills Inventory; TPSI)를 개발하고 외적 타당도(External Validity)를 규명하는 것이다. 연구대상은 2012년 대한테니스 협회에 등록된 테니스 선수 708명(연구1: 131명, 인터뷰 8명, 연구2: 291명, 연구3: 278)을 대상으로 하였다. 연구1의 결과, 테니스 선수들의 심리기술 하위영역은 불안조절, 자신감, 주의집중, 정신적 강인함, 목표설정, 자기관리 등의 6개 영역으로 세분화 하였으며, 분석된 하위영역을 바탕으로 연구2에서는 기술 통계분석, 상관관계분석, 문항분석, 탐색적 요인분석, 신뢰도분석을 실시한 결과, 103개 문항 중 27개 문항을 최종 선정하였으며 불안조절 4문항, 자신감 6문항, 주의집중 4문항, 정신적 강인함 4문항, 목표설정 4문항, 자기관리 5문항으로 최종적으로 탐색되었다. 하위요인별 신뢰도 계수는 불안조절(.71), 자신감(.84), 주의집중(.81), 정신적 강인함(.76), 목표설정(.93), 자기관리(.88)로 양호하게 나타났다. 연구3은 테니스심리 기술 검사지의 외적 타당도를 확인하기 위해 확인적 요인분석(Q=1.599, RMSEA=.048, TLI=.909, CFI=.917), 수렴타당도, 예측타당도를 분석한 결과, 통계적으로 검사지의 외적타당도가 높게 평가되었다.

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of fibroblast co-culture on in vitro maturation (IVM) of prepubertal mouse preantral follicles. The intact preantral follicles were obtained from the ovaries of 12－14 day old mice and these were cultured individually in α-minimal essential medium (α-MEM) supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 100 mIU/㎖ recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH), 1% insulin-transferrin-selenium, 100 μg/ml penicillin and 50 ㎍/㎖ streptomycin as base medium for 12 days. A total of 200 follicles were cultured in base medium co-cultured with mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) (MEF group) (n=100) or only base medium as control group (n=100). Survival rate of follicles on day 12 of culture were significantly higher in the MEF group of 90.0%, compared with 77.0% of the control group (p=0.021). Follicle diameters on day 6 and 8 of the culture period were significantly larger in the MEF group than those in the control group (p=0.021, p=0.007, respectively). Estradiol levels in culture media on day 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 of the culture period were significantly higher in the MEF group (p=0.043, p=0.021, p=0.006, p<0.001 and p=0.008, retrospectively). Our data suggest that MEF cell co-culture on IVM of mouse preantral follicle increases survival rate and promotes follicular growth and steroid production.

This study was performed to investigate the effect of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor-r (PPAR-r) ligand, pioglitazone, on production of regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome in infertile patients with endometriosis. Sixty-four infertile patients with stage III or IV endometriosis undergoing IVF were randomly allocated to the study or the control group. The long protocol of GnRH agonist (GnRH-a) was used for controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) in all patients. Patients in the study group were treated with pioglitazone at a dose of 15 ㎎/day orally from the starting day of GnRH-a treatment to the day of hCG injection. Blood samples were drawn for serologic assay of RANTES on the first day of GnRH-a treatment and the day of hCG injection. There were no differences between the study and control groups in patient characteristics. There were also no differences between the two groups in COS duration, and the numbers of retrieved oocytes, fertilized oocytes and embryos transferred. The clinical pregnancy rate per cycle was higher in the study group, but this difference was not statistically significant. However, embryo implantation rate was significantly higher in the study group of 12.5% compared with 8.6% in the control group (P<0.05). The serum RANTES levels after pioglitazone treatment were significantly lower than those before pioglitazone treatmen in the study group (P<0.05). Our data suggest that pioglitazone treatment can suppress RANTES production and improve the embryo implantation rate in patients with endometriosis undergoing IVF.

This study was performed to investigate the expression of cathepsin B mRNA and protein in eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues of patients with endometriosis and in normal endometrial tissues and to clarify the association between the cathepsin B expression and endometriosis. A total of 40 women with histologically confirmed endometriosis were recruited for study group. For controls, 20 women undergoing operative treatment for uterine myoma, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or benign gynecologic conditions other than endometriosis were recruited. Eutopic endometrial tissues of both groups and ectopic endometrial tissue of study group were collected during the operations. We employed real time reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to quantify mRNA levels of cathepsin B in these tissues. Then, we performed western blot analysis to measure the protein levels of cathepsin B. The expressions of cathepsin B mRNA and protein were significantly higher in both eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues of women with endometriosis than in endometrial tissues of controls. These data suggest that the higher expression of cathepsin B in the endometrial tissues might be associated with the development of endometriosis. In addition, eutopic endometrium itself with higher expression cathepsin B may play a pivotal role in the histogenesis of endometriosis.

Persicaria thunbergii has been utilized for the treatment of cancer as a folk medicine. We examined the effect of isorhamnetin, a flavonoid isolated from Persicaria thunbergii, on angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a potent angiogenic factor found in various tumors. In this study, we found that the isorhamnetin decreased bFGF-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) proliferation and migration in a concentration-dependent manner (5, 10 and 20 μM) whereas, it did not inhibit bFGF-induced capillary-like formation of HUVECs. The chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay revealed that addition of isorhamnetin (10, 20 and 40 μM) displayed an antiangiogenic effect in vivo. These results suggest that the isorhamnetin inhibits the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells induced by bFGF, which may explain its anti-angiogenic properties.