In order to uncover gene regulatory networks clustering of co-expressing genes was performed using a rice micorarray dataset of 155 gene expression omnibus sample (GSM) plates in NCBI, generating a total of 1660 clusters. One cluster with 85 co-expressing genes was measured with the correlation coefficient between pairs, resulting in an average r value of 0.66 with a range of -0.08 to 0.98. This result might support the notion that genes included in each cluster play common functional role(s). We also retrieved 23 Affymetrix GeneChip spots IDs corresponding to each of candidate genes related to abiotic stresses obtained from the P1antQTL-GE database and subsequently detected 23 clusters including co-expressing genes with each of the genes. Expression profiles of co-expressing genes revealed some degree of tissue-specific expression patterns, probably reflecting the existence of, at least partial, parallel versions of stress-related networks with evolutionary process, such as subfuntionalization. The finding that several cis-elements related to abiotic stresses was detected by differences in frequency between co-expressing genes and randomly selected genes. Clustering, expression profiles, and putative cis-acting regulatory elements of co-expressing genes related to abiotic stresses may provide clues to shed further light on the gene regulatory network of stress-responsive pathway.

본 연구의 목적은 예술고등학교 학생들이 어떠한 요인들 때문에 스트레스를 받고 있는지를 규명하기 위하여 학교생활 영역에서 어려움을 겪고 있는 학생들의 전공별, 학년별, 성별에 따른 스트레스 차이를 비교분석하는 것이었다. 7개 예술고등학교 학생 773명(남; 133, 여자; 640)을 대상으로 개방형 설문지를 실시하여 총 2,449개의 반응이 수집되었다. 수집된 원자료는 주제별 범주분석을 통한 빈도분석과 내용분석이 이루어졌다. 분석결과 주요 스트레스원에는 학업과 진로문제, 연습 및 공연부담, 주위의 기대, 교사의 행동, 개인적 손실, 대인관계, 기타 등의 총 7개의 영역이 도출되었고, 이중 연습 및 공연부담(48.7%)과 학업과 진로문제 영역(18.2%)이 가장 중요한 스트레스 요인으로 나타났다. 전공별로는 음악과 무용전공 학생이 연습과 공연부담 및 학업과 진로문제 영역이 더 높은 반면에 연극영화전공 학생들은 연습과 공연부담 및 개인적 손실 영역에서 더 많은 스트레스를 보였다. 학년별로는 거의 차이가 없었지만 성별로는 다소의 차이를 보인 것으로 나타났다.

A survey was conducted to 890 radiological technologists working at 44 general hospitals of 16 cities and provinces across the county to determine their stress level according to regions divided into the capital city, metropolitan areas and small- and medium-sized cities. For this purpose, such factors as their working environment, role playing, job conflict and job burden were compared and analyzed according to the regions. The findings may be summed up as follows: 1. In terms of working environment, radiological technologists in the capital city were found to have the least stress(23.46), followed by those in metropolitan areas(24.53) and small- and medium-sized cities(24.85). There was a significant difference according to the regions as for the item 'worry about influence of radioactive contamination(genetic, decisive and plausible)(P<0.001). 2. As for role playing, radiological technologists in small-and medium-sized cities appeared to receive the highest stress(18.25) followed by metropolitan areas(17.71) and the capital city(16.69). There was a statistically significant difference(p<0.001) according to the regions 3. Regarding job conflict, those who work in small- and medium-sized cities turned out to get the highest stress(15.66) compared to those in metropolitan areas(15.35) and the capital city(14.44). In terms of job autonomy, there was no significant result from the survey in spite of the difference between metropolitan areas(14.87), small- and medium-sized cities(14.79) and the capital city(14.66). 4. Little difference was detected according to the regions as far as the job burden(excessive or too little) was concerned. But their was a significant regional difference in terms of patient-related factors with the capital city(11.50), small- and medium-sized cities(10.75), and metropolitan areas(10.63)(p<0.001).

The changes of O-J-I-P transients were investigated using leaves of four subtropical plant species (Crinum asiaticum var. japonicum, Osmanthus insularis, Chloranthus glaber and Asplenium antiquum) under the natural conditions in winter, in order to select the stress indicators for diagnosing physiological states of plants under low temperature. In the O-J-I-P transients of these species, the fluorescence intensity was found to be higher in O-step and lower in P-step in winter than in summer. Particularly, the fluorescence intensity of the P-step in Crinum asiaticum var. japonicum was lower than those of other three plant species, indicating that Crinum asiaticum var. japonicum is the most sensitive to low temperature. Of the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters derived from O-J-I-P transients of four subtropical plants, Fm, Fv/Fo, ABS/CS, TRo/CS, ΦPO and ΦPO/(1-ΦPO) decreased significantly with the increase of Fo, Sm, N, ETo/CS, ETo/RC and Ψo/(1-Ψo) depending on temperature drop in winter. Therefore, these parameters could be used as indicators for estimating low temperature stress and diagnosing physiological states of plants under the natural conditions in winter.

본 연구는 운동부 지도교사의 역할 스트레스와 직무 탈진의 관계를 규명하고 역할 스트레스와 직무 탈진의 관계에 대한 관계-구체적 사회적 지지의 중재 효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 C도에 소재한 초, 중등학교에 근무하며 학급담임 또는 체육수업을 지도하면서 동시에 운동부를 감독하고 있는 남자교사 200명을 임의 표집한 후 우편을 통하여 역할 스트레스, 사회적지지, 직무 탈진 등을 측정하기 위한 설문 조사를 실시하여 159명의 최종 유효 표본을 획득한 다음 상관분석, 단계적 중다회귀분석 등을 실시하였고 Arnoid(1982)가 제안한 하위집단 상관분석 절차에 따라 중재효과를 분석하였다. 일련의 연구 과정을 통하여 본 연구에서는 첫째, 역할 스트레스가 직무 탈진에 영향을 주며 둘째, 사회적 지지가 직무 탈진에 미치는 역할 스트레스의 효과를 완충시킨다는 결론을 도출하였다. 사회적 지지의 중재효과는 스트레스 완충 효과에 기초하여 논의되었으며, 스포츠 장면에서 직무 탈진의 순차적 심화과정에 토대를 둔 연구의 필요성이 제기되었다.

As far as ship's cargo handling devicesareconcerned, the derrick system has been used comprehensively in the marine. Even though there are several new devices for ship's cargo gear, such as gantry crane, jib crane adn self unloader, the derrick system, with its improved rigging method, still retains its utmost reputations among ship's owners. Therefore the method of calculating the system's militating stresses in the course of cargo operation needs to be more convenient and analytical. Here the author attempts to introduce the calculating method of stresses by means of vector analysis. The calculating method is able to analyze the stresses acting in every part of the cargo gear systems, such as union purchase, slewing or its modified system.