The apple leafminer moth, Phyllonorycter ringoniella Matsumura is known an important insect pest of apple. This study was conducted from 1992 to 2017 in the major apple producing districts in Gyeongbuk area including 4~6 cities (18~30 orchards), and examined the occurrence and damaged leaf (%) of leafminer at monthly interval in “Fuji” apple orchards. The damaged leaf was the highest in 1992 (5%), the gradually decreased until 2004, After damage rate was again increased until 2008, after which it decreased. Leaf damage was not significant between rootstocks including seedling rootstock, M.9, and M.26.

Honeybee (Apis mellifera) egg-yolk protein vitellogenin (Vg) plays roles in immunity, antioxidation, and life span beyond reproduction, but it also acts as an allergen Api m 12 in venom. Here we established antimicrobial and antioxidant roles of honeybee Vg in the body and venom. Using the cDNA encoding Vg identified from Asiatic honeybee (A. cerana) workers, recombinant A. cerana Vg (AcVg) protein of approximately 180 kDa was produced in baculovirus-infected insect cells. In A. cerana worker bees, AcVg was expressed in the fat body and venom gland and was present in the secreted venom. AcVg induced structural damage in microbial cell walls via binding to microbial surfaces and exhibited antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. AcVg protected mammalian and insect cells against oxidative damage through direct shielding of cell membranes. Interestingly, AcVg exhibited DNA protection activity against reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, the transcript level of AcVg was upregulated in the fat body, but not in the venom gland, of worker bees with antimicrobial peptides and antioxidant enzymes in response to microbial infection and oxidative stress. Our data indicate that AcVg is involved in innate immunity upon infection and in a defense system against ROS, supporting a crucial role of honeybee Vg as an antimicrobial and antioxidant agent in the body and venom.

환경부 지정 보호지역인 특정도서는 현재 249개소로 이들을 대상으로 지형․경관, 지질, 식생, 동･식물상 및 해안무척 추동물, 해조류 분류군 대상으로 1차 특정도서기본계획(‘05~’14) 이후 2차 특정기본계획(‘15~’24)에 따라 매년 10~15개 씩 정밀조사가 수행되고 있다. 특정도서의 곤충조사는 2006~2008년 3년간 39개 도서를 제외하고 전무하였다. 특정도서 의 지정사유 중 자연경관․지질의 우수성이 가장 높고 식생이 우수가 다음으로 높아 시간이 지남에 따라 식생과 관련된 해충 및 외래종의 기착지로도 이용될 수 있는 특성을 가지고 있어 2015년부터 곤충에 대한 조사가 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구는 2016년 인천광역시 옹진군 일대 소초지도, 신도, 어평도, 항도, 뭉퉁도, 서만도, 할미염 7개 특정도서에 대한 곤충상 및 군집분석 결과와 각 도서별 과거 2007년 보고된 곤충상을 비교한 결과를 보고하는 바이다.

Insect growth regulators (IGRs) are insecticides that disrupt the normal development of target insects. Among the IGR insecticides, juvenile hormone (JH)-related IGRs are of particular interest because they stimulate or interfere with the formation of JH receptor complex. In the precious studies, novel JH-related IGRs with JH agonist (JHA) and antagonist (JHAN) activity were identified by using yeast two-hybrid system transformed with the Aedes aegypti JH receptor complex. In this study, the transcriptomic responses of Aedes albopictus were investigated upon JHA and JHAN, respectively. These results will provide important information about understanding of impact of JH-related IGRs in transcription level.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of foot position adjuster on body alignment and weight loads in chronic stroke patients. The subjects were 15 chronic stroke patients who were admitted to KHospital in Daegu, South Korea. The study compared the body alignment and weight load changes on flat ground with the foot position adjuster using Foot scan and Dartfish video analysis software. In the results of this study, posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) alignment decreased significantly after use of the foot position adjuster and center pressure was significantly increased after use of the foot position adjuster. This study suggests that foot position adjuster influences body alignment and weight distribution.

As the fruit and vegetable beverage market grows, a variety of foods are continually increasing. Therefore, when ingredients other than those indicated are added to achieve economic benefits, cases of adulteration and falsification concurrently follow. Among these, blueberry as expensive fruits, is one of the target for adulteration in juice production. This study was conducted based on the reports regarding the forgery of blueberry juice and grape juice; 32 kinds of blueberry juices, which are sold on the market, were collected and their metabolomics analysis was performed to screen out possible discriminants for blueberry juice adulteration. Metabolomes were extracted with 80% methanol and analyzed through LC-MS/MS followed by data processing with multivariate statistical analysis. Based on OPLS (orthogonal partial least squared) model, four metabolites were screened as significant discriminants among 209 metabolites found in blueberry juice and anthocyanin compounds occupied a main groups for discrimination. Marvidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside were identified as significant indicators for the existence of blueberry compared to grape juice which is main adulterates in blueberry juices. These candidates were assessed for monitoring commercial blueberry juices, which were proved as useful determinant for adulteration.

본 연구는 UV 조사가 대두 발아 시 이소플라보노이드 함량 변화에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 대두 품종인 ‘풍원콩’을 사용하여 UV-A(315~400nm), UV-B(280~315nm)에 각각 2, 3, 5, 7일동안 광 감응을 하였다. 1일 16시간 광 감응 시켰으며, 증류수를 사용하여 수경재배 하였다. 종자가 발아하여 생육을 하는 동안 자엽, 하배축, 뿌리에서의 물질 변화를 알아보기 위하여 부위별로 나누어 분석하였다. 종자의 발아 후 생장은 암 조건과 UV-A에서 잘 자라며 생육 상태는 UV-A에서 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 폴리 페놀의 경우 자엽, 하배축에서는 UV-A에서 7일차에 함량이 급격히 증가하였으며, 뿌리에서는 UV-B 처리 7일차에 함량이 급격히 증가하였다. 총 플라보노이드 분석은 자엽에서 UV-A와 UV-B를 처리한 생육기간 동안 꾸준한 증가를 보였고 하배축에서는 암 조건과 형광등에서 꾸준히 증가하였다. 뿌리에서는 암 조건 처리구에서 7일차에 급격한 증가를 보였다. 콩의 이소플라보노이드 12종은 부위별로 다른 함량을 나타내었다. 자엽의 경우 7종(Daidzin, Genistin, Malonyl glycitin, Acetyl glycitin, Malonyl genistin, Daidzein, Genistein)의 이소플라보노이드가 함유되어 있었고 하배축과 뿌리에서는 9종(Daidzin, Glycitin, Genistin, Malonyl daidzin, Malonyl glycitin, Malonyl genistin, Glycitein, Acetyl genistin, Genistein)의 이소플라보노이드가 함유 되어 되었다. 자엽에서의 이소플라보노이드 함량은 UV-A를 처리한 곳에서 생육이 진행될 때 감소하는 것이 나타났다. 하배축에서는 이소플라보노이드가 암 상태를 제외한 처리구에서 생육기간동안 감소하다가 다시 증가는 경향을 보였다. 뿌리에서는 이소플라보노이드 함량은 암 조건과 형광등에서는 점차 감소하는 경향을 보이나 UV-A와 UV-B 처리구에서는 감소하다 7일차에 다시 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 전반적으로 콩의 초기 생장 촉진과 높은 이소플라보노이드의 집적은 UV-A 조사에서 가장 효율적 임을 알 수 있었다.

Bee venom contains a variety of peptide constituents, including low-molecular-weight protease inhibitors. While the putativelow-molecular-weight serine protease inhibitor Api m 6 containing a trypsin inhibitor-like cysteine-rich domain was identifiedfrom honeybee (Apis mellifera) venom, no anti-fibrinolytic or anti-microbial roles for this inhibitor have been elucidated.In this study, we identified an Asiatic honeybee (A. cerana) venom serine protease inhibitor (AcVSPI) that was shownto act as a microbial serine protease inhibitor and plasmin inhibitor. AcVSPI was found to consist of a trypsin inhibitor-likedomain that displays ten cysteine residues. Interestingly, the AcVSPI peptide sequence exhibited high similarity to the putativelow-molecular-weight serine protease inhibitor Api m 6, which suggests that AcVSPI is an allergen Api m 6-like peptide.Recombinant AcVSPI was expressed in baculovirus-infected insect cells, and it demonstrated inhibitory activity against trypsin,but not chymotrypsin. Additionally, AcVSPI has inhibitory effects against plasmin and microbial serine proteases; however,it does not have any detectable inhibitory effects on thrombin or elastase. Consistent with these inhibitory effects, AcVSPIinhibited the plasmin-mediated degradation of fibrin to fibrin degradation products. AcVSPI also bound to bacterial andfungal surfaces and exhibited anti-microbial activity against fungi as well as gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Thesefindings demonstrate the anti-fibrinolytic and anti-microbial roles of AcVSPI as a serine protease inhibitor.

Major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs) are important protein components of bee royal jelly (RJ) and exhibit various biologicaland pharmacological activities. The antimicrobial activities of royalisins and the jelleines contained within MRJP 1 andMRJP 2 in RJ have been elucidated. However, the antimicrobial effects of other bee RJ MRJPs remain largely unknown.In this study, we demonstrated that the Asiatic honeybee (Apis cerana) MRJP 4 (AcMRJP4) exhibits antimicrobial activitiesagainst bacteria, fungi, and yeast. Recombinant AcMRJP4 was expressed as a 63-kDa protein in baculovirus-infected insectcells. However, some of the recombinant AcMRJP4 proteins were cleaved into two fragments (i.e., 48-kDa (AcMRJP4-48)and 15-kDa (AcMRJP4-15) proteins) by the proteolytic cleavage of the C-terminus of the recombinant AcMRJP4. Interestingly,AcMRJP4, AcMRJP4-48, and AcMRJP4-15 exhibited antimicrobial activities, with AcMRJP4-15 exhibiting the highestantimicrobial activity, followed by AcMRJP4. AcMRJP4-15, which is a hydrophilic peptide with 88 amino acid residuesthat contains a high content of Asn and positively charged amino acids, induced structural damage in the cell walls ofthe assayed bacteria, fungi, and yeast. Altogether, our data demonstrated that AcMRJP4 functions as an antimicrobial agent.

We performed a survey for flavivirus infection and distribution of Aedes albopictus that known as Zika and Dengue virus vector using black–light trap and BG-sentinel trap around urban area in Korea. Mosquitoes were collected in 27 cities during March to November (twice a month) year 2016. Total numbers of mosquitoes collected 102,102 including 19 species 8 genera during collecting period. Total 21,467 Ae. albopictus was collected that 20,961(24.3%) by BG-sentinel trap and 506 (3.2%) by Black-light trap in urban area. Trap index(trap/night) of Ae. albopictus was showed highest in Hamyang (TI:992.3) and lowest in Taebaek (TI:0.3) there was only collected by Black-light trap. A total of 894 pools from all collecting Ae. albopictus were performed a Flavivirus detection. Flavivirus was not detected during study period. This study may provide basic information for surveillance of imported diseases (include Zika virus) and vectors in Korea.

Dermanyssus gallinae is parasitic to chicken, and they cause many damages such as disturbing sleep reducing for body weight and egg production by blood-sucking. To develop acaricide against D. gallinae, The acaricidal activity of 40 species plant extract were examined. Cnidium officinale extracted by Me-OH showed 82.0% acaricidal activity after treated 48 hrs at 4,000 ppm. The hexane fraction showed 92.4% mortality against D. gallinae at 48 hrs at 2,000 ppm. Purification of the biologically active constituents from the hexane extraction with acaricidal activity was done using silica gel open column chromatography and HPLC. H1122 fraction gave 80.9% mortality to D. gallinae at 400 ppm after treated 48 hrs. H1122 fraction was analyzed by GC-MS and NMR.

We carry out the study of 850 μm sources in a part of the XMM-LSS field. The 850 μm imaging data were obtained by the SCUBA-2 on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) for three days in July 2015 with an integration time of 6.1 hours, covering a circular area with a radius of 15′. We choose the central area up to a radius of 9.′15 for the study, where the noise distribution is relatively uniform. The root mean square (rms) noise at the center is 2.7 mJy. We identify 17 sources with S/N > 3.5. Differential number count is estimated in flux range between 3.5 and 9.0 mJy after applying various corrections derived by imaging simulations, which is consistent with previous studies. For detailed study on the individual sources, we select three sources with more reliable measurements (S/N > 4.5), and construct their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) from optical to far-infrared band. Redshift distribution of the sources ranges from 0.36 to 3.28, and their physical parameters are extracted using MAGPHYS model, which yield infrared luminosity LIR = 1011.3−1013.4 L⊙, star formation rate SFR = 101.3−103.2 M⊙yr−1 and dust temperature TD = 30−53 K. We investigate the correlation between LIR and TD, which appears to be consistent with previous studies.