The purpose of this study is to utilize technology as basic data for smart clothing product research and development. This technology can recognize user's motion according to characteristics types and functions of wearable smart clothing products. In order to analyze the case of motion recognition products, we searched for previous research data and cases referred to as major keywords in leading search engines, Google and Naver. Among the searched cases, information on the characteristics and major functions of the 42 final products selected on the market are examined in detail. Motion recognition for smart clothing products is classified into four body types: head & face, body, arms & hands, and legs & feet. Smart clothing products was developed with various items, such as hats, glasses, bras, shirts, pants, bracelets, rings, socks, shoes, etc., It was divided into four functions health care type for prevention of injuries, health monitor, posture correction, sports type for heartbeat and exercise monitor, exercise coaching, posture correction, convenience for smart controller and security and entertainment type for pleasure. The function of the motion recognition smart clothing product discussed in this study will be a useful reference when designing a motion recognition smart clothing product that is blended with IT technology.

The purpose of this study is to utilize technology as basic data for smart clothing product research and development. This technology can recognize user's motion according to characteristics types and functions of wearable smart clothing products. In order to analyze the case of motion recognition products, we searched for previous research data and cases referred to as major keywords in leading search engines, Google and Naver. Among the searched cases, information on the characteristics and major functions of the 42 final products selected on the market are examined in detail. Motion recognition for smart clothing products is classified into four body types: head & face, body, arms & hands, and legs & feet. Smart clothing products was developed with various items, such as hats, glasses, bras, shirts, pants, bracelets, rings, socks, shoes, etc., It was divided into four functions health care type for prevention of injuries, health monitor, posture correction, sports type for heartbeat and exercise monitor, exercise coaching, posture correction, convenience for smart controller and security and entertainment type for pleasure. The function of the motion recognition smart clothing product discussed in this study will be a useful reference when designing a motion recognition smart clothing product that is blended with IT technology.

연료전지용 전해질막의 성능에 있어서 가장 중요한 요소는 수소이온이 전해질막 내부에 형성된 수화채널을 따라 서 얼마나 빨리 전달될 수 있느냐이다. 여기에는 수화채널의 모폴로지 및 수소이온의 확산도 등이 매우 중요한 요소가 되는 데, 이를 규명하기 위하여 다양한 분자동역학 전산모사 연구가 진행되고 있다. 분자동역학 계산에 있어서 각 원자의 움직임 및 상호작용을 미리 변수화 시켜 놓은 force-field는 필수 요소 중 하나로서, 본 연구에서는 이러한 force-field의 종류가 전해 질막 전산모사에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여, 다양한 force-field를 이용하여 연료전지용 전해질막의 수소이온 확산도를 계산하였다. 이 과정에서 non-bonding interaction을 결정하는 전하 값이 수화채널 모폴로지 형성에 매우 중요한 역할을 한다 는 것이 밝혀졌으며, COMPASS force-field가 가장 정확한 수소이온 확산도 값을 얻음으로써 연료전지용 전해질막의 전산모 사에 있어서 가장 적절한 force-field일 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 force-field의 적절한 선정은 최종 분자 구조 뿐만 아니라 수 소이온 확산도에도 큰 영향을 주는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 연료전지용 전해질막 전산모사 수행 시에는 이러한 부분을 충분히 감안하여 force-field를 선택하여야 할 것이다.

In recent years, companies, consumers, and society have increasingly committed to actions aimed at protecting the environment. Thus, environmental activity has become central to companies’ strategies. Apparel is becoming a disposable product, resulting in a sharp consumption increase (Hwang et al., 2016). The fast growing rates of apparel products consumption and waste lead to an environmental crisis. Smaller brands as well as many multinational companies, including large chains started selling clothes made of ecological fiber. According to the Ethical Fashion Forum, green fashion refers “represents an approach to the design, sourcing and manufacture of apparel which maximizes benefits to people and communities while minimizing impact on the environment.” (Cervellon & Wernerfelt, 2012). The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship between perceived effectiveness of green products, attitude toward advertising, brand attitude, purchase intention and green behavior intention and to identify how claim specificity types, cognitive style and sustainable involvement influence on the relationship between variables.

This study investigated aesthetic preferences for beauty types in women’s appearance among the East Asian cultures of Korea, China, and Japan through two-mode semantic network analysis with a cross-cultural viewpoint. Based on the results, this study proposed practical implications for appearance management industries and global consumer goods companies.

This research was conducted in order to examine whether the type of credit card (premier vs. standard card) influences consumer purchase decisions regarding luxury consumption. The present research reports three experiments with online panels of non-student adults, which find that (1) the use of a premier card (vs. a standard card) leads to a more goal-congruent choices, (2) the effect is mediated by a temporary increase in the perception of pride, and (3) the effect is pronounced for people with a low level of chronic pride. The effect of payment methods on consumer spending has been a concern of theory and research in consumer behavior (Bernthal, Crockett, & Rose, 2005; Feinberg, 1986; Prelec & Lowenstein, 1998; Soman, 2001). This research stream has shown that consumers tend to spend more when they use a credit card than when they pay cash and has proposed various theoretical mechanisms to account for the phenomenon (Chatterjee & Rose, 2012; Prelec & Simester, 2001; Soman, 2001; Thomas, et al., 2011). However, researchers have paid little attention to the effect of different types of credit cards (i.e., premier vs. standard card) on consumer decisions. We contend that the use of a premier card (vs. a standard card) can increase the feeling of pride momentarily and in turn increase consumers’ motivation to pursue a long-term goal that they value. As a result, they prefer a choice alternative that is more congruent with the goal. To be specific, the use of a premier card would increase the choice of luxury alternative, and that this effect would be pronounced for those who value material possessions (i.e., high materialism). This expectation was confirmed in the studies that we have performed. In three experiments, participants were shown a credit card(either premier or standard) and were asked to assume that they were going to use it for their purchase. Then, they were asked to make choices in shopping contexts. Participants with premier credit card, compared to those with standard card, showed more goal-consistent choices. They were more likely to choose luxury alternatives, and this effect was apparent only for those who have a high materialistic value. When the choice set includes both a low-calorie food and a high-calorie food, the use of a premier card increased the choice of low-calorie food, and this effect was apparent only for those with diet goal. These effects were mediated by the feeling of pride. Three studies in combination provide insights into the effect of types of credit cards on consumer spending regarding luxury consumption and the processes underlying the effect, which have not been reported elsewhere. The use of a premier credit card (vs. a standard credit card) led to a greater choice of luxury alternatives over standard alternatives and a greater choice of low-calorie foods over high-calorie foods. However, these effects were apparent only when people highly valued the goal under consideration (i.e., high materialism or strong diet goal). Finally, these effects were attributable to a momentary increase in the perception of pride by virtue of the use of a premier card, and consequently, the effects were observable only for people who have a relatively low chronic pride. The effects we observed in this research generalized over different product categories and different long-term goals. Nevertheless, it is desirable to extend findings in more diverse consumption categories (e.g., services) as well as to identify additional variables that moderate the magnitude of the effect. In addition, it is worth considering alternative underlying mechanisms than the one we considered (i.e., the feeling of pride) in future research. For example, a premier card may increase individuals’ construal level, thereby affecting consumer purchase decisions.

This research examines how advertising message effectiveness differs depending on media types that provide fashion information among teenagers. Employing cloth consumption value and ‘fitness’ of fashion style, young people’s attitudes toward advertising and brand of fashion product were analyzed. Theoretical contribution and practical implication for fashion industry are discussed. Introduction Teenagers are an important consumer group in the clothing market, and the market size is expanding. They are more likely to absorb new information and respond to social influences, compared to other age groups. Thus, it is expected that teenagers are greatly influenced by the fashion information gained when making a purchase decision. In adolescence, the peer group is especially influential, as well as the media. Therefore, it is possible that their use of information source will differ from other groups. The most popular medium for Korean teenagers in recent years is social media. A Social Network Service (SNS) is a web-based service that allows individuals to build social relationships, providing a place for users to exchange information and opinions by providing a platform for communication (Boyd & Ellison, 2007). As development of mobile Internet technology, smart phone or tablet PC is commonly used in Korea and SNS becomes vital way for communication for young people. Most of teenagers are using SNS daily and exchanging their opinion each other. Recently, it attracts increasing attention for marketers to deliver advertising messages as a new marketing tool. Fashion companies widely employ SNS in their marketing activities to enhance brand images, retain customers (Cho & Park, 2012). SNS serves as a platform for “many-to-many” interactive communication, unlike traditional mass media for ‘one-to-many’ communication. Unlike traditional media, SNS has a wider influence on participants. Therefore, exactly the same message could be differently functioned by the advertising delivering system. This study seeks to look at how message effectiveness differs depending on the type of media that provides fashion information. As mentioned earlier, social media has distinct characteristics from the traditional mass media. Thus, even when it is the same advertising information, its impact on the consumer can vary when transmitted through the mass media and through social media. In addition, social media is a collection of various social platforms that share specific properties rather than a single media. Thus, depending on the type of social media, the same ad information can also be expected to elicit differing responses from consumers. In this study, female youth were studied as subjects of research. The survey method was utilized. This will allow us to explore the impact of various media on female youth's response on fashion advertisement. Understanding the sources of information important in youth will help develop effective clothing products marketing. The use of clothing sources varies depending on the group. Therefore, each vendor is expected to establish effective marketing methods through research on the use of the clothing information sources of the target audience. Theoretical Background Type of Media In this study, type of advertising media was mainly categorized as follows: Social Network Service (SNS) and mass media. More specifically, SNS was reassigned into three by characteristics of service such as network-type, share-type, and blog-type (Chung & Lee, 2015). Overall, four types of media were analyzed in this study and each service was represented by Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and magazine ad in the order named. Social Desirability and SNS Along the development of Internet based technology (IT), ways of advertising placement became diverse and moved focus on IT based service including SNS. Especially for young people, fashion industries are willing to catch their eyes on SNS. By the nature, young SNS users are eager to search, blog, and share what they have earned on SNS for various reasons. Sharing fashion information is very important for young female. Their expressions on SNS mean what they are; what I eat, wear and so on. A fellow feeling, so called ‘we-ness’, is extremely essential for Korean young people. Looking alike does not only share collectivistic spirits, but also makes feel not fall behind the trendy style. Using SNS is one of the best ways of confirming their fellow feeling and at the same time it reduces peer pressure. From the domain of fashion marketing, research on communication had been mostly focused on mass media, and research on SNS communication, sharing of consumption information among consumers had been insufficient (Jun & Park, 2013). Fashion companies are recently trying to utilize SNS as a new alternative to have efficient effects with little costs. The SNS communication effect plays a large role in the consumption of consumers and analyzes the influence of SNS on the responses of the customers. SNS has the characteristic in which recommendations of friends or reliable acquaintances based on trust are important (Jung & Cho, 2016). Fashion Information Source and Clothing Consumption Value Consumers’ choice of clothing is based on the information gained. Information provided by the media or other people's clothing is the main source of decision making. In this case, the media and the surrounding people will become sources of desirable fashion style. Earlier, Cox(1967) classified the type of information sources as marketer-driven sources, consumer-driven sources, and neutral sources. Several scholars classified information sources as personal and non-personal sources, and direct observations and experiences (Andreasen 1968, Sproles 1979). Park and Yoo(2000) classified consumers according to fashion lifestyles and analyzed the sources of information that each group utilized. Each group tended to use different types of fashion information sources. Fashion-following group and personality-oriented group utilized more media and personal information, such as print media and television, compared to pragmatism group and conformity group. Personality-oriented group tends to use more direct observation than other groups. Conformity group showed the least use of mass media, purchase experience, observation, and interpersonal information source. This result shows that the types and degree of information used varies depending on the consumer’s fashion lifestyle. Research has found that clothing consumption value is one of the major variables which affect consumer’s use of information source. Among several classifications of consumption values, Sheth’s model is the most utilized model in Korea fashion academia (Han and Kim, 2002). Sheth et al. (1991) classified consumption values into functional value, social value, emotional value, epistemic values, and conditional value. Han and Kim (2002) classified consumer groups into 4 groups utilizing Sheth’s classification: the Conspicuous, the Epistemic, the Social/Conformitive, and the Indifferent. There were significant different among the four groups in information search process. The Conspicuous and the Epistemic more tend to search carefully the clothes inside the store or in the show window than other groups. The two group members answered that they make a decision based on my own tastes than the other groups. Research Questions and Hypotheses Based on the earlier discussion, we propose following research question and hypotheses. Research Question 1: Would advertising message’s effect on young people’s attitudes toward advertising and brand of fashion product be different, depending on their consumption value of clothing? Hypothesis 1-1: Consumers in different consumption values groups will show different response to the same advertising message delivered through different channels. Specifically, social conformity group are more likely to show positive attitude toward advertising and brand presented on network-type SNS than advertising and brand presented on other platforms. Hypothesis 1-2: The Expressive is more likely to show positive attitude toward advertising and brand presented on magazine than other groups are. Research Question 2: Would advertising message’s effect on young people’s attitudes toward advertising and brand of fashion product be different, depending on their age group? Hypotheses 2-1: Young women will have better responses to SNS-based ads than magazine ads to older women. Research Question 3: Would advertising message’s effect on young people’s attitudes toward advertising and brand of fashion product be different, depending on their perception of ‘fitness’ of their desired fashion style? Hypotheses 3-1: When they perceive the presented style on the ad does not fit to their desired fashion style, network-type SNS is more likely to get positive attitude from the social conformity group than from the other groups. Methodology This present study aims to investigate the effects of advertising message by operating delivering system on consumers’ attitude toward fashion advertising and purchase intentions. This research employed a 4 (consumption value of clothing: expressive, practical, unique, social/conformity) X 4 (Advertising media type: network-type SNS, share-type SNS, blog-type SNS, and magazine) X 2 (fashion style fitness: fit/not fit) between subjects factorial design. The survey was conducted on 200 more young females, aged 16 to 24. Main Discussion Points This study aims to investigate how a fashion product ad works depending on the type of media on which the fashion advertising presents. To do this, authors will compare the advertising effectiveness among magazine ad, Facebook (Network type SNS), Instagram (Share type SNS), and Twitter(blog type SNS). First of all, we are going to examine how each advertising medium works depending on consumer’s consumption values, their age, and the perception of fitness of their desired fashion style. Based on the results, the theoretical contribution and practical implication will be discussed. This discussion will provide us deeper understanding on how fashion industry utilizes advertising media when female youth is a major target group

The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of two trunk stability exercise types on the gait factors of stroke patients. We randomly divided 24 old elderly patients with hemiplegia, who were hospitalized due to stroke, into a two groups, each with its own six-week exercise program: one that used of a dynamic trunk stability exercise using with physio-balls(n=12) and a group of one that used a static trunk stability exercise using on mats(n=12). After measuring the participants gait ability a sin a pre-test, we again measured their ability again as in a posttest after two-for both types of six-week exercise programs for each group. The analysis of the data analysis showed that both ball and mat exercise programs significantly improved the participants’ gait velocity and stride length; cadence, however, was significantly changed only by the ball exercise program. In conclusion, both types of trunk stability exercise may be useful in improving the gait ability of stroke patients, and, in particular, the former can be used as an exercise method that effectively significantly affects more various other gait factors.

To elucidate occurrence patterns of naturalized plants in agroecosystems, we surveyed flora in uplands, orchards and rice paddy fields in middle regions (Gyeonggi-do and Chungcheong-do) of Korea in summer and fall from 2013 to 2015. Our results showed that there are 77 species of naturalize plants in 54 genera and 20 families of vascular plants among total 420 species occurred in the agricultural areas composing 18.3% of naturalized index. Community compositions of both native and naturalized plants were different among agricultural types.We suggested that Cerastium glomeratum Thuill., Bidens frondosa L. and Erigeron philadelphicus L. are capable of dispersal to other regions based on our results with getting to broaden distribution of naturalized plants. The mean naturalized index was the highest in the upland (25.1%) followed by in the orchard (23.0%) and the paddy field (16.1%), while the mean number of naturalized species was the highest in the orchard (21.8 species) followed by in the upland (16.6 species) and paddy field (10.3 species). The numbers of naturalized plants in the orchard were increased along with increasing size of the agricultural land and decreasing ecological area rate. In addition, the number of native species was significantly correlated with the number of naturalized species in the upland. Our results would provide useful information to manage dispersion of naturalized plants in agricultural ecosystems.

내염소성 원생동물인 크립토스포리디움, 지아디아 등 병원성 미생물의 제거에 대한 신뢰성을 확보하기 위해 정수 처리 공정에서 막여과 시스템이 각광받고 있으며, 이러한 신뢰성을 보증하기 위해 막 완결성에 대한 연구가 중요시되고 있다. 막 완결성 시험은 크게 직접법과 간접법으로 분류되는데, 직접법 중 압력기반의 시험은 버블포인트 이론을 근간으로 병원성 미생물의 최소 크기인 3 μm 크기 이상을 감지할 수 있는 감도로 USEPA Guidance Manual에서 제시하고 있다. 간접법은 온라 인 상태에서 연속적인 운전이 가능하다는 점에서 널리 사용되지만, 직접법에 비해 현저히 낮은 막 손상 감지 감도를 가지고 있 으며, 손상 부위를 특정 지을 수 없는 한계가 있기에 이러한 감지 감도를 개선해야 할 필요가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 압 력 손실 시험에 의한 막 완결성 시험을 통해 막 파단 형태별, 파단 개수, 초기설정압력값에 따른 압력손실률과 LRVDIT 신뢰 성 범위를 상호 비교함으로써 막 손상에 따른 감도의 결과를 정량화하여 UCL 기준을 나타내어 비교 평가하였다.

기본적으로 형 음 의 삼요소를 갖추고 있는 것을 문자라 칭한다. 이러한 문자는 보통 독립 성을 갖고 단독으로 사용된다. 하지만 모든 문자가 다 독립적으로 사용되고 있는 것은 아니 다. 어떤 문자는 독립적으로는 사용되지 못하고 다른 문자와 결합하여 字素를 이루어야만 사 용될 수가 있는데, 이를 ‘비독립 자소’라 부른다. 본 논문은 不成文 字素를 포함해說文解字 540개 부수를 대상으로 문자의 단독 사용 여부에 따라 비독립 자소를 구별해 내었고, 이를 다시 字形에 따라 독체자소, 합체자소, 그리고 변이자소로 분류하였다. 그리고 이들이 어떠한 과정을 거쳐 독립 자소에서 비독립 자소로 변하게 되었는지에 대해 심층적 분석을 진행하였 다. 그래서 비독립 자소가 어떠한 형태와 유형으로 대체되었는지, 왜 그러한 현상이 생기게 되었는지 등에 대해 분석하여 ‘不成文’, ‘通假’, ‘同義 문자’, ‘後起字’, ‘字形의 변형’, ‘釋形之誤’, ‘기타’의 7가지 유형으로 분류해 내었다. 아울러 이들의 문자로서의 가치와 위상에 대해서도 논하였다.

이 연구는 지역방송에 대한 지역민의 의견을 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 9개 지역민방 시 청자 게시판의 게시 글을 분류하고, 의견을 유형화 하였다. 주요 결과로 지역방송 시청자게시판 의 게시 글은 문의, 평가, 요구 등 세 가지로 유형화 할 수 있었다. 이 중 문의를 제외한 평가와 요구를 통해 지역민의 의견을 종합한 결과, 심층성, 접근성, 전문성, 프로그램완성도, 공정성, 정 확성, 자체제작 및 편성, 지역성, 상호작용 등 9개의 의견으로 유형화 할 수 있었다. 지역방송에 대한 지역민 의견은 정확성, 전문성, 완성도, 공정성 측면에서는 지역프로그램의 많고 적음을 떠 나, 일반적인 저널리즘 원칙과 방송 원칙을 수행하는 것을 원하고 있었으며, 이런 요소들이 충족 되지 않을 때 지역방송을 낮게 평가하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 그동안 지역성 개념에서 중요하 게 다뤄지지 않았던, 접근성에 대한 요구가 많음을 발견할 수 있었다.

In Korea, the occurrence frequency of earthquakes has recently increased, compared with the past. So, the various damages for cultural properties due to earthquake can be expected, and especially fortress structure is vulnerable to earthquake. Therefore, the resonable seismic characteristics evaluation is required to secure the safety for fortress structure with the various construction and configuration types. Also, we should consider the various applied load conditions as design variables. To this end, this study classifies fortress structures according to the construction and configuration types, and then applies the discrete element method to model and analyze fortress structures. Finally, the seismic characteristics is evaluated through slip condition due to the analysis results considering the various design variables.

본 연구에서는 불가피하게 훼손될 산림자원과 주변 산림의 자연자원을 이용하여 비오톱이식공법, 산림표토포설, 소경목군락식재 등의 공법을 통해 복원된 식생복원지를 대상으로 복원시공이 완료된 2008년부터 2013년까지 6년에 걸쳐 모니터링을 실시하여 복원효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 복원 유형별 복원효과를 보면, 비오톱이식공법을 사용하여 복원된 지역은 훼손될 산림을 그대로 옮겨 복원한 것으로 복원 직후부터 기존의 자연산림과 가장 유사한 형태를 띠고 있어 단시간 내에 자연산림의 형태를 갖추어야 하는 복원 공사에서 유리할 것으로 판단된다. 산림표토를 이용한 복원은 수목이 성장하여 교목층을 형성하는데 오랜 시간이 걸릴 것으로 예상되나 절개지와 같은 나지상태의 공간을 복원시키 기에 높은 효과를 얻을 수 있을 것이라 기대된다. 군락식재는 식재 수목의 크기에 따라 좀 더 짧은 시간 내에 피도를 높일 수도 있으며, 교목층을 형성할 수도 있으므로, 복원지역을 정확히 판단한 후 수목의 크기를 고려하여 이용한다면 높은 효과를 얻을 수 있을 것이라 기대된다. 본 연구는 식생복원 유형별 모니터링 조사를 통해 숲으로의 천이과정에서 나타나는 변화를 관찰하여 식생복원 유형별 자연자원을 이용한 생태복원 효과를 연구했다는데 의의가 있다. 그 결과는 식생복원이 필요한 지역이나 불가피하게 훼손되는 산림자원을 이용할 수 있다는 점에서 활용 및 응용이 가능한 기초자 료 역할을 수행할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

In this paper, the performance of a synthetic fiber filter aimed at high-speed operation and dosed with different coagulants or filter aids was investigated. Without a coagulant, the filter efficiency was about 62% which was greatly enhanced when three types of coagulants namely PAC, Alum, and FeCl3 were used. Among the coagulants tested, PAC was the most effective, giving 91% filter efficiency, followed by Alum with 90%, and FeCl3 with 78%. PAC worked effectively at a very small range of dose, but Alum was relatively effective in a wide range of concentration. Compared with PAC and Alum, FeCl3 provided more or less contant efficiency regardless of its dose but gave the poorest filter efficiency. Moreover, as the inflow turbidity increased, headloss increased and the efficiency decreased at any dose and type of coagulant. The headloss recorded in this particular synthetic fiber filter is not significant as compared to that observed in typical granular filters. The recovery of solids estimated after filter cleaning was about 80% for both PAC and Alum, but poorer at 72% in the case of FeCl3 due to the heavy and large floc characteristics. The recurrence of filter efficiency verified through repetitive filter runs was found to be satisfactory.

The current study explores the effects of different types of voice-based chat on EFL students’ negotiation of meaning according to proficiency levels. Participants included 123 Korean university students of English. They were divided into two voice-based chat groups: student-student voice-based chat and student-chatterbot voice-based chat. The experiment was administered throughout one semester, 16 weeks. Negotiation of meaning evident in the chats was coded for confirmation check, comprehension check, clarification requests, repetition, and reformulation, and was measured by counting the number of meaning negotiation moves. Important findings were as follows: Firstly, there were significant differences between the first chat and the last chat. The mean frequencies of negotiation moves at all proficiency levels positively changed over time as a result of participating in student-chatterbot voice-based chat. Particulalry, student-chatterbot voice-based chat, as compared to student-student voice-based chat, allowed students to use more negotiation strategies, and the strategies used in the chats also appeared to be different according to the students’ proficiency levels. Lastly, positive perceptions of voice-based chat were observed at all proficiency levels. This study provides empirical evidence to substantiate the effects of voice-based chatterbots in oral interaction. Based on the findings, pedagogical implications are made on the effective implementation of voice-based chatterbots in EFL contexts.

This study analyzed indoor and outdoor thermal performance among different types of green roofs and green walls in order to provide information for building greening. When temperature reduction effects of green roofs and green walls were compared to the control, the effects was highest at the green roof and wall treatment, followed by green wall, green roof, and the control, which means there was temperature reduction effects by building greening. Also these temperature reduction effects was influenced by outdoor weather condition such as being typically high in sunny days but not notable in rainy days. In addition temperature reduction was effective as the air temperature was up but was not influenced by wind velocity. As for directions, the west side showed the highest temperature followed by the south and east in the order. Heat flow was found greater in control than in green roof and green wall. In addition, heat flow reversal was found as time went on.