Background : Unlike Dioscorea japonica or Dioscore opposita, Dioscore alata is a high-temperature crop mainly cultivated in Africa and subtropical regions. Due to recent climate change, its cultivation area is expanding in Korea. In 2016, the Institute for Bioresource Research clarified optimal harvesting stage to increase its tuber yield and ensure safe storability. Methods and Results : As the seed-tubers for this study, Dioscorea alata tubers were cut into a size of 50 g, disinfected with lime powder, dentated on the seed bed with electrothermal wire installed on March 20th, and then planted on the main field on April 15th. The planting distance was 120 ㎝ in width, where the furrows of 90 ㎝ were cladded with black vinyl, in two rows with a column spacing of 25 ㎝. The amounts of applied fertilizers were 2,000 ㎏ compost, 34 ㎏ N2, 28 ㎏ P2O6, and 28 ㎏ K2O. The compost and P2O5 were used in full, where as N2 and K2O were used as original fertilizer 14 (10 ㎏) and additional fertilizer 20 (18 ㎏), respectively. The crop was harvested in six times from September 20th to November 9th, in an interval of 10 days. While harvesting, the ground fresh weight yield and underground tuber yield were investigated. The underground tuber yield was 836, 1,744 and 2,975 ㎏ low at the early harvests on September 20th, 30th, and October 10th, respectively, while it was 3,622, 3,828, 3,818 ㎏ high on October 20th, 30th, and November 9th, respectively. The ground fresh weight yield remained the same. To clarify tuber storability by harvest time, they were stored at 15℃after harvest, and then healthy and corrupt tubers were studied on March 23th. The corruption ratio by harvest time was highest at 39.1% and 29.3% on October 30th and November 9th, respectively, when frost and low temperature damaged harvest. It was 59.0% and 42.8% at the early harvests on September 20th and 30th, respectively. The corruption ratio was lowest on October 20th and October 10th at 29.3% and 39.1%, respectively. Conclusion : Ford. Dioscore alata cultivation, Korea presents a premature and disadvantageous environment with lower temperature and pre-harvest frost at the time of planting. After raising seeding on an electrically heated hot bed, the optimal harvesting stage should be from planting in the middle of April where temperature rises above 1 5℃ to harvesting in the period October 10th - 20th so as to achieve the maximum tuber yield and high storability.

Background : study of long yam and short yam (Dioscorea. opposita) are cultivated in temperate regions but tropical yam (Dioscorea alata) are mainly grown in Africa and sub-tropical regions cultivated crops. Recent tropical yam cultivation area of Korea increased but lack the proper cultivation techniques to climate warming. This study was conducted to elucidate the effect of the timely harvest on Tropical yam at 2015 in Institute of Bioresources Research, GBARES. Methods and Results : Tuber of tropical yam were cut as 40 g, and dust-coating sterilized with lime. Seedlings were grown in heating wire installed seed bed from 11. March to 16. May. Experimental field were fertilized 2,000 kg compost, 34 kg N2, 28 kg P2O5, and 28 kg K2O. All amount of compost and P2O5 treated as basal fertilizer. N2 and K2O treated 14 and 10 kg of basal fertilizer, and 20 and 18 kg of additional fertilizer, respectively. Tillage, covering black PE film with 60×25 cm spacing holes on 120 cm row were conducted. Emergence days from 6. April to 18 May until 28 days to 36 days but 15. June and 9. June were each 19 and 7 days. Dry weigh in early stage due to seedling date, while seedling date according from 6. April to 18. May had no difference. seedling date was not effective on total number of tuber but number of marketable tuber (over 200 g). Marketable tuber number of seedling date according to 20. April was increased 35~132% as 4,028 number per 10 a. And tuber with 20. April was 13~73 g heavier. Tuber yield and marketable tuber yield of seedling date as affected by 20. April were respectively 2,518 and 1,273 kg per 10 a compared to 6. April and from 4. May to 15. June as 1,743~2,457 kg and 484~1,027 kg. Conclusion : Tropical yam is low temperature in the cultivation of Korea but also adverse environmental conditions. Frost is not mature enough off before harvesting. Yam had significant increased marketable tuber (over 200 g) yield due to seedling in mid-April Requires cultivation technology.

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) is a common disorder of the conduction system of the heart. Patients with such disorder may be asymptomatic or present with cardiac symptoms like palpitation and dyspnea. The anesthetic management of these patients is challenging as they are known to develop life threatening tachyarrhythmia. We report a hemodynamic management of a 53-year-old male with WPW syndrome scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. We performed total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil, and we placed the laryngeal mask airway behind the endotracheal tube using Bailey's Maneuver before extubation of endotracheal tube.

Severe maternal morbidity is frequently associated with catastrophic complications of pregnancy such as amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) or sepsis due to chorioamnionitis. The authors report a case of postpartum maternal hypoxic encephalopathy that might be attributed to AFE or sepsis due to chorioamnionitis with Escherichia coli bacteremia, and review the relevant literature. The patient presented with preterm labor, underwent Cesarean section for intrauterine fetal demise, and experienced postpartum cardiopulmonary collapse and disseminated intravascular coagulation, which led to catastrophic postpartum maternal encephalopathy.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common, benign, and transient type of supraventricular arrhythmia encountered during the early postoperative period after a pulmonary resection. However, it sometimes might result in hemodynamic deterioration. We report on a case of new-onset atrial fibrillation in a 74-year-old male patient after right lower lobectomy, which was not controlled with intermittent bolus injection of esmolol and diltiazem. Successful pharmacological cardioversion was achieved with intravenous (6 mg/hr for 2 hours) followed by oral (90 mg q day) diltiazem 20 hours after this treatment. The literature on the risk factors and management of atrial fibrillation after pulmonary resection is reviewed.

본 연구는 1999년 헝가리에서 수집한 고추 유전자원 35점을 평가하여 원예적 형질을 조사하고 유용한 자원을 선발하고자 실시하였다. 한국시판 대비 품종 ‘금당’과 ‘슈퍼비가림’과 비교했을 때 개화소요일은 거의 유사하였으며, 초장은 한국 품종이 평균 163cm이었으나 헝가리 자원은 133cm로 작게 조사되었다. 과형은 한국 품종과 유사한 sweet banana형이 83%로 가장 많았고, 소형은 cherry형이 14%였다. 과중은 대체로 한국 품종 25g에 비해 무거워 평균 34.7g이었다. ASTA 값은 100이상이 9자원이었으며, 당함량은 15% 이상이 4자원이었다. Capsaicinoids 함량은 10mg% 이하인 자원이 69%, 10~40mg%가 17%, 40mg% 이상은 14%로 대부분 매운맛 성분이 적은 자원이었다.

Central venous catheterization can induce cardiac arrhythmias, such as, premature atrial or ventricular complexes, which are typically transient events. However, sometimes it initiates supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) with hemodynamic repercussions. We present a case of supraventricular tachycardia with cardiovascular collapse during central venous catheterization in a 32-year-old woman with an ovarian mass who required exploratory laparotomy. At first, the guide wire was withdrawn and carotid sinus massage attempted, but the patient did not return to sinus rhythm. Eventually, reversion to sinus rhythm was achieved after injecting adenosine.

Totally, 26 collections, 17 from Korea and 9 from China, were investigated for their sequences of 5S rDNA, especially the non-transcribed spacers (NTSs). Sequences of 5S rDNA were isolated by PCR using the primers, 5s-rRNA1 and 5s-rRNA2. Genomic DNA PCR produced single amplification of 300, 330, or 350 base pair fragments. Sequence analysis revealed that all inserts contained the part of 5S rDNA gene sequence and the full length of the NTS region. Three different sizes of the fragments were confirmed due to different size of NTS and their length were 300bp, 330bp and 350bp, respectively. Among 17 Korean foxtail millets tested, 14 collections showed single 300bp amplification. Longest fragment amplification, 350bp, was obtained only from the foxtail millet from China origin, even though 2 of them include 300bp fragment. CLUSTALW multiple alignments of 26 foxtail millets clearly revealed 4 areas with certain degree of sequence heterogeneity (region I, II, III, IV). Among 4 boxed areas, foxtail millet genotypes from China have distinct insertion especially in region III. Five of them have extra insertion of sequence and their additional sequences were either 45 or 48 base pair. Three Korean foxtail millets have 32 bp insertion. Other 8 Korean collections have short insert sequences (6 to 8 bp), 3 with 8 bp and 5 with 6 bp. In addition to insert, deletion sequences were also confirmed as major deletion was observed in region II of Chinese collection. The size of deletion was 7 bp long. According to phylogenic tree constructed using MEGA4 program, clear grouping was not revealed. To obtain more convincing results various collections from many countries should be obtained and analyzed to distinguish different germplasm from different origin.

Twenty two common millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) varieties collected from Korea, China and Russia were investigated for their phylogenetic relationship using 5S ribosomal DNA sequences with a hope to provide the basic information on their exact origin. Sequences of 5S rDNA were isolated by PCR. The primers, 5s-rRNA1 and 5s-rRNA2, were designed to isolate the complete NTS. Genomic DNA amplification produced two fragments with different length, 900 bp and 400 bp fragments, confirming the presence of two types of 5S rDNA repeats that differed from each other in the length of the NTS region. Amplified DNAs of 400 bp fragment were subcloned and used for further investigation. The obtained NTS sequences ranged from 200 to 300 bp and homology of sequences among plant materials was much higher than long repeat. CLUSTALW multiple aligment of 5S rDNA sequences from 22 different common millets revealed the clear difference by their origin. And critically different areas with insert or deletion were also confirmed. Those sequence difference seems to be used for discrimination of cultivars from different origin and use as molecular markers for origin identification. In phylogenic tree construction, the clear classification was shown where the genotypes from China and Russia is positioned together and stay away from domestic genotypes.

Korean soybean variety Kwangan was transformed with coat protein (CP), helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro), and ABRE binding factor 3 (ABF3) genes using highly efficient soybean transformation system. Among these genes, CP and HC-Pro were transformed using RNAi technology. Transgenic plants with CP were confirmed for gene introduction and their expression using PCR, real-time PCR, RT-PCR, Southern blot, and Northern blot. To investigate the response of viral infection with CP, T1 plants were inoculated with SMV-infected leaves and confirmed the existence of mosaic symptom in both leaves and seeds. Two transgenic lines with CP were highly resistant to SMV with clear leaves and seeds while SMV-susceptible lines showed mosaic symptom with seed mottling. The transcript levels of T1 plants with CP were also determined by northern blot, suggesting that SMV-resistant T1 plants did not show viral RNA expression whereas SMV-susceptible T1 plants showed viral RNA expression. Currently, the response of viral infection with HC-Pro is investigating to produce SMV-resistant soybean transgenic plants, and the physiological experiment with ABF3 is also carrying out to produce drought-tolerant soybean transgenic plants.