수도권매립지 내 간척지에서 단벌기 목재에너지림 조성에 적합한 우수수종 및 클론을 선발하기 위하 여 이태리포플러, 미류나무, 현사시나무의 각 3개 클론을 1년, 2년 및 3년 수확구별로 목재에너지림을 조성하였다. 바이오매스 생산량을 추정하였고, 염분 흡수력, 활착율, 조기낙엽, 천공충 및 병·해충에 의한 피해율을 조사하였다. 클론별 연평균 바이오매스 생산량은 1년 수확구에서는 미류나무 97-18클론 이 5.97ton ha-1 year-1의 수확량을 나타내어 우수한 것으로 추정되었고 2년 및 3년 수확구에서는 미류 나무 97-19클론이 각각 9.33ton ha-1 year-1과 13.73ton ha-1 year-1으로 나타나 우수한 것으로 추정 되었다. 클론별 염분 흡수량은 미류나무 클론(Ay48, 97-18, 97-19)의 체내 Na+ 함량이 타 수종과 비교하여 높은 것으로 나타났다. 3개 수종 및 클론간의 평균 활착율뿐만 아니라 조기낙엽, 식엽충 및 천 공충의 피해도는 유의한 차이를 나타나지 않았다. 바이오매스 생산능력과 활착율 등을 토대로 적응능력 을 추정하였을 때, 미류나무 클론 97-18과 97-19의 적응능력이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 간 척지에 적응능력이 우수한 수종은 미류나무, 이태리포플러 및 현사시나무 순으로 나타났고 모든 수종 및 클론에서 3년 수확구가 바이오매스 생산에 유리할 것으로 추정되었다.

아메리카왕거저리의 사육기간을 단축과 기능성 향상을 위해 밀기울에 다양한 먹이를 보조사료로 공급하여 발륙기 간과 무게를 측정한 결과, 먹이종류별 아메리카왕거저리의 발육기간은 조단백질함량이 많은 배합사료와 밀기울에서 80.8일과 75.6일로 가장 짧았으며 버섯배지는 160일이상 소요되었으며 왕겨의 생충율은 85%로 가장 낮아 버섯폐배지 와 왕겨는 먹이원으로 적절하지 않았다. 보조 먹이원 선발을 위해 할맥, 압맥, 배추, 백련초, 파프리카, 개똥쑥을 20~80% 밀기울에 첨가한 결과 압맥과 할맥은 정상적으로 생장하지만 백련초, 개똥쑥 혼합에서는 접종 직후부터 죽은 개체들이 출현하여 생충율이 12.9%, 10.8%로 아주 낮게 나타났으며 배추와 파프리카도 24.2~38.8%로 낮아 보조사료로 적합하지 않았다. 들깨와 콩가루 역시 생충율이 높지 않아 1, 2차 시험결과 할맥, 압맥과 메밀이 보조사료로 적합하였다.

최근 봄철 기온이 높아짐에 따라 마늘 뿌리응애 피해가 늘어나고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 뿌리응애 피해를 최소하 하고자 발생양상과 22종의 약제에 대하여 살비효과를 조사하였다. 마늘 재배시기 중 뿌리응애의 발생은 충북 보은 등 5지역에서 2015년부터 2017년까지 3년간 3월부터 6월까지 뿌리응애 발생밀도를 조사하여 발생양상을 확인하였다. 뿌리응애는 2016년에 가장 많이 발생하였으며, 발생시기는 월동 후 3월 상순부터 발생하여 6월 중순경까지 지속적으로 밀도가 높아지는 양상을 나타내었다. 조사된 5지역 중 가장 높은 밀도로 조사된 보은지역은 6월 상순경 주당 13.3마리가 발생하였다. 뿌리응애에 대하여 우수한 살비효과를 나타낸 약제는 분무처리시 약제처리 10일 후에서 dimethoate, azocyclotin, abamectin, hexythiazox, cabosulfan, spirotetramat, benfuracarb가 90% 이상의 살비효과를 나타내었다

The citrus flatid planthopper Metcalfa pruinosa, a invasive species causes serious damages to field crops, including sweet persimmon, soybean, maize, especially ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A meyer). We selected six chemical pesticides and one environmental friendly pesticide made from the mixture of derris extracts, citronella oils, and cinnamon extracts in laboratory. These pesticides showed over 90% of control effect in open ginseng field. This study was carried out with the support of the cooperative research program for RDA (project No. PJ0124992018), Republic of Korea.

Artificial light is frequently used for plant growth and pest attraction traps in greenhouses. In addition, natural enemies may utilize this artificial light for colonization in greenhouses. Orius laevigatus is a biological control agent of whiteflies and thrips. The Y-tube selection test was conducted against O. laevigatus for 11 wavelengths (365, 385, 395, 405, 410-420, 420-430, 440-450, 490-500, 520-530, 590-595 and 620-630 nm) of LED and white light (5000k) for a control . One pipe of the Y-tube was allocated for insect entrance and other two pipes of the Y-tube were installed transparent sticky trap along with white LED and test wavelength, respectively. At least, three replications were conducted for each wavelength and 40 to 60 individuals of O. laevigatus were used for each replication. Attraction rate of 365 to 405 nm wavelength was above 50 % and highest at 385 nm (83.7 %). Attraction rate of 490 to 630 nm was below 20 % and lowest at 620-630 nm (1.4 %). The results indicate that O. laevigatus attracted most to 385 nm wavelength and this light may be useful for using O. laevigatus in green houses. Further research is needed using selected LED wavelength.

조류의 서식지 선택 연구는 서식지에서 조류의 행동과 서식환경요인들 사이의 관계를 이해 할 수 있기 때문에 해당종의 보전계획에 중요한 정보를 제공한다. 또한 멸종위기에 처한 종의 경우, 서식지 선택에 영향을 미치는 환경요인의 특성을 확인하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 멸종위기종인 긴꼬리딱 새의 서식지 선택에 영향을 미치는 환경요인들을 조사하기 위하여 실시되었다. 2014년 5월~2016년 8월 까지 긴꼬리딱새가 서식하는 52개 지역의 위치정보를 확보하고 이들 지역에서 7종류의 환경요인들을 분 석하였다. 긴꼬리딱새가 선호하는 서식지 환경요인의 평균값들을 산출한 결과, 긴꼬리딱새는 수계거리 13.58±2.78m, 경사도 13.54±1.43°, 활엽수림(73.07%), 밀밀도(78.84%)의 수관수밀도를 선호하였다. DBH는 7.53±1.0㎝, 고도는 161.62±26.63m, 번식기 평균기온은 23.38±0.28℃를 선호하였다. 수계거 리는 서식지 선택에 있어서 가장 중요하게 영향을 미치는 환경요인이었다.

Since Japonica rice is recognized as the premium rice in some subtropical region such as Philippines, the development of new cultivar adaptable in subtropical region has been conducting. However typical Japonica rice show earlier flowering in subtropical region due to the short day length and high temperature conditions. In such a condition, it is difficult to secure enough yields. Therefore it is need that selection of Japonica cultivar showing suitable heading characters in subtropical region. Here we try to check the basic vegetative phase and heading sensitivity on temperature condition using 37 kinds of Korean cultivars. BVP is between 14 to 39 days and 37% of cultivar had basic vegetative phase between 26 to 30 days. When temperature became lower on sensitive and reproductive stage, heading was more delayed. However the 24oC condition showed the greatest impact on heading delay among temperature condition. Among cultivars, 56% of cultivars have basic vegetative phase over 25days.We checked temperature effect on heading especially sensitivity stage in those materials. Joun, Manho, Joan and Cheonga showed stable heading date under different temperature conditions. With this data, we suggest that Joun, Manho, Joan and Cheonga could be a good cultivar in subtropical region in heading characters.

The purpose of this study was that the optimal hydrolysis conditions of endo- and exo-type enzymes were selected to utilize organic cheese byproducts. Optimal substrate concentration and optimum enzyme ratio were measured by using 4 kinds of endo-type enzymes (alcalase, neutrase, protamex, and foodpro alkaline protease) and two exo-type enzymes (flavourzyme and prozyme 2000P) for whey protein hydrolysis were analyzed using liquid chromatography. As a result, the optimal endo-type enzyme through the first enzyme reaction was selected as alcalse, and as a result of the secondary enzyme reaction, flavourzme was selected as the Exo type enzyme. The concentration of whey protein substrate for optimal primary and secondary enzyme reactions was 10%. In addition, the optimum ratio of enzyme was 0.5% of alcalase and 0.2% of flavourzyme, which showed low molecular weight chromatography pattern compared to 2% of alcalase and 1% of flavourzyme hydrolyzate. Therefore, hydrolyzing the endo-type enzyme alcalase at a concentration of 0.5% for 10 hours and then hydrolyzing the exo-type enzyme flavouryme at a concentration of 0.2% for 4 hours was considered to be the optimum condition.

갈색날개매미충 성충을 유인하여 방제할 수 있는 트랩식물로서 선발한 해바라기는 갈색날개매미충의 산란전기간에 대하여 가장 높은 유인 력을 보였다. 갈색날개매미충의 생태학적 특성을 고려할 때 성충단계에서 산란전기간과 산란기간으로 구별되며 갈색날개매미충이 선호하는 블루 베리와 비교하였을 때 산란전기간에 91.4~95.2%의 높은 유인력을 보였다. 갈색날개매미충이 산란에 접어드는 8월 20일에는 산란기주를 선호하 는 특성 때문에 해바라기로의 유인률이 9.8~11.6%로 낮았다. 해바라기와 동시에 사용할 수 있는 침투이행성 약제를 선발한 결과, Etofenprox를 제외한 모든 약제가 90% 이상의 우수한 방제효과를 보였고, 방제효과가 우수한 살충제 중 Dinotefuran 은 95.8%로 가장 높은 살충률을 보였다. 방제효과가 우수한 살충제인 Acetamiprid, Dinotefuran, Thiametoxam, Imidacloprid의 약효지속기간은 조시기간인 13일 동안 지속되었다. 따라서, 해바라기와 방제효과가 우수한 침투이행성 약제를 동시에 활용할 경우 농경지내로 유인되는 밀도와 주변 생태계내 개체를 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 생각되며 장기적으로 생태계 안정화에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

식물공장에서는 작물에 필요한 재배환경을 인위적을 조절하여 고품질 농산물에 대한 연중 계획생산이 가능하다. 본 연구는 완전제어형 식물공장 재배에 적합한 콜라비 품종을 선발하고자 실시하였다. 실험은 완전제어형 식물공장에서 수행하였고, 식물재료는 적색의 콜라비 품종인 ‘아삭콜’, ‘콜리브리’와 ‘퍼플킹’ 품종을 사용하였다. 인공광원은 LED광이었으며, 광도와 일장은 각각 249μmol·m·2·s-1, 12/12시간(밤/낮)이었다. 순환식 담액수 경방식으로, 정식 후 57일까지 재배하였다. 정식 후 43 일째에 전체 생체중과 괴경의 생체중 및 엽면적은 품종 간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 건물중과 괴경은 ‘아삭콜’ 품종이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 엽수는 ‘퍼플킹’ 품종이 가장 많았다. 당도와 수량는 ‘아삭콜’ 품종이 가 장 높았다. 생육과 상품수량을 고려해 볼때, 완전제어형 식물공장에 적합한 콜라비 품종은 ‘아삭콜’ 이었다.

The CNC machine tool field is showing a growing trend with the recent rapid development of manufacturing industries such as semiconductors, automobiles, medical devices, various inspection and test equipment, mechanical metal processing equipment, aircraft, shipbuilding and electronic equipment. However, small and medium-sized machining companies that use CNC machine tools are experiencing difficulties in increasingly intense competition. Especially, small companies which are receiving orders from 3rd or 4th venders are very difficult in business management. In recent years, company S experienced difficulty to make product quality and delivery time due to the ignorance of the processing method when manufacturing cooling plate jig made of SUS304 material used for cell phone liquid crystal glass processing. In order to solve these problems, we redesigned the process according to the size of our company and tried to manage all processes with quantified data. In the meantime, we have found that there is a need to improve the cutter process, which accounts for most of the machining process. Therefore, we have investigated the correlation between RPM and FEED of three cutters that have been used in the past. As a result, we found that it is the most urgent problem to solve the roughing process during the cutter operation which occupies more than 70% of the total machining. In order to shorten the machining time and improve the quality in machining of SUS304 cooling plate jig, we select the main factors such as price, tool life, maintenance cost, productivity, quality, RPM, and FEED and use AHP to find the most suitable milling cutter. We also tried to solve the problem of delivery, quality and production capacity which was a big problem of S company through experiment operation with selected cutter tool. As a result, the following conclusions were drawn. First, the most efficient of the three cutters currently available in the machining center has proven to be an M-cutter. Second, although one additional facility was required, it was possible to produce the existing facilities without additional investment by supplementing the lack of production capacity due to productivity improvement. Third, the Company’s difficulties in delivery and capacity shortfalls have been resolved. Fourth, annual sales increased by KRW 109 million and profits increased by KRW 32 million annually. Fifth, it can confirm the usefulness of AHP method in corporate decision making and it can be utilized in various facility investment and process improvement in the future.

Selecting suppliers in the global supply chain is the very difficult and complicated decision making problem particularly due to the various types of supply risk in addition to the uncertain performance of the potential suppliers. This paper proposes a multi-phase decision making model for supplier selection under supply risks in global supply chains. In the first phase, the model suggests supplier selection solutions suitable to a given condition of decision making using a rule-based expert system. The expert system consists of a knowledge base of supplier selection solutions and an “if-then” rule-based inference engine. The knowledge base contains information about options and their consistency for seven characteristics of 20 supplier selection solutions chosen from articles published in SCIE journals since 2010. In the second phase, the model computes the potential suppliers’ general performance indices using a technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) based on their scores obtained by applying the suggested solutions. In the third phase, the model computes their risk indices using a TOPSIS based on their historical and predicted scores obtained by applying a risk evaluation algorithm. The evaluation algorithm deals with seven types of supply risk that significantly affect supplier’s performance and eventually influence buyer’s production plan. In the fourth phase, the model selects Pareto optimal suppliers based on their general performance and risk indices. An example demonstrates the implementation of the proposed model. The proposed model provides supply chain managers with a practical tool to effectively select best suppliers while considering supply risks as well as the general performance.

The navy that operates a large size of weapon systems, relatively a small quantity of, in order to minimize the loss of war potential caused by the breakdown of weapon system during long-term naval area of operation assigns allowance parts such as Maintenance Float (M/F), Combat Exchange Components, Concurrent Spare Parts (CSP) and so on to each unit and makes them use the allowance parts. Among them, Combat Exchange Components is being calculated in accordance with heuristic method because there is no standardized method to calculate it differently from Maintenance Float and Concurrent Spare Parts. In this article, more systematic calculation optimization method of it is suggested by selecting the optimum Combat Exchange Components in accordance with integer programming and presenting it, comparing it with the list of Combat Exchange Components calculated by actual heuristic method.

With the increased globalization, selecting suppliers has become more challenging problem, especially because of increased risks among suppliers. This paper proposes a four-step supplier selection procedure in global supply chains under risk. In the first step, appropriate supplier selection solutions are determined by using a rule-based expert system. In the second one, these solutions are used to evaluate suppliers’ general performance. In the third one, suppliers’ risks are evaluated by using a risk evaluation algorithm. In the fourth one, Pareto optimal suppliers are selected based on their general performance and risk evaluation outputs. An example demonstrates the implementation of the proposed procedure.

PURPOSES: The purpose of this study is to evaluate different types of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) testing for characterizing the road cavity detection. The impulse and step-frequency-type GPR tests were conducted on a full-scale testbed with an artificial void installation. After analyzing the response signals of GPR tests for detecting the road cavity, the characteristics of each GPR response was evaluated for a suitable selection of GPR tests. METHODS: Two different types of GPR tests were performed to estimate the limitation and accuracy for detecting the cavities underneath the asphalt pavement. The GPR signal responses were obtained from the testbed with different cavity sizes and depths. The detection limitation was identified by a signal penetration depth at a given cavity for impulse and step-frequency-type GPR testing. The unique signal characteristics was also observed at cavity sections. RESULTS: The impulse-type GPR detected the 500-mm length of cavity at a depth of 1.0 m, and the step-frequency-type GPR detected the cavity up to 1.5 m. This indicates that the detection capacity of the step-frequency type is better than the impulse type. The step-frequency GPR testing also can reflect the howling phenomena that can more accurately determine the cavity. CONCLUSIONS : It is found from this study that the step-frequency GPR testing is more suitable for the road cavity detection of asphalt pavement. The use of step-frequency GPR testing shows a distinct image at the cavity occurrences.

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, and gray mold disease caused by Botrytis cinerea, are importantpest and plant disease. To control these, many people have been relied on chemical methods for a long time. However,their continuous use has resulted in resistance of pest and disease. To surmount or avoid these problems, we evaluatedantifungal activity of the selected fungi with high virulence to mite to explore the potential for the dual control of notonly T. urticae but also B. cinerea. To maximize the use of spores and cultural filtrates, the virulence to mite was evaluatedusing culture products, and effective culture condition was investigated against blastospore production and antifungal activity.Consequently, the 2 fungal isolate selected in this study were confirmed to have diverse potential and would be usedeffectively for dual control agents against the two-spotted spider mite and plant diseases