The carbon anode material for lithium-ion battery was prepared by pyrolysis fuel oil and waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) additive. The pitch was synthesized as a medium material for carbon anode by heat treatment. The waste PET additive improved the softening point and thermal stability of the pitch. La and Lc of the anode material (heat-treated pitch) increased at higher treatment temperature but decreased by waste PET additive. The electric capacity was evaluated based on effects of defective cavity and developed graphite interlayer, respectively. When the La and Lc of the anode material decreased, the electric capacity by cavity increased based on defective graphite structure. Therefore, the addition of waste PET causes the improved capacity by the cavity. The anode material which has a high efficiency (over 95%) and C-rate (95%, 2 C/0.1 C) was obtained by controlling the process of heat treatment and PET addition. The mechanism of lithium-ion insertion was discussed based on effects of defective cavity and developed graphite interlayer.

This study was aimed to evaluate the dose-response the effects of nano-encapsulated conjugated linoleic acids(CLAs) on in vitro ruminal fermentation profiles. A fistulated Holstein cow was used as a donor of rumen fluid. Nano-encapsulated CLAs(LF, 5% of nano-encapsulated CLA-FFA; HF, 10% of nano-encapsulated CLA-FFA; LT, 5% of nano-encapsulated CLA-TG; HT, 10% of nano-encapsulated CLA-TG) were added to the in vitro ruminal fermentation experiment. In the in vitro ruminal incubation test, the total gas production on incubation with nano-encapsulated CLAs was increased significantly according to the incubation time, compared with the control(p<0.05). The tVFA concentrations on addition of LF and HT were significantly higher than that of the control(p<0.05). Thus, nano-encapsulated CLAs might improve the ruminal fermentation characteristics without adverse effects on the incubation process. In addition, the population of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens which is closely related to ruminal biohydrogenation was increased by adding HT, while decreased by adding LF at 12 h incubation. These results showed that nano-encapsulated CLA-FFA could be applied to enhance CLA levels in ruminants by maintaining the stability of CLA without causing adverse effects on ruminal fermentation profiles considering the optimal dosage.

본 연구에서는 해상용 경유의 희석량에 따른 선박용 윤활유의 점도 및 전단응력의 변화 등 유변학적 거동에 대한 연구를 하였다. 연료희석에 의한 윤활유의 점도감소는 피스톤링 및 라이너의 마모로 인한 엔진내구성을 저하키는 중요한 요소이다. 연구에 사용된 윤활유는 고유황 경유(황함유량 0.05 %)를 3 %, 6 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 %로 희석하여 magnetic stirrer를 이용, 혼합하여 제조하였다. 측정온도는 -10℃ ~ 80℃ 범위로 설정하고, 점도 및 전단응력 변화는 회전점도계인 Brookfield Viscometer를 이용하여 측정하였다. 윤활유에 해상용 경유의 희석량이 증가할수록 점도 및 전단응력이 감소하며, 이것은 상대적으로 낮은 점도의 해상용 경유가 윤활유에 희석됨에 따라 윤활유의 점도 및 전단응력이 낮아지기 때문이다. 특히, 저온(0 ~ -10℃)에서는 점도 및 전단응력이 급격이 낮아지다가, 40℃ 이상에서는 점도 및 전단응력 감소가 해상용 경유 희석량의 영향을 거의 받지 않는다. 온도가 높아짐에 따라, 윤활유의 점도 및 전단응력 감소는 윤활유의 뉴턴유체 거동을 보이는 것을 확인했다. 경유의 혼입에 의한 점도감소로 선박의 엔진마모를 촉진할 수 있으므로 엔진의 내구성 향상을 위해 윤활유의 주기적인 관리가 필요하다.

The insecticidal activities of materialsderived from Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai against third instar larvae of three species mosquitoes (Culex pipiens, Aedes albopictus and Anopheles sinnensis) were evaluated using a direct contact mortality bioassay. The methanol extracts of D. crassirhizoma showed 100%, 87.8% and 100% larvicidal activity at 1,000 ppm against Cx. pipiens, Ae. albopictus and An. sinensis, respectively. Hexane fraction showed 100% larvicidal activity three species mosquitoes at 500 ppm after 24 hrs. Purification of the biologically active constituents from the hexane extraction with larvicidal activity was done using silica gel column chromatography. H1 and H3 fractions gave 100% mortality to Cx. pipiens, Ae. albopictus and An. sinensis at 100 ppm. H1 fraction separated with methanol to give a H111 through centrifugation. Fraction of the biologically active constituents from the H3 fraction with larvicidal activity was done using methanol. H31 fraction was determined 100% mortality to Cx. Pipiens, Ae. albopictus and An. sinensis at 50 ppm, respectively. Two fractions were analyzed C14H22O (H111, MW206.0) and C11H14O4 (H31, MW210.08) by GC and GC-MS. D. crassirhizoma derived compounds described herein could be useful for managing filed populations as larvicide of Cx. pipiens, Ae. albopictus and An. sinensis.

This study was performed to investigate the effects of Needle Electrode Electrical Stimulation(NEES) on ischemia-induced cere˗ brovascular accidents. After obstruction and reperfusion of arteries in white mice, the amounts of necrosis and inflammation related sub˗ stances Bax, IL-6, Caspase-3, and COX-2 were measured in neurons of the fore-brain. The following results were obtained. This study used 21 male specific pathogen free(SPF) SD rats, 8 weeks of age and approximately 300g in weight. Each exposed artery was completely occluded with non-absorbent suture thread and kept in that state for 5 minutes. The sutures were then removed to allow reperfusion of blood. Test group is control group(common carotid artery occlusion models), a GI(underwent common carotid artery occlusion), and NEES(underwent NEES after artery occlusion). The GI and NEES groups were given 12, 24, or 48 hours of reperfusion before NEES. NEES device(PG6, ITO, Japan, 9V, current, 2Hz) was used to stimulate the bilateral acupoint ST36 of the SD rats for 30 minutes while they were sedated with 3% isoflurane. An immuno-his˗ tochemistry test was done on the forebrains of the GI induced rats. Both Bax and Caspase-3 immuno-reactive cells, related to apoptosis, were greater in the GI than the NEES group. Cox-2 and IL-6 immuno-reactive cells, related to inflammation, were greater in the GI and NEES groups than the control group. We can expect that applying NEES after ischemic CVA is effective for preventing brain cells from being destroyed. And we can conclude NEES should be applyed on early stage of ischemic CVA.

Background : Teucrium veronicoides Maximowicz is a perennial plant affiliated to labiate. Ther e were many oil components such as methylchavicol, anethole, anisaldehyde, p-methoxycinnamal dehyde, 3-ocatanone and p-cymene. It has been used for indigestion, stomachache, vomit, diarrhe a in the chinese medicine field. Besides it used as medicine, it used increasingly as food additiv es, tea and air fresheners etc. This experiment was focused on plugs and planting date. That's why the plug plants are very useful for transplanting. It saves time and labor for farmer with well-management system. During the raised seeding time, they could has gotten plant health and maximum potential state. The planting date which would have something related to the growth of plug. Methods and Results : Plug plants raised in the greenhouse during 30 days. The interval of planting date was 10 days and five time planted in planting density of 60*30cm sized area with three repeat treatments. The first treatment was middle April. The last planting date was late May. Before planting period, the length of plant and the length of leaf were the highest at the middle April, respectively. The stem diameter was highest at late March. The number of leaf was the most in the late March and early April than other planting date. In the planting period, the length of plant was highest at early April. The stem diameter was also highest at that time. There were no differences on the length and the width of leaf. The number of leaf per plant was the most at the early May. The branches per plant and number of node per plant were the highest in middle April. In the respect of yield, early May had the highest dried yield than that of other treatments. It was 492.2kg/10a. The index of which was 122. The lowest was 317.2kg/10a in late May. Conclusion : About the characteristics on the growth and the yield of Teucrium veronicoides Maximowicz plug in accordance with the planting date, the yield of early May was the highest than that of other in this study. Therefore planting date of early May would have high possibility of optimum planting date.

Background : Schizonepeta tenuifolia Kitagawa is a herbaceous plant affiliated to labiate. It has many oil components which has antimicrobial activity for health with limonene, menthone, pulegon e, piperitenone, schizonepetoside A, schizonepetoside C, spatulenol. The planting area of which is com paratively small than other medicine crop as 5ha area and 15MT in the nation. The purpose of this study was to figure out the cause of characteristics on the planting life in accordance wit h the planting date used plugs. Plug plants are very useful for transplanting. It gives well-mana gement effects to the farmer such as time saving, convenience of planting, plant health, and ma ximum potential state during the raised time. Methods and Results : The number of treatment for planting date was five. Those are early May, middle May, late May, early July and middle July. The interval of the planting date was 10 days. And the raising seeding period was 30 days. During the raising seeding period, in late July treatment the length of plant and the stem diameter were the highest respectively. The number of stem was also the most in late July. In the planting period, the length of plant and the stem diameter were the highest at early May. There were no differences in the number of stem per plant. The length of ear and the width of ear were the highest at the early July. The number of ear per plant was the highest in the early May as 768.7. In the respect of yield, the weight of fresh body at early May was the highest as 587g per plant. The next higher weight of fresh body was middle May as 530.0g per plant than that of other planting date. Conclusion : The effect of planting date on the growth and the yield of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Kitagawa mainly focused to early May treatment. The earlier planting treatment was the better for planting it in this study.

Background : Senna tora L. is a herbaceous plant affiliated to legumes. It has many components good for health with emodin, chrysophanol, aloe-emodin, physicion, rhein, obtusin. It is believed to have many medicine effects, as well as to good for the eyes. This study carried to find ou t the difference of characteristics on the growth according to the planting date used plugs. Plu g plants are very useful for transplanting. It gives well-management effects to the farmer such a s time, plant health, and maximum potential state during the raised time. Methods and Results : Plug plants had 30 days in raising seeding. The planting date was five time. Fist planting date was late April. The last planting date was early July. In their raising seeding period they were taken care of in the green house. And after 30 days, they were planted on the ground in planting density of 50*40cm sized area with three repeat treatments. When the raising seeding period, the length of plant and the length of leaf were the highest at the middle May, respectively. The number of leaf per plant was highest in late May as 11. In the planting period, the length of plant was highest at early July. The lowest was the length of plant at late May. Except the stem diameter in early April, they were no differences among other treatments and the stem diameter was the highest in early April. The number of node per plant could be found the most in middle May and late April. The number of node per plant was the lowest in early July. In the respect of yield, middle May had the highest yield than that of other treatments. It was 849.0kg/10a. The lowest was 740.6kg/10a in the early May. Conclusion : About the characteristics on the growth of Senna tora L. according to the planting date, the yield of middle May was highest than that of other date in this study. The planting date of late May had also shown strong tendency of optimum planting date. Therefore middle May and late May of planting date would be optimum planting date.

Background: Chrysanthemum indicum L. is used in medicine, for bee, ornamental as multivoltinism plant resources. Since ancient times, Chrysanthemum indicum L. had been widely used as drug and tea. From 2000, breeding began and the three varieties "Manhyang", "Geumhyang", Gamro" were developed so far. As demand has increased, growth traits of "Wonhyang" has been tested and fostered to report growth characteristics of "Wonhyang". Methods and Results: It is used New variety "Wonhyang" that were forstered in Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services. After going through selection, proliferation and characteristics of CI0901, production performance test carried out in 2012~2013. As a result, it had named as "Gamkuk 4" in high quality, quantity and of strong in the disease. Local adaptability trial test carried out in 2014~2015. Conclusion: "Wonhyang" was a good growth in plant height, lengths of branches. Leaf color is light green, flower color is light yellow. Disease and pest resistance of "Wonhyang" is relatively better than "Manhyang". Since plant height is small and plant width is big, "Wonhyang" is available for medicine, food and landscaping. As a result of local adaptability trial test, Yield(131.1㎏/10a) of three region Hamyang,Hapcheon,Changnyeongis 10% higher than "Manhyang". Based on the results of this study, "Wonhyang" was to be registered for a new breed through the breed fostering council.