In On-line game,the generation and flow of game money is the most important thing that is how to take user experience, being consumed contents in game. To spend game money has a strong relationship with the game contents, systems and level design. This paper have tried to diagram between game flow and needs point of user for giving guidances developing games through a working-level analyzing. It also can allow us to see a point of game flow with business model for game developer or researcher. I hope that this study helps further studies and researches for a variety of genres and can be served as a foundation regarding the issue

Beyond transnational litigation which seeks to hold corporations accountable for their misconduct overseas through judicial recourse, the risk of human rights abuses should be mitigated by embedding good practices locally through domestic laws and policies. The United Nations proposed Guiding Principles for transnational and other businesses for this purpose in 2011. It has been suggested that National Actions Plans should give effect, or at the very least policy coherence, to the international standards enshrined in the Guiding Principles. This article argues that, properly devised, such plans are invaluable, and can help to reinforce regional imperatives under international law. In Southeast Asia, particularly, the prospect of corporate accountability should be measured by existing or emergent regulatory norms in ASEAN, a regional bloc that aims to achieve parity of rules and regulations across the ten countries through economic integration.

본 연구에서는 브라질에 진출할 때 한국기업들이 선택하는 운영모드의 결정요인을 알아보고자 하였다. 비즈니 스 네트워크 관점에 근거하여, 기존의 해외 자회사를 통해 얻을 수 있는 혜택을 잘 활용할 수 있는 운영모드를 선택할 것이라는 가설을 설정하였다. 이를 위해, 구축되어 있는 비즈니스 네트워크를 지역 및 국가수준으로 구분 하였으며, 운영모드는 국제화과정에서 자원의 투입 및 위험의 정도가 가장 큰 두 개의 모드, 즉 판매법인 모드와 생산법인 모드에 초점을 맞추었다. 1개 이상의 해외 자회사를 가진 241개의 한국기업을 대상으로 실증 분석한 결과, 기존의 해외자회사들을 통해 구축한 비즈니스 네트워크가 브라질 운영모드 선택에 미치는 영향은, 그 비즈 니스 네트워크를 구축한 지역과 국가에 따라 다른 것으로 나타났다. 추가분석의 결과, 지식이전에 대해서 문화적 거리가 지닐 수 있는 부정적 영향은 해외 비즈니스 네트워크의 심화 정도에 따라 감소 될 수도 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 실증결과는 국제화와 관련된 위험과 불확실성에 대처하기 위한 수단으로 해외 비즈니스 네트 워크가 중요하며, 해외 비즈니스 네트워크와 지식이전의 관계를 연구함에 있어서 네트워크의 존재여부와 그 심화 정도를 함께 고려하는 것이 필요하다는 시사점을 제공해 주고 있다.

This study is aimed comparative analysis for business performance of land-based ezo abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) seed farms by standardizing cost structures by region and farming size. The result of survey on average farming incomes by region showed that farming incomes in Haenam and Jindo regions were much higher than those in other regions. Followed by Wando region, incomes in other regions were analyzed to be relatively lower. It is shown that farming incomes became higher as farm size increased. Farming incomes per unit size which were modified from farming incomes by region were highest in Jindo region, followed by East sea region, Wando and Haenam regions. Incomes in Jeju and Yeosu regions were analyzed to be relatively lower. Results on farming incomes per unit size (m2) showed that both farming incomes and profits became higher as size increased. It implies that a scale effectiveness might exist in case of land-based abalone culture system. Impacts of major factors on farming profits and returns on investment in abalone seed aquaculture are summarized as follow. First, only if the survival rate increased by 10% with improvement of component ratio, variable effects became largest. In variable effects of other factors, a variation in Jindo region was largest and on the other hand, a variation in Yeosu region was shown to be smallest.

□ 특성화 사업단의 교육비전과 목표 ○ 사업단 교육비전은 “국가 지역사회의 안전 녹색경제 발전에 기여“에 있음 ○ 교육목표는 “기후변화관련 기본 응용 교육과 현장훈 련을 통한 관련분야 융합 지식을 갖춘 전문 인재 양성“임 ○ 주요 추진전략은 “교육시스템의 혁신”에 있음 □ 특성화 사업단 지원 및 육성 전략 ○ 3개의 사업부(기획부/행정부, 사업부, 국제/산학협력 부)와 사업단 운영·자문을 지원하는 2개의 위원회(운영위원 회, 외부 자문ㆍ평가 위원회)로 구성

This paper suggests a procedure to define business process improvement (BPI) projects with analysis results based on the cause-and-effect chain. The procedure developed in this paper focuses on eliminating root causes of business problems resulted from abnormal events occurred in business process executions. First, we develop three criteria used to make clusters of the root causes where a cluster of root causes will be eliminated together by a BPI project defined based on the cluster. Second, we develop a method to formulate desired expectations from the BPI project. Also, we suggest a method to calculate the relative importance of the BPI projects that help a BPI organization determine priorities of them. We illustrate the procedure and the methods with some examples for the domestic mail delivery process in the postal service industry.

This study aims to observe effects of global R&D cooperation outcomes and global business abilities of small businesses by a national aid program. This study selected a program, Industry Technical Global Cooperation Project launched from Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT). Also, small businesses CEOs’ roll and efficiency are very important to increase outcomes and improve abilities of their companies. In this study, CEO’s global level or ability is regarded of small businesses’ global level. Then, this study shows positive effects between a national aid program and global R&D cooperation outcome and between global R&D cooperation outcome and global business abilities.

This paper addresses order-lot pegging issues in the supply chain of a semiconductor business. In such a semiconductor business (memory or system LSI) order-lot pegging issues are critical to achieving the goal of ATP (Available to Promise) and on-time production and delivery. However existing pegging system and researches do not consider capacity limit on bottleneck steps. This paper presents an order-lot pegging algorithm for assigning a lot to an order considering quality constraints of each lot and capacity of bottleneck steps along the entire FAB. As a result, a quick and accurate response can be provided to customer order enquiries and pegged lot lists for each promised orders can be shown transparently and short or late orders can be detected before fixing the order.

최근 치열해지는 시장경쟁과 함께 가속화⋅다양화되는 기술혁신의 환경 변화 로 인해 기업들은 기존의 제품혁신이나 한정된 서비스의 제공만으로는 고객들의 요구와 기 대를 충족시킬 수 없게 되었으며, 비즈니스모델(BM) 혁신을 통해 그 해법을 찾고자 하고 있 다. 본 연구에서는 BM혁신과 관련된 이론적 논의를 검토하여 연구개발서비스업 내 BM혁신 의 필요성과 성공 요건에 관한 명제들을 도출하고, 자동차 R&D서비스업에서 선도적 글로벌 기업인 AVL과 ETAS의 BM혁신에 대한 사례를 연구함으로써 명제들을 검증하고 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 특히, BM이 혁신을 통한 가치 창출의 과정에서 중요한 역할을 하는 점을 감안하여, 본 연구는 연구개발서비스업 분야에서 기술적 역량을 갖춘 기업이 BM혁신을 통해 어떻게 성과를 도출할 수 있는가에 대해 살펴보았다. 본 연구의 결과에 따르면, 사례기 업들은 고객을 위한 가치 제안과 기업의 이윤 창출을 극대화하기 위해 제품(기술)-서비스 융 합에 기반한 BM을 수립하고 자사에 적합한 보완적 자산을 차별적으로 활용함으로써 BM혁 신을 효과적으로 수행하였다. 본 연구는 국내 기술혁신경영분야에서 BM혁신에 대한 논의를 활성화하며, 국내 연구개발서비스업과 연구개발전문기업들이 향후에 혁신적 BM에 기반해 효과적으로 발전하기 위한 시사점을 제공하는데 기여하고자 한다.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of customer perception about service physical evidence and process quality by liquor wholesaler on customer satisfaction and maintaining business relationship. Also this paper tries to find out the moderating effect of relational duration on those service qualities and deal satisfaction. Based on the responses from 53 stores, the result of multiple regression analysis appears as follow that (1) the perception of intangible service quality is positively related to deal satisfaction, (2) deal satisfaction is positively related to maintaining business, and (3) the interaction of relational duration and each perception of service qualities is significant.

To establish a new creative economy, the worldwide efforts have been made to wriggle out the old economic paradigm after the financial crisis of 2008. When it comes to the limitation of the viability. the start up companies have a high risk of failure. Therefore business incubator (BI) should carry out the role to improve their viability. As for the maximization of the effect on the business incubating services as move in companies, it is important for BI to increase the level of business incubating services by the systemic and scientific measurement. This study showed that the quality of the BI center services was measured by Kano analysis and the previous research as follows. First, BI quality attribute by Timko’s customer satisfaction came out into the attractive qualities on the 14 items that amount to the 70% of 20 business incubating services items. It is desirable to perform the strategy for the satisfaction. Secondly, basic business incubating services were interpreted as the one-dimensional quality like incubating spaces, parking facilities, security facilities, industry technology development funds, and incubating managers. Finally, training and educational service was recognized as indifferent quality. Futhermore, the improvement and the limitation of this study as well as the interpretation of analysis results are also provided.

Recently the rapid changes of the social environment make both university and every each department should have to renovate and adjust all of the educational components. The most dominant and issuable change of business administration education is the Business Education Accreditation which was certified by the KABEA(Korean Association of Business Education Accreditation). And the only two department of fisheries business administration which in Gyeongsang National University and Pukyong National University has been accredited recently. Though The department of fisheries business administration in Korea has been influenced by that Accreditation, there is few research and analysis on educational change. So it is very important that research on the curricular constitution and change of the curriculum for considering the its own effect and influence. This paper aims to explore the curricular constitution, change and course fulfillment of fisheries business administration after the business education accreditation based on the case of the department of fisheries business administration in Gyeongsang National University. The analysis of fisheries business administration change will help develop sustainable curriculum and give more guideline for identifying the core of fisheries business administration. The method of analysing that in this research has adopt the social network analysis(SNA) and automated software tool which is the most dominant technique in contents analysis including the Krkwics and Pajek. The SNA is evaluated that most popular, rigorous and firm methodology for analyzing, examining and revising some concepts or objects in the context of semantics. The result of this study shows that the ratio of fisheries business administration class has been decreased but still the most fulfilled course. And English mediated class has been avoided though that sort of the class has been increased. In the view point of course fulfillment, it has been potential and inefficient problems that some classes that including financial related and accounting related class would not been accomplished appropriately. The findings of a graduate depth interview which has been done about 4 years for understanding that student show that there’s some recognition gap of fisheries business administration in staffs of human resource management. And the level of job satisfaction in fisheries business still somewhat low and even worse the chance of recruitment also unsteady.

지난 20년 동안 국제화와 기업성과 간의 관계연구는 국제경영과 기업전략분야에서 많이 이루어져왔다. 하지만 대부분의 선행연구들은 선진국의 제조업에 종사하는 다국적기업들을 대상으로 이루어졌으며, 국제화와 기업성과 간의 관계를 규명하는데 집중이 되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 서비스 산업을 주목하여 서비스 기업의 국제화와 기업성과 간의 관계를 규명하고 더 나아가 서비스 기업의 내부역량이 국제화가 낮은 단계에서 국제화 수준과 성과와 의 부(-)의 관계를 어떻게 조절하는지에 대해 살펴보았다. 300개의 서비스 기업을 대상으로 2000년부터 2012년까지의 해외매출비중을 이용하여 기업의 국제화와 기업성과 간의 관계를 분석한 결과, 서비스 기업에서의 국제화와 기업성과 간의 관계는 ‘U’자 형태임을 확인되었다. 그리고 본 연구는 서비스 기업의 내부역량의 중요성을 살펴보기 위하여 기술개발역량과 마케팅역량 그리고 기업집단의 네트워크의 조절효과를 확인한 결과, 기술개발역량이 높은 기업 또는 기업집단 내 기업에서 국제화가 성과에 미치는 부정적인 영향이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 기업의 역량이 높을수록 국제화로 인해 발생하는 어려움을 극복하고 기업성과를 증가하는데 효과적일 수 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구는 선진국 내 서비스 기업들의 국제화와 기업성과 간 관계를 연구한 이론과 결과들을 토대로 국내 서비스 기업을 대상으로 한 실증분석을 통해 유사한 결과를 확인함으로써 이론의 타당성을 한 번 더 확인하였다는데 의미가 있다. 더 나아가 기업의 기술개발역량과 기업집단 네트워크의 조절효과를 살펴봄으로써 서비스 기업의 내부역량이 국제화와 기업성과 간에 미치는 영향에 대해 이론적, 실무적 시사점을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

본 연구의 목적은 다국적기업의 글로벌 친환경혁신전략에 영향을 미치는 요인과 해당 결정요인들을 바탕으로 실행된 글로벌 친환경혁신전략이 다국적기업의 경영성과에 직접적인 영향을 미치는지 고찰해보기 위함이다. 제도적 이론을 활용하여 연구의 이론적 모형을 제시했으며 이를 바탕으로 글로벌 규제적 압력과 글로벌 경쟁자 압력이 다국적기업의 글로벌 친환경혁신전략에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 것이라는 가설을 제시하였다. 이와 함께 다국적기업의 친환경혁신전략과 경영성과 간 직접적인 관계가 있음을 나타내는 가설도 함께 제시함으로써 기업의 의사결정에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 모든 주체들의 특성을 고려하여 다국적기업의 글로벌 친환경혁신전략 프로세스를 설명하는 통합적인 모형을 나타내보고자 하였다. 본 연구의 연구모형은 PLS를 이용한 경로분석을 바탕으로 검증 되었으며 자료는 한국증권거래소에 상장된 다국적기업의 본사 중 식품가공 및 처리를 제외한 제조업만을 한정하여 실시한 설문조사를 통해 수집되었다. 또한 경로분석에 앞서 수집된 자료의 편의를 없애기 위해 무응답편의 및 동일방법편의 진단을 위한 분석을 실시하였다. 이를 바탕으로 자료를 분석한 결과 모든 제도적 압력 요인들이 다국적기업의 친환경혁신전략에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그와 더불어, 본 연구결과는 다국적기업 의 친환경혁신전략이 기업의 경영성과 개선에도 직접적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 보여준다.

Most Japanese Researchers and Business Practitioners recognize that Japanese department stores are in a period of decline. In spite of this decline, department stores in Japan still represent a six trillion yen market. Although department stores comprise a significant sector of the Japanese economy, there remain few studies dedicated to research on department stores. In contrast to the extant research, the current study relates to consumer behavior as it relates to the decline in department store sales. This focus is poorly represented in the literature. Specifically, the current study addresses two key problems. First, there exists a lack of discussion related to the category under which department stores can be classified. Second (and as alluded to above), there is a lack of unified research on department stores in the fields of commercial science, business administration, and marketing. To redress these shortcomings, the current study seeks to elucidate the factor of internal and external competitive superiority about the business category of Japanese department store. First, however, it is necessary to verify whether consumers recognize differences between department stores and other retail categories. Further, it is necessary to explain the nature of that difference. Using a sample of 246 Japanese respondents with internet research, I explore the degree to which consumers recognize department stores and Shopping Centers. Respondents were generated using service provided by Macromill.inc. The sample for this study consisted of internet users from randomly selected in Hyogo, Osaka, and Kyoto prefectures, in which the competition between department stores and Shopping Centers is keenest. And, this study adhere fundamentally to the scales of store images developed by Sakai (2012). The scales consisted of 28 items were measured on 7-point Likert-type opinion statements ranging from strongly agree (7) to strongly degree (1). I then performed t-test and a confirmatory factor analysis on participants’ responses. Results of this analysis served to identify differences in participants’ recognition of department stores and Shopping Centers. Result of t-test analysis demonstrated that 18 of 24 items are significantly different between them. Results of the factor analysis further demonstrated that department stores are characterized by Reliability of goods and services and Popular. Shopping Centers are also characterized by Reliability of goods and services and Popular, but are also perceived to have Convenient locations or institutions.

The manuscript examines Guanxi’s direct influence on reducing opportunism and conflicts, and its indirect influence on increasing buyers’ satisfaction, relationship performance and long-term orientation. The findings based on data collected from 273 Chinese firms reveal that Chinese buyers’ guanxi with US suppliers could significantly reduce buyers’ perception in suppliers’ opportunistic behaviour and the perceived levels of conflicts in Sino-US relationships, hence increasing their satisfaction, relationship performance and long-term orientation. The results broaden existing understanding of guanxi literature by empirically examining Guanxi’s influence on supplier opportunism and conflicts. The research implications suggest guanxi could be employed as a management mechanism in reducing supplier opportunism and conflicts, hence positively increasing satisfaction, performance and long-term orientation.

In this research, the factors determining the purchase of a product that has been launched as the line extensions of different retail business formats are clarified not only through the purchases of competitor brands, but also through the views of the webpage of the parent brand.Research on the evaluation of line extensions has clarified such relationships as the success or failure of an extension brand and the strength of the parent brand (Reddy et al., 1994), trial and repeat purchases of the extension brand and purchase frequencies of the parent brand (Kim and Sullivan, 1998), the cannibalization of the parent brand by the extension brand (Lomax and McWilliam, 2001), and the interdependence of the extension brand and the parent brand (Sinapuelas et al., 2010). Previous analyses of the factors determining a line extension and their evaluations assumed that consumer purchasing behavior took place within the same retail business format and within a store; as a result, these analyses focused on consumer purchase history data. In this research, in addition to data on the purchase histories of consumers, an attempt was made to ascertain the factors determining a line extension for the horizontal actions of consumers across different retail business formats and stores by applying single-source data, supplemented by data on the access histories of targeted consumer webpages. Specifically, with the specialty coffee shops of Tully’s Coffee (subsequently, TS) and Starbucks Coffee (subsequently, SB) as subjects of the analysis, a binominal logistic regression analysis was applied to investigate the question of whether the purchase or non-purchase of products that these shops launched for convenience stores could be explained by the types of views of the webpages of each of the coffee shops that became the parent brands. The analysis employed single-source data on purchase histories and webpage access histories within i-SSP (Intage Single Source Panel), provided by Intage Inc. The investigation period was the 10 months, from October 2012 to July 2013. As a result of this analysis, the following were established: (1) For both TS and SB, purchases of the extension brands could not be promoted only from the views of the webpage of the extension brands; (2) for both TS and SB, the views of the product webpages of the parent brands promoted purchases of the extension brands; and (3) for SB only, the views of its shop webpage promoted purchases of its extension brand. These are findings that cannot be established using only data on either consumer purchase histories or webpage-access histories. In an analysis of a line extension, they can be ascertained only from webpage access that is related to the parent brand from the direction ascertained for past purchases of competitor products.

In this paper we explore competition as a firm process, rather than as a background economic variable. We contribute by refining firm competition as a process of goal seeking within a context of many actors. First we consider past research on structural and socially constructed competition. We develop a research framework inside relational time, based on the priority of a firm’s line of action, the direction of a firm’s activities, whether primarily towards the customer or first focusing on the activities of another firm. We explore the theoretical distinctions between non-competitive, competitive and rivalry firm activity through an analysis of exporters and importers of fine wine to Denmark from South Australia. We distinguish firm competition from other more complex interactions in a network context. We conclude with managerial implications and the opportunities for future research. The concept of competition in the business-to-business literature shifts meaning depending on the context. The meaning seems to extend along a continuum from rivalry (Porac, Thomas, Wilson, Paton & Kanfer 1995) to coopetition (Bengtsson & Kock 2000). According to McNulty (1968, 639) “There is probably no concept in all of economics that is at once more fundamental and pervasive, yet less satisfactorily developed, than the concept of competition.” In the business-to-business literature competition is defined as structural, where firms seek the same customer or goal (Macdonald & Ryall 2004), or competition is regarded as socially constructed (Porac et al. 1995). Competition is also considered as an interaction process undertaken over time between firms (cf Easton & Araujo 1994; Turnbull, Ford & Cunningham 1996). We pursue only an understanding of the competition process based on a single firm’s activities. Our approach is to focus on this simple form and develop a process based framework to understand competition. We see this as a single step, the first advance towards a framework for analyzing cooperation and competition together (Jarillo 1988).

Although the relationship marketing literature acknowledges the importance of switching costs for increasing customer retention in general, little is known about its relevance in industrial markets. In particular, it is unclear whether switching costs and its dimensions impact relevant behavioral outcomes of buyer-seller relationships in business-to-business (B2B) markets. Against this background, our research intends to make two main contributions: Since we assume differential effects for different types of switching costs, our research first explores the dimensions of switching costs for the B2B domain. Second, it tests the relative impact of the dimensions of switching costs on business customers’ actual purchase behavior. Results suggest that switching costs in B2B settings are a multi-faceted construct, including (i) procedural, (ii) financial, and (iii) relational switching costs. Moreover, we find relational switching costs to be most important for securing B2B buyer-seller relationships since they impact a customer’s (a) share-of-wallet, (b) cross buying behavior, and (c) actual switching behavior. While procedural switching costs only influence share-of-wallet, financial switching costs solely impact customer’s cross-buying behavior across a firm’s product and services categories. These findings contribute to a better understanding about how to secure B2B buyer-seller relationships.