입자의 정밀여과에 있어 임계플럭스의 이론치를 계산하기 위해 확산(diffusion), 횡방향이동(lateral migration), 전단유도확산(shear induced diffusion), 그리고 입자의 정전기적 반발력에서 기인하는 상호작용에 의한 상승이동(interation enhanced migration) 등의 입자의 역전달 이동을 고려하였다. 보통의 여과조건에서 제타전위의 절대치가 20~40mV이고 직경이 0.1μm~10μm인 입자의 경우 상호작용에 의한 이동이 가장 중요한 역전달 메카니즘이었다. 입자크기에 따라 계산된 임계플럭스값을 실험적으로 확인하기 위해 다양한 크기를 갖는 구형인 적철광(hematite)입자를 합성하여 여과실험을 수행하였다. 이 실험치는 역전달 이론에 의해 예측된 플럭스의 이론치와 비교적 잘 일치하였다.

Solar IR spectra have been utilised by us to derive log gf values for atomic lines due to 17 chemical elements. in the J and H bands, i.e. in the wavelength ranges 1.00 - 1.34 μm and 1.49 - 1.80 μm respectively. The observed central line depths were based on the FTS atlases published at. Liege and KPNO. We also reprot new log gf values for 51 lines for which neither theoretical nor experimental values are available till date.

We present here the solar LOG GF values obtained using the Liege solar at las and the standard solar photospheric models for the spectral lines in the wavelength range ⋋⋋ 6209 - 6273 Å. These log gf values shall be used to interpret a high resolution spectra of the star ɤ Draconics.

Body position is known to have an effect on vital capacity(VC). The purpose of this study was to examine effect on VC of posture, sex and smoking, and the difference between predicted and measured values of VC. VC was measured in the standing and the head-down position in 40 healthy subjects (20 men and 20 women) in a random order of testing. When subjects changed from standing to head-down position, this VC decreased by 19.9%. In both positions, VC changes in men were significantly larger than in women. No statistically significant difference was found in men who smoked. There was no difference between the predicted and measured values in men. But measured values were larger than predicted values in women. Because VC can decrease by 19.9% in the head-down position due to the effect of gravity, attention should be paid especially to patients who are placed in the head-down position for postural drainage since they already have a decreased VC.

The possible effects of 10% carbohydrate containting diets on the serum glucose and lipids values were studied with normal and alloxan - diabetic male rats for a period of 28 days. The diets were supplemented with either glucose, cornstarch or sucrose, fructose or the basal diet containing no added carbohy drates. After this period, 3 to 4 rats among the each group were killed and samples of serum, liver, spleen and kidney were collected. The others were rendered diabetic by the intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (190mg/wtkg). Then original feeding scedule was continued for 3 days in all five diabetic groups, before the collection of tissue samples and serum. Feeding the nondiabetic rats with glucose and fructose delayed the bodyweight development relatively compared with nonsugar group. The weight deductions after alloxan injection were similar in all feeding groups. All diabetic animals exhibited increased blood glucose triglceride levels but almost unchanged total cholesterol values. Blood glucose values for nondiabetic rats were normal ranges, and then glucose feeding group was the highest. Total - cholesterol values were the highest in nondiabetic rats fed glucose, fructose and in diabetics fed sucrose, glucose. Triglyceride values were the highest in nondiabetic rats fed sucrose, and no difference in diabetic rats. Some cornstarch group exhibited fatty-livers in diabetic and nondiabetic, and more studies need.

The national wide gravity survey to establish gravity values for the base reference stations in Korea was initiated by the U.S. Army. The Division of Geodesy, U.S. Army Map Service Far East (DG, USAMSFE) conducted two base station surveys in 1961 and 1964, and measured gravity values at 15 stations throughout Korea. Professor Woollard also observed 3 gravity base stations in 1964 as a part of the International Gravity Measurements. All of these surveys were tied directly to DG Base of USAMSFE in Tokyo and Tachikawa Air Force Base stations. GMIK (presently Korea Institute of Energy and Resources) also made 10 base station measurements in 1971, which are tied to USAMSFE base stations established in the previous survey. In a broader sense, all of these measurements are related to Potsdam system whose value is now recognized to be too large by about 14 mgals. In accordance with the International Gravity Standardization Net 1971 (IGSN 71), adopted and recommended by the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, GMIK, in cooperation with Institute of Geological Sciences of England, measured gravity values at 15 base reference stations which are tied to IGSN 71 primary base stations in London and Kyoto. The results of this survey are generally lower by about 13.8 mgals than previous values. On the other hand, the National Geography Institute established a fundamental national gravity base reference station in the back yard of the Institute's building and determined the gravity value, which is tied to the IGSN 71 value of the base reference station located in Tokyo. The measurements were made twice in 1975 and 1980 with the cooperation of Japan Geophysical Survey Institute. NGI also established four auxilliary gravity base reference stations in 1980. The author recently measured the gravity difference between two base reference stations located in Korea Institute of Energy and Resources and National Geography Institute and found the measured value is different by more than 1 mgal to that computed from the gravity values adopted by two Institutes. Therefore it is recommended to conduct a more detailed crosscheck to establish consistent base reference values throughout the country.

The contingent valuation method (CVM) is one of the most commonly used and effective methods to evaluate non-use value of resources. Reasonable application of CVM to value the cultural heritage is the key process of evaluation. CVM was used to evaluate the non-use value of cultural heritage of Taishan Mountain combined with questionnaire survey and field research in this study. The results indicated that the importance of the degree of the three components of non-use value was heritage value ranked highest (40.22%) > followed by existence value (38.58%) >then option value (21.20%). In addition, the rate of willingness to pay was 54.52%, the average and median values of per person were 40.17 CNY·a-1 and 20.00 CNY·a-1 and the non-use values of Taishan Mountain cultural heritage was 33 million CNY·a-1. The median value of WTP was consistent with Asian countries but was lower than European and American countries. Factors influencing WTP showed that monthly income and satisfaction with Taishan Mountain were correlated to WTP, and family location and willingness to revist were correlated remarkably with WTP. In addition, monthly income was correlated remarkably with WTP value, however other factors were not. The results showed the importance and necessity of protective development of Taishan Mountain cultural heritage, which would be used as an important reference for decision makers.

In recent years, the revival of Chinese traditional culture has gradually been emphasized, and Chinese myths and legends have a large number of characters full of traditional cultural flavor, and the redesign and re-creation of these characters has been a popular subject in Chinese film and animation. In this redesign of traditional characters, the problem of modernization of their traditional culture has also surfaced. How to use ancient traditional stories as a base to shape and narrate modern values and transform the value shaping ability of ancient myths into new modern myths is a major challenge. Thus, the author chooses two films, "LEGEND OF DEIFICATION" and "YOBI, the Five Tailed Fox", as a comparison to compare the different ways of dealing with the same problem between China and Korea, and to find a common solution in the differentiation

Damage to the natural environment is becoming increasingly complex in modern society, expanding to impact not only the environment but also society and the economy. Various systems and policies based on sustainability have been promoted internationally. Legal systems and policies based on evaluation systems such as land environment assessment and urban ecological status maps, have been implemented in Korea. However, most of Korea institutions and policies related to the natural environment have been directed toward the conservation of the natural environment, and restricted to in simple theoretical frameworks with various limitations. Therefore, this study analyzed the definition and value of the natural environment for a fundamental conceptual approach to the valuation of the natural environment. Based on this, we modeled the policy process for a flexible evaluation system suitable for the actual situation of Korea natural environment through a review of the integration of environmental policy proposed in Europe.

Purpose: The ultimate purpose of this work is to investigate gender differences in the relationships between product quality cues and perceived values at a food select shop. Specifically, this study examines the effects of internal and external cues, which are indicators of product quality, on emotional and social values based on gender differences. Research design, data and methodology: In this study, a questionnaire technique was used to collect the data necessary to test the proposed model. 183 data were collected through this technique. PLS SEM (Partial Least Squares Structured Equation Model) was used to test the research model. Results: First, there is no gender difference between intrinsic cue and emotional value. When using male and female data, there was no significant causal relationship between intrinsic cues and emotional values. Second, we found no gender difference between intrinsic cue and social value. When analyzed with female data, there was no significant causal relationship between intrinsic cue and social value. On the other hand, in the case of men, it was found that a weak causal relationship exists. Third, this study found gender difference between extrinsic cue and emotional value. In the case of men, it was found that a weak causal relationship exists, whereas in the case of women, a strong causal relationship exists between extrinsic cue and emotional value. Fourth, we found gender difference between extrinsic cue and social value. In the case of men, there was no causal relationship, whereas in the case of women, there was a strong causal relationship between extrinsic cue and social value. Finally, we found that there are moderating roles of gender in the relationship between external cues and perceived quality. Conclusions: As a result of analysis, it is necessary to focus on extrinsic clues of product in order to increase the perceived emotional and social values of women. On the other hand, in order to improve the perceived emotional and social values of men, it is necessary to pay attention to both intrinsic and extrinsic cues of product. Therefore, it is necessary to consider what clues and values are important to core customers.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to narrow the target down to college students representing single-person households to identify the main attributes of their choice of Home Meal Replacement(HMR) and to look at the impact on satisfaction and repurchase intentions. Research design, data and methodology: An online survey was conducted for consumers who purchased HMR products at least once and a total of 264 questionnaires were used for demonstration analysis. The collected data have verified for validity and reliability between measurement variables through exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis. Results: As a result, curiosity, economy, safety, and brand, which are HMR selection attributes that university students’ value, have a significant impact on satisfaction, and satisfaction has a significant impact on the intention of repurchase, a variable of behavior. In addition, the adjustment effect of health value pursuit was significant only in safety attributes. Conclusions: This study divided the target group to examine what the HMR selection attributes of single-person college students are, the main consumer of HMR, and how selective attributes affect satisfaction and willingness to repurchase. In the process, we wanted to find out if there was a moderating effect on the health-oriented values in the dietary lifestyle.

This study aimed to re-establish the conservation area reflecting landscape ecological value through scenario program, targeting Odaesan National Park. The basic data were mapped in watershed planning units, which were set considering topographical and ecological values. The framework of Marxan with Zones, using an indexation process, was using the mapped indicators. Each best solution according to the scenarios was assessed through sensitivity analysis, and a final solution was selected among the best solutions, considering criteria including area ratio of conservation area and grouping. Lastly, the final solution was verified in the overlap analysis with recent zonation. As a result, through the framework of Marxan with Zones, the best solution of scenario 1, which was set by the highest conservation criteria was selected as the final solution, and the area ratio of conservation area and grouping was excellent. As for the overlap analysis, the suggested conservation area was improved compared to recent zonation in terms of the area ratio (39.4%), biotope grade Ⅰ (35.6%) and the distribution points (7 places) of legally protected species.

본 논문은 4세기 예루살렘 교회에 초점을 맞추어 초기교회 입교절차의 신학적 메시지와 교육적 가치를 탐구하고, 한국 개신교회를 위한 몇 가지 시사점을 제시했다. 입교절차는 키릴로스의 세례 전 사순절 카테케시스와 세례 후 미스타고지에 근거해 재구성했고, 에제리아의 증언에 도움을 받았다. 입교절차는 세례예식 전, 세례예식, 세례예식 후의 세 단계로 구성되어 있고, 가르침과 예식이 치밀하게 짜인 거룩한 사회화 과정이라는 특성을 갖고 있다. 주된 신학적 메시지는 사탄의 통치에 대한 포기와 하나님의 통치에 대한 수용, 그리고 그에 따른 세계관과 가치관, 윤리관과 삶의 양식의 변화를 의미하는 회심과 성화다.