주로 열대와 아열대 지역에 분포하는 순모이리응애속(Euseius Wainstein) 응애류는 이리응애과(Phytoseiidae), 순이리응애아과(Amblyseiinae)에 속하며, 전세계적으로 193종이 보고되었다(Liao et al, 2017). 국내에는 순이리응애(E. finlandicus) 1종만이 기록되어 있다(Ryu, 2012). 잎응애류의 자생 천적자원 탐색조사 도중 본 속의 울릉도산 한국미기록종인 Euseius australis (Wu & Li, 1983)를 새롭게 확인하여 보고한다.

Anatomic variations in the biliary tree may not be detected until adulthood and they can cause unexplained jaundice and biliary pain. Recognition of these anatomic variations is important to avoid an incorrect diagnosis and significant ductal injury during biliary surgery. Although there are numerous anatomic bile duct variations, an accessory cystic duct draining into the right hepatic duct is rare. We report a case of an accessory cystic duct draining into the right hepatic duct with cholelithiasis, in which the abnormality was identified by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and confirmed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Background : Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. is a herbaceous perennial belonging to the Polygonaceae family. And is an herbal medicine which can be used as a raw material for food, which is excellent in immunity enhancement, vocalization and blood transfusion. The purpose of this study was to expand the utility of the P. multiflorum. Also, we fermented P. multiflorum by mushroom mycelial, and analyzed for general components and amino acids before and after fermentation Methods and Results : The moisture content of P. multiflorum and fermented P. multiflorum by mushroom mycelial (FPM) were 7.35% and 59%, respectively. The crude protein content did not show a significant difference between the two samples, crude fat, ash and crude fiber content of FPM were lower than P. multiflorum. The content of soluble nitrogen free extract of P. multiflorum (79.78%) was significantly higher than FPM (31.05%). Sixteen kinds of amino acids were detected in P. multiflorum, and the major amino acid was determined the arginine. The content of arginine and glutamic acid were 586.67 ㎎%, and 283.78 ㎎%, respectively. Sixteen kinds of amino acids were detected in FPM, and the major amino acids were determined the arginine (654.68 ㎎%) and threonine (591.18 ㎎%). The total amino acid contents of P. multiflorum and FPM were 3,469.03 ㎎%, and 3,630 ㎎%, respectively. Conclusion : The content of crude fat, ash, crude fiber, and soluble nitrogen free extract of FPM were lower than the P. multiflorum, and the major amino acids were different in two samples. Total amino acid content of FPM was higher than the P. multiflorum. As the mushroom fermentation progresses, it is confirmed that the amino acid content is increased, and it is expected to develop the product using the P. multiflorum fermented with mushroom mycelial.

Most vacuolar proteins are synthesized on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as a proprotein precursor and then transported to vacuoles. In vacuoles, they are converted into the respective mature form. TaVPE1 and TaVPE2 were isolated from the cDNA library that was prepared from the wheat kernels at 16 and 18 days after fertilization (DAF). Additionally, putative TaVPEs (TaVPE3, TaVPE4) were isolated by inverse PCR (IPCR) using GrainGenes database. Each open reading frame (ORF) encodes 495, 497, 495, 456 amino acids, respectively. TaVPEs were closely related in respect to peptide comparisons and their sequence homologies were ranged from 84% to 93%. The TaVPE genes showed various expression patterns in response to exogenous treatment of phytohormones. The transcript of TaVPE1 was detected slightly and steadily after exposure to all phytohormones and the accumulation of TaVPE2 transcript was increased from 24 hours in NaCl treatment. The transcript of TaVPE3 was increased from 48 hours in response to H2O2 and decreased after exogenous application of ABA and salicylic acid. In case of TaVPE4, the transcript of TaVPE4 were weakly detected all time points of each phytohormone treatment.

A reaction of 214 lines and varieties to BB korean race K1, resistance and moderately resistance was 33 varieties which were bred before in 1990, susceptible were 5 varieties (Milyang23, Dongjinbyeo, Sinseonchalbyeo, Changseongbyeo and Cheongmyeongbyeo). Among bred after in 1990 resistance appeared 58 varieties, 18 varieties were susceptible. Bred after in 2000 were 50 varieties appeared resistance and 5 varieties were susceptible (Manho, Goun, Jinbong, Josaengheugchal, and Manna). Accordingly most varieties bred in south korea seemed to possession resistance to BB korean race K1. As a result of whether or not having Xa1 gene of rice varieties by SNP marker appeared that 43 varieties and the other 10 lines and varieties have Xa1 gene. Varieties bred before in 1990 have 18 (62.1%) varieties out of 29 varieties possession Xa1 gene to showed resistance to BB korean race K1, 19 (47.5%) varieties bred in 1990~2000, 6 (12.8%) varieties (Boseogchal, Daepyong, Hanareumbyeo, Hopyeongbyeo, Jongnam, Kuman) bred after in 2000 seemed to possession Xa1 gene.

A new single cross hybrid, 'Dumechal', is a white waxy corn (Zea mays L.) developed by the Maize Experiment Station(MES) of Gangwondo Agricultural Research and Extension Services (GARES) in Hongcheon in 1999. 'Dumechal' was made by crossing two inbred lin