개에서 이물, 신생물, 유문동비후, 위수술, 전해질불균형, 위확장성 염전 등에 의한 비정상적인 위 배출시간은 임상에서 소화기 질환으로 중요하다. 그러므로 위장관 운동이상에 대한 정확한 진단을 위하여 정상적인 위장관 운동시간에대한 자료가 필요하다. 이 연구의 목적은 개에서 기존의 BIPS를 이용하는 검사 방식이 아닌 국내에서 개발한 방사선비투과성 Kolomark를 이용한 위배출시간 검사에 대한 임상적 유용성에 대한 기초자료를 제공하기 위한 것이다.Beagle 9마리가 이번 실험에 사용되었으며 평균 체중 평균 10.3kg이며 평균 2.5살이었다. 검사를 위해 12시간 금식을시행하였으며 화학적 보정은 하지 않은 채 검사 직전 하루 사료급여량의 25%용량에 Kolomark 1개의 capsule과 함께 급여하였고 2, 4, 8, 12시간 때 Ventrodorsal, Right lateral자세로 촬영하였다. 관심판독부분은 분문에서 위유문부까지의 위장 전체를 관찰하였으며 분석방법으로는 각 시간대별로 위장 내에 남아있는 Kolomark를 카운트하여 비모수검정인 Friedman 검정방법을 이용하여 P값이 0.05 미만인 경우를 유의한 것으로 판정하였다. 구강으로 Kolomark를 섭식후 위에서 소장으로 완전히 Kolomark가 빠져나가는데 걸리는 평균시간은 7.55시간이었다. 이번 연구에서 성숙한 개에서 음식물 투여 후에 나타나는 위장관 통과시간을 Kolomark를 이용하여 정상적인 위장관 운동시간에 대한 기초자료가되리라 판단된다.

Ionizing radiation is known to cause chromosomal alterations such as inversions and deletions and affects gene expression within the plant genome. To monitor the genome-wide transcriptome changes by ionizing radiation, we used rice Affimetrix GeneChip microarray to identify genes that are up- or down regulated by gamma-ray (200 Gy, 60Co source), cosmic-ray and ion beam (40 Gy, 220 MeV carbon ion). The overall expression patterns between gamma-ray and ion beam were similar but cosmic-ray was regulated differently. Combined results from all 3 radiations identified 27 up-regulated genes and 188 down regulated genes. These results mean the induction of similar mechanism changes in treatments of gamma ray and ion beam. However the different expression in treatment of cosmic-ray might be due to the other environmental conditions. Among the commonly up- or down- regulated genes, we chose highly up- or down- regulated several genes and confirmed its regulation in response to ionizing radiation exposure by RT-PCR analysis. Moreover, we showed that specific co-expression networks of candidate radio marker genes by ARACNE algorithm. Our results present profiles of gene expression related to different ionizing radiation and marker gene to predict sensitivity to ionizing radiation, such as GS (glutelin subunit) and FBX322.

ChiVMV is one of the most destructive pepper pathogens in the East Asia. The resistant cultivar against ChiVMV is necessary to control the ChiVMV infection to pepper farm. However, the genetic source resistant ChiVMV was not fully identified yet and until now, the only recessive resistance gene has been recognized. In order to study more on the inheritance of the resistance and to establish a breeding program pertinent to ChiVMV resistance, firstly, we screened about 30 lines from several foreign countries, and found a new resistant line from several inoculation tests. Here, we report a new dominantly resistant chili pepper. Secondly, we found two AFLP fragments linked to the dominant resistance, which was located on the pepper chromosome number 6. The newly discovered dominant markers will help develop a new resistant pepper cultivar to ChiVMV.

Next generation sequencing (NGS) approaches can also be useful tool for characterization of organelle genomes. We generated chloroplast (CP) genome sequences of two Korean ginseng cultivars, Chunpoong and Yunpoong, based on reference-guided assembly using whole genome NGS data. We used 0.5x of P. ginseng genome NGS reads to assemble CP genome. Of the NGS reads used, about 6% were mapped to the reference CP genome with mean coverage of 94x due to high copy number of CP genome in plant cell. CP genomes of the two cultivars were predicted to be 156,248 bp and 156,355 bp in length and showed about 0.1% differences at nucleotide level, compared to reference CP genome sequenced from P. ginseng (Acc.no. NC_006290), whereas difference between CP genomes of the two cultivars is very rare. In this study, we developed the molecular marker to perform taxon identification and also to elucidate phylogenetic relationship among Korean ginseng cultivars. Now, we are analyzing the CP genomes of other P. ginseng cultivars together with other Panax species including American ginseng and Panax related species.

This study was carried out to develop expressed sequence tag-Simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers of brown plant hopper resistance gene originated from a rice cultivar ‘Cheongcheong’ and sensitive rice cultivar ‘Nakdong’. Total RNA extracted from the leaves of ‘Cheongcheong’ and ‘Nakdong’ were used to synthesize a cDNA library. As a result of analyzing the cDNA library, EST-SSR sites were found and the EST-SSR primer sets were developed. This study enables to provide effective marker assisted selection (MAS) methods on the selection of white-backed planthopper resistance gene originated from a rice cultivar more simply, quickly and precisely. Furthermore, using this marker’s advantage of deriving from cDNA, it is possible to identity the white-backed planthopper resistance gene.

A set of nine Korean rice germplasm (KRG) along with the six indica lines were screened under irrigated non-stress and drought stress situations at IRRI in dry season (DS) 2011. The experiment received mild to moderate drought stress. Under irrigated situation, among all lines, IRRI119 yielded highest followed by PSBRc80 and PSBRc14. Among nine KRG, Hanareumbyeo yielded highest followed by Gayabyeo. Yield of Hanareumbyeo was similar to high yielding indica lines. Under drought, PSBRc14 provided the highest yield among indica lines and Hanarembyeo provided highest yield among nine KRG. Among nine KRG, Hanarembyeo provided the highest yield both under irrigated non-stress and drought stress situation. Parental polymorphism was performed with 125 SSR markers taking six KRG and three drought tolerant donors and polymorphic markers and japonica lines background specific markers were identified. The polymorphic markers in the region of three QTLs (DTY1.1, DTY2.2, DTY3.1) will be used for foreground genotyping for QTL introgression and background specific markers will be used for background genotyping. Sixteen rice germplasm could be separated into two main groups, japonica and indica groups by cluster analysis. The japonica and indica groups also classified as two subgroups, respectively. Based on results of screening of japonica lines under irrigated non-stress and drought stress situations, two KRG- Hanarembyeo and Jinmibyeo were selected for introgression of three QTLs (DTY1.1, DTY2.2 and DTY3.1) associated with grain yield under drought stress.

The objective of this study was to determine the genetic diversities of major rice blast resistance genes among 84 accessions of aromatic rice germplasm. Eighty four accessions were characterized by a dominant 11 set of PCR-based SNP and CAPS marker, which showed the broad spectrum resistance and closest linkage to seven major rice blast resistance (R) genes, Pia, Pib, Pii, Pi5 (Pi3), Pita (Pita-2), and Pi9 (t). The allele specific PCR markers assay genotype of SCAR and STS markers was applied to estimate the presence or absence of PCR amplicons detected with a pair of PCR markers. One indica accession, Basmati (IT211194), showed the positive amplicons of five major rice blast resistance genes, Pia, Pi5 (Pi3), Pib, Pi-ta (Pi-ta2), and Pik-5 (Pish). Among 48 accessions of the PCR amplicons detected with yca72 marker, only five accessions were identified to Pia gene on chromosome 11. The Pib gene was estimated with the NSb marker and was detected in 65 of 84 accessions. This study showed that nine of 84 accessions contained the Pii gene and owned Pi5 (Pi3) in 42 of 84 accessions by JJ817 and JJ113-T markers, which is coclosest with Pii on chromosome 9. Only six accessions were detected two alleles of the Pita or Pita-2 genes. Three of accessions were identified as the Pi9 (t) gene locus.

본 연구는 칡소와 한우 그리고 젖소의 각 군을 통하여 RAPD-PCR방법과 RFLP방법을 응용하여 칡소에서 특이적으로 발현되는 유전자의 검출과 발현빈도에 따른 표지유전자를 분석하여 칡소 특이적인 표지인자를 탐색하고자 실시하였다. 연구결과, RAPD분석을 통하여 칡소에서 특이적으로 표현되는 유전자들을 발견할 수 있었으며, 검출 유전자의 다양성이 모색과 종간의 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 특이적으로 표현된 유전자들 중 칡소에서 특이적으로 표현되는 R9B

Beta-carotene producing transformants were produced in the background of 'Nagdongbyeo', a Japonica rice cultivar. Introgression of the carotenoid locus in the transformant, PAC4-2 into the elite cultivar 'Ilpumbyeo' was started. To initiate a backcrossing program, we surveyed 220 SSR markers and found that 38% of them were polymorphic between 'Ilpumbyeo' as a recurrent parent and the PAC4-2 as a recipient parent. The selection strategy comprising foreground and background selection was employed. First, foreground selection was practiced in BC1, BC2, and BC3 generations using the transgene specific PCR-based marker in addition to visual scoring of the seed color. Marker-based background selection combined with phenotypic selection was employed from BC3F2 to BC3F4 generations. Blast search indicated that the transgene PAC4-2 was located between SSR markers, RM6 and RM482. 240 BC3F3 and 63 BC3F4 lines were evaluated for four agronomic traits including days to heading. Most of the lines were similar to Ilpumbyeo in agronomic traits evaluated. The percentage of PAC4-2 genome ranged from 4% to 21% with a mean of 12.5%, which was higher than the expected for an unselected BC3 backcross population. This could be explained by the fact that two genes for beta-carotene and the stripe virus resistance were targeted in this study. We selected 10 representative BC3F5 lines from 63 BC3F4 lines based on agronomic traits and carotenoids content. The selection strategy would be appropriate for the introgression of beta-carotene gene in a breeding program.