This study aims to design a new sizing system for hygienic masks to protect against COVID-19-related respiratory disorders. The product sizes were collected from 70 commercially available hygienic masks, and 18 head measurements were obtained from the three-dimensional (3D) scan data of 2,048 men and women aged 20 to 69 years from the 6th Size Korea Survey. The statistical analysis was performed using the IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 28.0 program. The “bitragion-subnasale arc” and “menton-sellion length” were chosen as the key body dimensions for the hygienic mask sizing system. The linear regressions with 18 3D head measurements were analyzed, and it was determined that the key body dimensions were useful for statistically predicting other 3D head measurements related to hygienic masks. A new sizing system was proposed for two types of masks, “masks with a tight fit” and “masks with a loose fit,” taking into account the existing Korean Industrial Standards (KS) and the shortcomings of the sizes of hygienic masks on the market. The sizing system for tight-fitting masks consisted of the key body dimensions, with their sizes indicated by a pair of numbers. The sizing system for loose-fitting masks consisted solely of the bitragion-subnasale arc, with their sizes denoted by letters such as S, M, and L (denoting small, medium, and large, respectively). Future studies should consider this mask sizing system for different age groups, such as children and adolescents.

Leiomyosarcoma is malignant mesenchymal tumor of smooth muscle and commonly encountered in the gastrointestinal tract of dogs. However, primary canine leiomyosarcoma in oral cavity is rare due to lack of smooth muscle in the oral tissue. A 13-year-old, neutered male Poodle presented a hard and immobile mass on the left maxilla. Imprinting cytology from the mass as well as fine-needle aspirated cytology from the left scapular lymph node revealed predominant spindle cells met malignancy criteria of the tumors, including coarse chromatin, high N/C ratio, nuclear molding, macro/multi-nucleoli with cigar-shaped nucleus. Radiography of the skull showed lysis of the nasopalatine bone, and mineral radiopacity in the mass. Computed tomography showed soft tissue attenuating mass from the left incisor teeth to the left retrobulbar space with loss of nasopalatine bone and medial wall of orbit. The histopathological examination showed irregularly arranged malignant spindle-shaped cells with oval or elongated nuclei. The nucleolus is distinct and moderate cellular polymorphism is observed. Mitotic figures are occasionally observed. The tumor cells are positive to vimentin, desmin, α-smooth muscle actin when immunohistochemistry was performed, and in Masson’s trichrome stain, tumor cells are stained as red. Overall, histopathologic exam and immunohistochemistry confirmed canine oral leiomyosarcoma. Because of the poor prognosis, the owner did not consent further treatment.

A solid-phase competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), recombinant VP2 (rVP2) protein, and monoclonal antibody (mAb) were developed for the specific and sensitive detection of porcine parvovirus (PPV) antibodies in pig sera. A total of 1,544 sera samples were collected from breeding pig farms located in the Gyeongsangbuk-do Province in the Republic of Korea. The optimal operating conditions of SC-ELISA were as follows. The concentration of rVP2 proteins coated on the wells was 4 μg/mL, the swine sera were diluted 1:2, and the HRP-conjugated PPV VP2 mAb (9A8 clone) was used at 500 ng/mL. These results suggest that the SC-rVP-ELISA assay may be a valuable alternative to the current diagnostic tools used to detect PPV-specific monoclonal antibodies and broadly monitor PPV infections in domestic pigs at different breeding stages.

고령운전자의 인지 및 신체 기능 저하로 인한 교통사고 증가는 점점 심각한 사회적 문제가 되고 있으며, 이 로 인해 면허증을 자진하여 반납하는 제도가 운영되고 있으나 보다 객관적인 평가 방법이 필요하다. 본 연 구에서는 다양한 주행 상황에서 발생하는 정적 및 동적 시각 자극에 대하여 운전자의 시각적 행동을 평가 할 수 있는 운전 시뮬레이션 주행 환경과 시나리오를 구현하는 것이 목표이다. 이를 위해 고령운전자의 주 행 특성 분석에 활용된 운전 시뮬레이션 시나리오를 기존의 연구 문헌들로부터 수집하였고, 정적 및 동적으 로 구분된 표적 자극에 따른 텍스트 네트워크 분석을 통해 주행환경과 시나리오를 재분류하였다. 또한, 유 사한 유형의 시나리오들은 보다 발생 빈도가 높고 표적 자극이 다양한 주행환경으로 병합하였다. 연구 결과 로 신호교차로, 비신호 교차로, 왕복 2차로, 왕복 4차로 주행환경에서의 전체 12종의 시나리오로 구성된 운 전 시뮬레이션 콘텐츠가 구현되었다. 신호등, 정차된 차량, 표지판 등으로 구성된 정적 시각 자극과 주행 중 인 차량, 무단 횡단하는 보행자 등의 동적인 시각 자극이 제시되며, 이에 대한 시선 탐색(Visual Detection), 시지각(Visual Perception), 시각운동기능(Visuomotor Function)의 정량적 측정을 통해 운전자의 시각 행동 평가가 이루어진다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 시나리오 구성 방법은 운전 시뮬레이션 콘텐츠를 구현하기 위한 새로운 접근 방식으로써 시각 자극에 따른 운전 능력 검사 환경 구축에 관한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

본 연구의 목적은 한국 대학생들의 기초체력과 신체활동량이 폐기능과 상관관계가 있는지를 분석하고, 성별에 따른 차이를 검증하는데 있다. 건강한 참여자 312명(남성 150명[평균연령: 19.29±1.72세], 여성 160명[평균연령: 19.05±1.17세])은 신체조성, 기초체력, 신체활동량 설문지, 그리고 노력성폐활량 (FVC)과 1초간 강제호기량(FEV1)의 폐기능 검사를 수행하였다. 연구결과, 남학생의 폐기능은 우악력과 좌악력, 그리고 배근력과 관련이 있었고, 여학생의 폐기능은 모든 기초체력 하위 요인과 관련이 있었다. 또한 여성의 폐기능은 중강도 신체활동량과 관련이 있는 반면 남성의 폐기능은 신체활동량의 모든 하위 요인과 관련이 있었다. 본 연구의 주요 발견은 폐기능을 개선하기 위해서 남학생은 신체활동량을 증가시키고, 여학생은 기초체력을 향상시킬 필요가 있음을 제안한다. 대학생들의 폐기능을 유지하고 개선시키기 위해서는 폐기능 관련 인자에 대한 성별의 차이를 이해하고, 성별에 맞는 교육적 노력이 필요할 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to analyze changes to body measurements and silhouettes after wearing an early 19th century women’s corset. Two types of corsets were tested. Changes in body size and silhouette were compared based on the levels of tightening strength of the corset. The tightening strength was adjusted in 4 steps by making the length of back fastening string 10-40 cm shorter than the standard. The silhouette was compared with the front silhouette and the side silhouette. The results were as follows. After wearing the experimental 19th century corsets, the chest circumference and front interscye length increased. However, the chest circumference did not increase proportionally to the tightening strength. The underbust circumference, waist circumference, and back interscye length also decreased. The waist width was decreased to create a slim front silhouette. The change in the body silhouette differed depending on the style of the experimental corset. The experimental corset made with the six-piece torso pattern changed the posture so that the shoulders were pulled back and the chest was pushed forward. The experimental corset with the side bodice pattern resulted in the subject’s shoulders reclining backward and the chest and abdomen extending forward. The results of this study show that women’s body sizes and silhouettes could be changed by wearing the early 19th century corsets, but the changes in body size and silhouette vary depending on the wearer's individual body type or corset style.