本實驗은 Vernal알팔파의 callus 誘導에 미치는 몇가지 要因들에 對하여 糾明하고자 逐行되었으며 얻어진 結果는 다음과 같다, Callus 誘導에서 auxin 源으로서 2,4-D를 2-5mg/1 單用處理한 것이 가장 좋았으며, 여러가지 基本 培地 中에서는 B5와 SH가 callus 誘導에 가장 效果的이었는데, PC와 MS 培地에서 生成된 callus는 friable 하였다. 培地#의 pH는 5.8이 가장 좋았으며 7.0 以上에서는 callus는 거의

This study was carried out in order to find out better ways for superovuiation and egg collection by checking some factors affecting on donor cows such as iactating and dried, age, season of treatment and sequence of treatment. The results were summarized as follows:1. Number of corpus luteum and collected eggs of eactating and dried doner were 9.8 vs 8.0 and 9.6 vs 7.9,respectively. However, the rate of transferable embryos of lactating doner were higher than that of dried, 82.5% vs 48.1%. 2. The average number of corpus luteum and collected eggs of lactating donors under 7 years of age (6.7 vs lactating 5.3) were slightly lower than those of over 8 years of age (11.1 vs 9.2). But the rate of transferable embryoswas better in under 7 years old donors than over 8 years (81.1% vs 49.3%). were 6.0, 4.8, 1.5, 1.8 and 75%, and those in the summer were 2.9, 3.8, 2.2 and 46.7%, respectively. 3. The average number of corpus luteum was the highest in winter (10.5) and the rate of egg collection was the best in autumn (94.7%). The rate of the transferable embryo was the highest in winter (64.3%). 4. The average number of corpus luteum was the lowest (5.5) in the animals treated six or more superovulating treatments. The rate of egg collection was the best in the third treatment group (90.2%), but it was getting worse after fifth treatment, The rate of transferable embryos was the highest in the second treatment group (94.1%), and it was decreased thereafter.

수정란이식에 있어서 수란우의 조건에 따른 수태율을 조사하기 위하여 생수 14 ~24개월되는 젖소 처녀우 29두와 한우 처녀우 1두, 그리고 젖소 경산우 3두 계33두의 수란우에 morulae stage부터 advanced blastocyst stage의 수정란을 각각 1개씩 이식하여 이들 수란우의 연령, 이식된 계절, 반복사용 그리고 공란우와 수란우간의 발정동기화 시차 등에 따른 수태율을 조사하였으며 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 수란우의 연령에 따른 수태율은 경산우가 100%로 좋았고 18개월 이상의 처녀우가 78%로 높았다. 14개월 이하의 어린 처녀우가 가장 나쁜 67%를 보였다. 2. 이식한 계절에 따른 수란우의 수태율을 보면 겨울(11월~1월)과 봄(2월~4월)이 각각 100%, 83%로 가을(8월~10월)의 50%보다 좋았다. 3. 1차 이식 후 불임된 수란우의 재사용에 따른 수태율은 1차에 사용된 31두 수란우 중 25두가 수태, 80.7%의 수태율을 보였으나 2차례 이용된 2두는 모두 임신되지 못했다. 4. 공란우와 수란우의 발정동기화의 시차에 따른 수태율은 -(before donor) 12 시간, -6 시간, +(after donor) 6시간, +12 시간, 그리고 +12시간 이상에서 각각 100%, 86%, 67%, 79% 그리고 50%로 공란우보다 빠른편이 수태율이 늦은 우군보다 높았고 시간 이내의 동기화된 우군에서 좋은 수태율을 보였다.

1980년(年) 3월(月)부터 1981년(年) 9월(月)까지 경기도 화성군 반월면 둔대리(京畿道 華城郡 半月面 屯台里) 야산(野山)에서 월동후(越冬後) 솔잎혹파리 밀도변동(密度變動)에 미치는 주요인자(主要因子)에 관(關)한 시험(試驗)을 진행(進行)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 토중밀도(土中密度) 감소율(減少率)은 양세대(兩世代)에서 용화전까지는 뚜렷하지 않았으나 용화기에 급격(急激)히 감소(減少)하였으며 그 변동상(變動相)은 세대(世代)에 따라 차(差)가 있었다. 2.1979년(年)과 1980년(年) 양세대(兩世代)의 추정(推定) 용화 50%일(日)을 비교(比較)해 볼 때, 1980년세대(年世代)에서 약(約) 2주정도(週程度) 앞당겨졌는데, 이는 온도(溫度)의 영향(影響)으로 생각된다. 3. 월동유충밀도(越冬幼蟲密度)에 대(對)한 성충우화율(成蟲羽化率)은 평균(平均) 14.5%로 1979년세대(年世代)에서는 14.1%였고 1980년세대(年世代)는 14.9%로 그 차(差)는 명백(明白)하지 않았다. 4. 성충(成蟲)의 상대적(相對的) 우화율(羽化率)(Y)과 토양함수량(土壤含水量)() 및 함수량(含水量)의 변이계수(變異係數)()와는 라는 식(式)이 성립(成立)되었으며 5% 수준(水準)에서 유의성(有意性)이 있었다. 5. 성충(成蟲)의 상대적(相對的) 우화율(羽化率)과 함수량(含水量)의 변이계수(變異係數)와의 상관관계(相關關係)들 구해 본 결과(結果), 함수량(含水量)의 변이계수(變異係數)가 클 때 우화율(羽化率)이 낮아지는 경향(傾向)이 있다. 6. 수상(樹上) 충영형성율은 1980년세대(年世代)에서는 평균(平均) 49.63% 였으나, 1981년세대(年世代)에서는 평균(平均) 86.87% 로 대부분(大部分)의 적송(赤松)이 고사(枯死)내지 고사단계(枯死段階)에 이르렀다.

Effect of some physical and chemical factors on germination of conidia of Alternaria alternata (Fries) Keissler causing fruit rot of apple was investigated. The germination was maximum at , 100 per cent RH and at 5.5 pH Syllit, amongst the 11 fungicides and Planofix, amongst the 5 growth regulators caused maximum inhibition of conidial germination.

고추 역병균의 균사생장 및 유주자낭 형성에 미치는 광선 및 pH의 효과를 조사하기 위하여 PC7971외 2균주를 공시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 역병균의 생육적온은 내외이었고, 2. 생육적정 pH는 6.0부근이었다. 3. 유주자낭 형성에는 광이 필요했으며 에서는 2,000Lux의 광도가 유주자낭 형성에 가장 효과적이었고, 4. 광처리후 56시간까지 급속한 형성을 보였다. 5. Oat meal배지와 V-8 Juice 배지가 Bean meal배지보다 현저히 많은 유주자낭을 형성하였다.

본 시험은 우리나라에서 발생하는 푸른곰팡이병균의 종의 빈도와 발병환경 및 방제법을 구명코져 실시하였다. 시험결과 Trichoderma koningi, T. lignorum, T. glaucum과 미동정의 1종등 4종의 병원균이 분리되었고 이들의 빈도는 각각 와 이었다. 푸른곰팡이병균은 감자배양액, 왁스만배양액과 리차드배양액에서 생육이 잘 되었으며 중성-염기성배지에서는 생육이 불량한 반면 산성에서 생육이 왕성하였으며 최적산도는 pH4였다. 양송이 수확기간 중 재배사내의 온도는 내외 일 때 본명의 발생이 적었고 수량이 많으며 이상에서는 본병의 발생이 격심하였다. 푸른곰팡이병균은 복토흙 소독시 에서 60분, 혹은 에서 30분간 열처리하므로서 완전히 사멸하였고 퇴비 후발효 과정에서도 사멸되었다.

목적: 본 연구는 축구경기력 영향 심리요인 연구와 현장적용에서 4차산업혁명 범용핵심기술과 분야별응용기술의 도입가능성 분류를 목적으로 진행하였다. 방법: 본 연구는 스포츠심리학 박사 8인, 공학박사 4인 등 총 12명을 대상으로, 축구경기력 영향 심리요인 연구와 현장적용에 범정부합동회의에서 제안된 4차산업 범용핵심기술과 분 야별응용기술(이하 첨단기술)의 평균과 표준편차 기반으로 도입가능성을 검토하였다. 결과: 첫째, 향후 10년 이내 축구경기력 영향 심리요인 연구와 현장적용에서 빅데이터, 모바일, 인공지능(AI)의 도입가능성(PT)은 매우높고, 증 강현실(AR)/가상현실(VR), 사물인터넷(IoT), 클라우드, 웨어러블, 가상물리시템(CPS), 지능형센서는 높다. 반면, 로 보틱스, 차량사물통신(V2X), 블록체인의 도입가능성(PT)은 낮고, 신소재, 3D프린팅, 유전자가위, 신재생에너지의 도입가능성(PT)은 매우낮다. 둘째, 향후 10년 이내 분석력, 학습능력, 컨디션, 실천지능의 연구와 현장적용에 첨단 기술의 도입가능성(PP)은 매우높고, 집중력은 높다. 반면, 창의력, 불안감조절, 동료소통, 지도자소통, 부담감조절, 압박감조절에 도입가능성(PP)은 낮고, 의욕, 자신감, 투지에 도입가능성(PP)은 매우낮다. 셋째, 향후 10년 이내 심 리요인 하위요인별 첨단기술 도입가능성(PTP)은 분석력, 학습능력, 컨디션, 실천지능, 집중력, 창의력, 불안감조절, 동료소통, 지도자소통, 압박감조절, 부담감조절, 의욕, 자신감, 투지 순으로 산출되었다. 넷째, 향후 10년 이내 축 구경기력 영향 심리요인 연구와 현장적용에서 유전자가위, 신소재, 신재생에너지는 축구경기력 영향 심리요인 전 반의 연구와 적용에 도입가능성이 매우낮은 기술로 평가되고 있다. 결론: 스포츠심리학 연구와 현장적용에 4차산 업혁명 첨단기술 도입에 대한 스포츠심리학계의 공감대 형성이 필요하다.

목적: 본 연구는 축구 경기력 결정 심리요인(이하 PFaFP)을 추출해 구조 및 중요도를 산출하고, 선행연구(윤영길, 2004)와 비교하여 시간 경과에 따른 PFaFP의 변화를 검토할 목적으로 진행하였다. 방법: 본 연구에서는 개방형설문 104명, 탐색적요인분석 223명, 확인적요인분석 179명, 계층분석 18명 등 총 524명을 대상으로 설문을 진행하 였다. 수집한 자료는 귀납적범주화, 탐색적요인분석, 확인적요인분석을 진행해 요인구조를 검증하고, 계층분석을 통해 중요도를 산출하였다. 도출된 PFaFP의 구조와 중요도를 선행연구(윤영길, 2004)와 비교해 시간 경과에 따른 변화를 탐색하였다. 결과: 첫째, PFaFP는 펀더멘틀, 경기지능, 정서조절, 소통역량으로 구조화되었다. 펀더멘틀은 투지, 의욕, 자신감, 집중력을 하위요인으로, 경기지능은 학습능력, 분석력, 창의성, 실천지능을 하위요인으로, 정서조절은 불안감조절, 압박감조절, 부담감조절을 하위요인으로, 소통역량은 동료소통, 지도자소통, 컨디션을 하위 요인으로 구성된다. 둘째, PFaFP의 상대적 중요도는 실천지능, 자신감, 집중력, 학습능력, 불안감조절, 컨디션, 창의력, 분석력, 부담감조절, 투지, 지도자소통, 동료소통, 압박감조절, 의욕 순으로 나타났다. 셋째, PFaFP의 구조에서 펀더멘틀과 경기지능 요인은 유지되었으나 동기와 정신력 요인은 삭제되고, 정서조절과 소통역량 요인은 추가 탐색되었다. 넷째, PFaFP의 중요도에서는 펀더멘틀 요인의 중요도는 유지되고, 경기지능 요인의 중요도가 증가하 였다. 한편 소통역량과 정서지능의 등장과 경기지능 요인의 중요도 증가는 대한민국 축구 환경의 변화, 사회문화 적 변동과 관련될 개연성이 있다. 결론: 시간의 경과에 따라 PFaFP와 하위요인의 구조와 중요도가 변화하고 있다. 축구 환경의 변화나 사회적 변동이 스포츠 현장에 반영되어 경기력 결정 요인으로 구체화되고 있다. 본 연구가 내용 중심으로 진행되고 있는 경기력 결정 심리요인 논의를 시간의 경과로 확장시키는 계기가 되기를 기대해 본다.

Project manager plays a very important role in the success of any project. The primary duty of the project manager is to combine the outcomes or results of the various processes and activities of project management into a systematic project management strategy or plan for the project. In the construction industry, a lack of motivation is an urgent problem for many project managers in construction and engineering projects. Lack of motivation affects the quality and productivity of jobs, reducing profits and growth for companies, businesses, contractors or organizations that rely on human resources. The reasons for this lack of motivation are diverse ranging from salary to culture to life and working environment, among others. Through surveys and data analysis using Cronbach’s Alpha reliability and EFA (Exploratory Factor Analysis), our research scaled the factors affecting work motivation of project managers in the construction industry in Vietnam. The research results identified six major groups of relevant factors including (i) salary and benefits, (ii) work environment, (iii) promotion opportunities, (iv) organizational culture, (v) interest in the job, and (vi) relationship with the organization. From there, this paper contributed useful information as well as measures for businesses, companies, contractors or organizations in the construction industry.

Sustainable tourism is the development of tourism activities to meet the current needs of tourists and indigenous peoples while paying attention to the conservation and improvement of resources for the development of tourism activities in the future (World Tourism Organization, 2013). With the aim of identifying factors affecting the development of sustainable tourism in the South Central Coast of Vietnam, the study conducted a typical survey of 160 tourism managers and 240 tourists traveling or have participated in tourism activities of 8 provinces in the South Central Coast of Vietnam, and used the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) analysis and regression analysis for analyzing the data. The research results show that 11 factors impact the development of sustainable tourism in the South Central Coast namely Institutions and policies for tourism development, Infrastructure, Tourism resources, Human resources for tourism, Diversity of tourism services, Relevant support services, Activities of association and cooperation for tourism development, Tourism promotion and encouragement, Tourists’ satisfaction, Local community, and Other factors. At the same time, among the above factors, the factors Institutions and policies for tourism development, Infrastructure, Tourism resources, and Local community strongly impact the development of sustainable tourism in the region.

The main aim of the present study is to investigate the factors that are considered affecting the adoption of Activity-Based Costing (ABC) in the autonomous public universities in Vietnam. A quantitative research was carried out. The data was collected through an online questionnaire survey between June 2020 and September 2020 addressed to the target respondents comprising 168 managers and accountants from 23 autonomous public universities in Vietnam, which participated in the resolution project No. 77/NQ-CP of the Vietnamese government on the pilot renovation of operational mechanisms of public tertiary education institutions during the period of four years, from 2014 to 2017. The findings resulted from hypothesis testing by a binary regression analysis based on the SPSS 20.0 software show that training, competition, support of top manager, and university size are the four main factors that positively affect the adoption of Activity-Based Costing (ABC) in studied universities. On the other hand, no statistically significant impact was found on two other variables, namely the variety of services provided and the usefulness of cost information factors. From the research results, discussions and policy recommendations have been presented to promote the adoption of Activity-Based Costing (ABC) in Vietnamese autonomous public universities in the coming time.

In the global trend toward economic integration, Vietnamese enterprises desire to attract investment and increase competitiveness in the global market, so they have been required to provide transparent, high-quality financial reports following the International Financial Reports Standards (IFRS). Based on the roadmap drawn by the Vietnam Ministry of Finance, the foreign-invested enterprises, listed enterprises and state-owned enterprises will be applying IFRS in 2030. However, some enterprises in Vietnam have applied IFRS in the presentation of financial statements at the request of related parties for a while. The main research objective of this paper focused on examining the factors affecting the implementation of IFRS in Vietnamese enterprises through descriptive statistics tools, Cronbach’s Alpha testing, EFA and logistics regression analysis with the sample collected from 254 Vietnamese enterprises. The methodology in this research was the mixed qualitative and quantitative method. The results show that the higher the profitability, debt ratio and firm size of the enterprise, the more likely it is to apply IFRS. From the results of this study, the appropriate recommendations have been made to promote the implementation of IFRS by Vietnamese enterprises effectively and following the IFRS application roadmap of the Ministry of Finance of Vietnam.

This study aimed to investigate the influence of spiritual leadership on innovative work behavior and the effect of knowledge sharing on job crafting. Furthermore, the roles of knowledge sharing as a mediator for the impact of spiritual leadership on innovative work behavior, and job crafting as a mediator for the relationship between variables, were also examined. This research employed quantitative analysis, including the PLS-SEM approach; SMART-PLS, a measurement and structural equation model was employed to explain the relationship between variables, and the effect of mediation. The population study consisted of all lecturers at the Faculty of Economics and Faculty of Economics and Business at the PTKIN in East Java, Indonesia, comprising 220 randomly-selected samples. The result showed spiritual leadership does not directly influence innovative work behavior, while knowledge sharing directly affects job crafting. The findings indicated knowledge sharing mediates the impact of spiritual leadership on innovative work behavior, and the role of job crafting as a mediator for the relationship between variables was accepted. Therefore, this research confirms a positive influence of knowledge sharing on job crafting, and indicates both factors play an important role in mediating between variables, and are important for lecturers’ innovative work behavior.

The main purpose of this study is to find the factors affecting the consumer goods buyers’ choice on e-commerce sites in Vietnam. By using the quantitative method, the paper examines the theoretical research model and tests four hypotheses. The sample was drawn from the population of e-commerce sites in Vietnam comprising about 1,000 respondents. This study used the questionnaire method to collect primary data to test the hypotheses. Data analysis of the questionnaire was done using SPSS. The results show that there is a correlation between personal preferences of consumers on colors and brands and their actual final choice on e-commerce sites in Vietnam. The most important factor affecting the consumer goods buyers’ choice on e-commerce in Vietnam is the brand of E-commerce site, following by the color and position. Among all educational groups, respondents with a Master degree pay the biggest attention to the site’s color attribute, and those with a Bachelor degree pay more attention to the brand attribute. Women pay much more attention to the location of the products on the screen than men, as do consumers with a PhD degree, over respondents with a Bachelor or Master degree, and foreigners over Vietnamese consumers.

Internationalization of multinational companies in the globalized context is a popular topic in the academic world and it is also a strong concern of CEO/managers. However, this topic has not been well discussed in the academic community in Vietnam that can be contextualized in the typical transition economy. This paper is designed to explore critical success factors (CSF) of internationalization of large Vietnamese companies that have contributed major revenue from the international market. Through interviews with CEO/managers of successful companies geared toward world markets, the CSFs of internationalization have been identified and categorized into groups in which each CSF has interaction with each other, and together have combined impacts on the success of internationalization. The research results provide a conceptual framework to analyze factors affecting internationalization of large Vietnamese companies. Thank to this conceptual framework, further exploratory and/or confirmatory research can be developed to locate more success factors of internationalization. In addition, some particularly critical factors of internationalization success of Vietnamese companies are found to be useful to both CEO/ managers and policymakers. CEO/managers can benefit from the research results by concentrate their limited efforts/resources in managing these CSFs, and policymaker may design CSF-based policies to boost the internationalization of domestic companies.

The purpose of the study is to find the factors that influence the financial leverage of Vietnam firms. The dependent variable is the financial leverage and the independent variables are firm size, asset structure, liquidity, growth opportunities, profitability, and firm age. The data are collected from Vietnam firms’ annual financial reports in the period from 2010 to 2019. The study uses a sample of 448 Vietnam listed firms in the period. We also employ a panel regression model with pooled OLS and fixed effect to analyze the firms’ financial data. The results of the model showed that financial leverage (FL) has a negative relationship with some factors such as asset structure (AS), liquidity (LQ), growth opportunities (GRW), profitability (ROA), and firm age (AGE) in the fixed effect regression. It means that when liquidity, profitability, and firm age increase, firms’ financial leverage will decrease. While firms’ financial leverage has still a positive relationship with the firm size (SIZE) in the model. As a result, when firm size increases, financial leverage will increase, too. The results showed that models are fit for the research and can be used to predict future findings. It is also useful for enterprises, financial advisors, investors, as well as the financial managers.

The aim of this article is to determine the influence of factors on the capital structure of construction companies listed on the Hanoi Stock Exchange. The data of the article were collected and calculated from the financial statements of 54 construction companies listed on Hanoi Stock Exchange from 2012 to 2019. With the application of E-view software in quantitative analysis to build panel data regression model (panel data), the article has built a regression model to determine the relationship of intrinsic factors affecting the capital structure of construction companies listed on Hanoi Stock Exchange. In the study, dependent variable is capital structure, determined by the debt-toequity ratio. Profitability, coefficient of solvency, size, loan interest rate, structure of tangible assets, and growth are independent variables. The results showed that the two factors of growth and firm size positively affect the capital structure, the profitability factor has the opposite effect on capital structure. Factors of short-term debt solvency, average loan interest rate and tangible asset structure have no correlation with capital structure. The findings of this article are useful for business administrators, helping business managers make the right financial decisions to make capital structure decisions in their own conditions.