국내 미기록종 Pyemotes moseri Yu et Liang (Acarina: Pyemotidae)는 곤충기생성 응애로 매실 씨앗 속 유충에서 처음 발견되었다. 발견 당시 응애가 기생하고 있었던 기주의 미토콘드리아 유전자를 증폭하여 염기서열을 분석한 결과 복숭아씨살이좀벌의 유충으로 밝혀졌다. 본 연구 는 실험실 조건하에서 P. moseri의 번식과 기생 능력을 조사하였다. 복숭아씨살이좀벌의 유충을 기주로 이용하여 P. moseri의 교미한 암컷 성충을 사육하면서 주기적으로 관찰하여 새로 태어나는 자손의 수와 성별을 조사한 후 제거하였다. 기생 능력 조사는 원예용 상토가 깔린 스테인레스 바 트에 대량 사육한 응애가 들어 있는 튜브와 복숭아씨살이좀벌 유충이 가해한 매실 씨앗을 함께 담은 후 지퍼백에 넣어 인큐베이터에 보관하였다. 복숭아씨살이좀벌 유충 또는 번데기에 응애의 기생 여부를 확인하고자 한달 후 매실 씨앗을 조사하였으며 본 실험은 5반복씩 3회 실시하였다. 교 미한 암컷이 기생하기 시작한 이후부터 생식이 끝날 때까지의 기간은 평균 24.4일(n=8)이었으며 교미한 암컷 한 마리당 평균 104.0마리(n=8)의 암컷을 낳았디. 복숭아씨살이좀벌의 유충 또는 번데기가 들어 있는 매실 씨앗은 바트당 평균 7개 이상이었고 이중 단 2개의 씨앗에서만 기생에 성 공한 응애를 관찰하였다.

Damages of medicinal crops by thrips and identification of thrips species were investigated on major medicinal crops, Platycodon grandiflorum, Schizandra chinensis, Codonopsis lanceolata, Lycium chinense, Bupleurum falcatum, Ledebouriella seseloides, Angelica gigas, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Liriope platyphylla, Atractyloides sp., in Suwon, Eumseong, Jecheon, Pyeongchang, Chyungyang 2012. Thrips and their damages were found at all of the medicinal crops investigated, mostly occurring at early growing stages of each medicinal crop and causing apical meristem region withered, thereby inhibiting the growth of plants. As a result, Frankliniella intonsa, Thrips tabaci, and Megalurothrips distalis have been identified as dominant species on medicinal crops in open field, whereas Frankliniella occidentalis was restricted to Lycium chinense in which protected cultivation. Occurrence of thrips species on medicinal crops seems to be affected by host specificity and environmental factors such as cultivation types.

경기도 화성지역에서 시설재배 무화과를 대상으로 총채벌레의 발생현황과 피해특성을 조사하였다. 황색끈끈이트랩 및 피해과실에서 발생하는 총채벌레를 동정한 결과 파총채벌레(Thrips tabaci Lindeman), 꽃노랑총채벌레(Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande), 대만총채벌레(Frankliniella intonsa Trybom) 등 3종의 발생이 확인되었다. 이들 3종 중 파총채벌레의 밀도가 가장 높았으며, 다음은 꽃노랑총채벌레, 대만총채벌레 순으로 나타났다. 총채벌레에 의해 피해를 받은 과실은 비대생장과 착색이 정상적으로 이루어지지 않았고 표면이 거칠고 코르크화 되었다. 실체현미경 을 이용하여 피해 받은 과실의 내부를 조사한 결과 피해부위에 회색곰팡이가 발생하였고, 총채벌레의 사체 및 탈피각이 관찰되었다. 무화과 주 수 확기에 총채벌레에 의한 과실의 피해율은 7월이 18.2%로 가장 피해가 많이 나타났으며, 이후에는 8월(9.7%), 9월(2.9%), 10월(1.3%) 순으로 나타났다.

1990년대 초반 이후 국내 시설 원예작물 재배면적은 급격히 증가하였지만 농가당 재배면적은 협소하여 생산성 증대를 위한 생력관리기술 개발이 절실히 요구되고 있다. 하지만 시설하우스에서는 해충들이 다발생하고 방제가 어려워 많은 양의 살충제를 사용하고 있어 생력재배를 어렵 게 하고 있다. 또한 과도하고 부적절한 살충제의 사용은 저항성 해충의 출현과 농약중독이라는 문제를 야기하였다. 본 연구에서는 시설 재배 온실 에서 무인 연무방제기를 이용한 목화진딧물(Aphis gossypii)과 복숭아혹진딧물(Myzus persicae)의 효율적 방제 가능성을 조사하였다. 무인 연무방 제기를 가동시키는 동안 시설 내 측창과 출입구가 완전히 폐쇄된 조건하에서는 시설 내 상대습도가 높게 유지되었고(>95%) 관행방제 약제처리 구와 유사한 방제 효과를 보였다(방제가 61.0∼94.1%). 반면 무인 연무방제기 가동 시간 동안 측창과 출입구를 50% 정도 개방한 조건에서는 시 설 내 상대습도가 상대적으로 낮았고(<95%) 측창과 출입구가 모두 폐쇄된 온실 조건보다 방제 효율이 낮았다(방제가 36.0∼54.4%).

To compare genetic characteristic and differentiation between Dasineura oxycoccana populations, we collected 20 local samples from Korea and USA between 2012 and 2013. We established population genetics from Principal component analysis (PCA) and STRUCTURE using newly developed 12 microsatellites for 362 individuals. PCA results showed that Korean populations were divided into three genetically different groups. Correspondingly, STRUCTURE results indicated that Korean populations had at least three different genetic origins, which was totally different from USA populations. Among them, two populations occurring in Heongseong and Cheonan seemed to have species-level difference when matching with previous DNA barcoding result.

The blueberry gall midge, Dasineura oxycoccana (Johnson), which has been recently introduced into Korea, is a notorious pest on blueberries. This invasive insect has rapidly spread throughout Korea including Jeju island. So far, we have no epidemic information, such as invasion routes and subsequent dispersal rates in Korea. To understand population genetics of D. oxycoccana, we have developed 12 novel microsatellite loci. To obtain its sequence data, the next generation sequencing was performed using mixed individuals collected from Korea and USA. The developed loci were polymorphic, with 6 to 16 alleles in 35 individuals from a single population of Hwaseong. The analyses revealed that all 35 individuals had different multilocus genotypes with heterozygosity ranging from 0.568 to 0.790. These markers will facilitate population genetic studies of D. oxycoccana.

The blueberry gall midge, Dasineura oxycoccana (Johnson), was recently invaded into Korea, which causes serious damage to blueberries. In the blueberry production regions, the gall midge affects most blueberry varieties, Vaccinium spp., such as rabbiteye and highbush blueberries, causing substantial yield loss by damaging flower and leaf buds. Last year we investigated and collected the midges in the blueberry farms from Korea and USA (New Jersey and Georgia). To confirm inter- and intra-specifc variations of D. oxycoccana, we tested COI DNA barcode using 180 collective individuals plus 37 GenBank references including other Dasineura species. As results, we found the same haplotype from 126 individuals in Korea, USA, and Canada. Most of the remaining haplotypes were closely related to the former, whereas there were 7 unique haplotypes genetically very distant from the major haplotype. Especially, the two haplotypes in Cheonan, Korea, were genetically farthest from the major, and the existence of two different species in New Jersey and Sunchang were confirmed. We would present haplotype diversity and geographic relationships of D. oxycoccana.

The blueberry gall midge, Dasineura oxycoccana (Johnson)(Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), has known as a key pest of blueberries in the southeastern United States, Europe and Canada. It can cause considerable damage to developing blueberry flower buds and also injure vegetative growth by distorting and blackening shoot tips. Similar symptoms of damage, which mighty be caused by D. oxycoccana, have been investigated on blueberry plants(damage rate: 20~80% of total shoot tips), Vaccinium spp., in Hwaseong-si of Gyounggi-do in 2010. And, followed by an investigation on the occurrences of D. oxycoccana and its damages in 2010~2012. We emphasize caution concerning the possibilities that D. oxycoccana could infest flower buds and shoot on blueberries and developed monitoring methods and environment-friendly management strategies for D. oxycoccana on buleberry.

Lettuce was a leaf vegetable with short growing term and cold-tolerant plant. We grew it the whole year. The price of lettuce is the most expensive from July to September. But damages by lots of insect pests appear to greenhouse grown lettuce in summer season. In this study, we observed biological controls of western flower thrips(Franklinella occidentalisi) by the predator mites, Amblyseius swirskii and Neoseiulus cucumeris in lettuce greenhouse from July 7 to September 10. Hypoaspis aculerfer larvae and adults were released 30 individuals per m2 at the first one time as lettuce was planted on the greenhouse. We checked the density of F. occidentalis every 10 days on the 30 lettuce leaves. When the population of F. occidentalis reached 1~5 individuals per a leaf, A. swirskii larvae and adults were released 35 individuals per m2 at 1~3 times and Neoseiulus cucumeris larvae and adults also were released 150 individuals per m2 at 2~3 times in each lettuce greenhouse. During the high temperature season, Amblyseius swirskii was more effective biological controls of F. occidentalis than Neoseiulus cucumeris.

Blossom midge, Contarinia maculipennis Felt (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is originated in Southeast Asia and has been present in Japan, USA and Hawaii. Recently, C. maculipennis was intercepted in Japan, USA and Netherlands with orchid flowers imported from Southeast Asian countries. This pest is designated as quarantine pest in Korea because of its potential damages to vegetables and ornamental plants in case when this pest introduced in Korea. C. maculipennis has known to feed inside unopened flower buds, causing deformed, discolored buds and blossoms. And, in severe infestations, cause premature bud or blossom drop. In Korea, similar damage symptoms have been reported in western orchids which mighty be caused by C. maculipennis from Mid-2000s, especially on D. phalaenopsis. An official recognition to C. maculipennis was given in 2007. And, the occurrences of C. maculipennis and its damages were investigated mainly on D. phalaenopsis in 2008~2009. We emphasize caution about recognizing the possibilities that C. maculipennis could infest flower buds of an orchids and carry out management strategies for this pest in the future.