시설토마토에서 사전에 해충밀도를 예찰 하지 않고 작물 정식과 동시에 적용한, 기생성/포식성 천적과 그들의 먹이원/서식처가 결합되어 있는, ‘Natural Enemy in First (NEF)’ 기술의 총채벌레와 진딧물 방제효과를 확인하였다. 처리 후 12주차에 NEF 처리구에서 총채벌레 밀도억제 효과는 천적처리구 및 관행방제구에 비해 각각 32%와 82% 더 높았다. 처리 후 진딧물의 밀도는 모든 처리구에서 낮게 유지되어 처리구간 유의성 있는 차이를 확인할 수 없었다.

해충의 예찰 없이 작물 정식 초기에 천적을 먼저 적용할 수 있는 천적-서식처 혼합적용(Natural Enemy in First; NEF)기법의 방제효과를 확인하였다. 시설 딸기에서 조사 12주차에 NEF처리구와 천적 단독 처리구에서 친환경자재 처리구 대비 각 83%, 70%의 점박이응애 밀도 억제효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 예찰 없이 작물 정식 초기에 NEF를 적용한 처리구에서 천적 단독 처리구보다 3배 이상의 높은 천적 밀도를 확인하였다.

This study aimed to examine the effect of a mild elevation in serum cholesterol level in a porcine coronary overstretch restenosis model using a balloon angioplasty catheter or drug-eluting coronary stent. Pigs were divided into two groups and were fed a commercial normal diet (CND, n = 4) or a high-fat diet (HFD, n = 4) for 5 weeks. Coronary overstretch injury by balloon angioplasty or stent implantation was induced in the left anterior descending and left circumflex artery after 1 week of feeding. Histopathological analysis was performed at 4 weeks after coronary injury. During the experiment, the total cholesterol level in the HFD group increased by approximately 44.9% (from 65.9 ± 3.21 mg/dL at baseline to 95.5 ± 9.94 mg/dL at 5 weeks). The lumen area in the CND group was reduced in comparison with that in the HFD group after balloon angioplasty. After stent implantation, the injury score showed no significant difference. There were significant differences in the neointimal area (2.7 ± 0.33 mm2 in the CND group vs. 3.3 ± 0.34 mm2 in the HFD group, p<0.05), lumen area (2.6 ± 0.54 mm2 in the CND group vs. 2.0 ± 0.33 mm2 in the HFD group, p<0.05), and percent area stenosis (52.0 ± 7.96% in the CND group vs. 62.4 ± 5.15% in the HFD group, p<0.05). Body weight change was not different between the two groups. Increased serum cholesterol level activated vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in the porcine coronary overstretch model.

Biological control is becoming an increasingly important part of integrated pest management programs in Korea. For this reason, effective and sustainable insect pest management is a priority for many growers. And the success of biological control depends upon the use of the economical methods such as a combination of proper natural enemies and plants (banker, habitat, trap, companion, etc.). For the last nine years, we have developed simple and reliable new habitat plants system with natural enemies, and named it『Natural Enemy in First Method』that we are introducing here. Our goal was to better understand the potential for effective use of beneficial insects and their habitat plants for the management of thrips, spider mites, and aphids in greenhouses. This approach is being developed to improve biological control in various crops in Korea.

본 연구는 지속가능한 유기농업의 실천을 위하여 국내 작부체계와 농업환경에 적합한 한국형 현장적용 기법을 구축하고자 수행하였다. 본 연구의 기본 개념은‘Natural Enemy in First (NE가 먼저)’로 해충 발생시기의 예찰 없이 주 작물을 정식함과 동시에 천적과 선발한 보조식물을 혼합 적용해서 해충발생 이전에 천적을 포장에 먼저 정착시키는 생물적 방제기법이다. 미끌애꽃노린재 서식처로 Portulaca sp.를, 콜레마니진디벌 서식처로 옥수수를 선발하여 시설 토마토에서 방제효과를 확인하였다. 미끌애꽃노린재 단독처리와 천적 서식처(Portulaca sp.) 혼합처리구에서 관행방제 처리구(약제처리)대비, 각각 82%, 73%의 총채벌레 밀도 억제 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 진딧물의 경우, 모든 처리구에서 3줄기 당 평균 0.5마리 이하의 낮은 밀도를 유지하였다.

Cryopreservation of boar semen is continually researched in reproductive technologies and genetic resource banking in breed conservation. For evaluating the boar semen quality, sperm motility (MOT) is an important parameter because the movement of spermatozoa indicates active metabolism, membrane integrity and fertilizing capacity. Recently, polymorphisms reported to be significant association with sperm MOT. This study was conducted to evaluate the SNP in the coding region of ESR1 (g.672C>T inexon 1) as a positional controlling for motility and kinematic characteristics of post-thawed boar semen. To results,The g.672C>T was significantly associated with frozen semen motility and kinematic characteristics. g.158 T>C SNP was high significantly associated with MOT, VCL, VSL and VAP Also, the SNP was low significantly associated with ALH.Therefore, we suggest that theSNP in the coding region of ESR1 (g.672C>T in exon 1) may be used as a molecular marker for Duroc boar Post-thawed semen quality.

Estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) is involved in oestrogen-related apoptosis in cell cycle spermatogenesis but their effects have not yet confirmed in pig. Therefore, this study was performed to investigatetheir association with semen motility and kinematic characteristics. DNA samples from 126 Duroc pigs with records of sperm motility and kinematic characteristics [Total motile spermatozoa (MOT), Curvilinear velocity(VCL), Straight-line velocity(VSL), the ratio between VSL and VCL(LIN), Amplitude of Lateral Head displacement(ALH)] were used in present study. A single nucleotide polymorphism (g.35547A>G) was associated with MOT, VCL, VAP and ALH in Duroc population (p < 0.05). Therefore, we suggest that the porcine ESR2 may be used as a molecular marker for Duroc boar semen quality, although its functional effect was not clear yet. These results will improve the understanding of the functions of the ESR2 in spermatogenesis within the reproductive tracts, and will shed light on ESR2 as a candidate gene in the selection of good sperm quality boars.

본 연구는 지속가능한 유기농업의 실천을 위하여 국내 작부체계와 농업환경에 적합한 한국형 현장적용 기법을 구축하고자 수행하였다. 본 연구의 기본 개념은 ‘Natural Enemy in First (NE가 먼저)’로 해충발생시기의 예찰 없이 주 작물을 정식함과 동시에 천적과 보조식물을 혼합 적용해서 해충발생 이전에 천적을 포장에 먼저 정착시키는 생물적 방제기법이다. 시설재배 딸기에서 칠레이리응애, 사막이리응애, 콜레마니진디벌과 천적의 서식처 3종을 주 작물의 정식과 동시에 적용한 결과, 관행방제구에 비해 80%이상의 해충 밀도억제효과를, 천적 단독처리구에 비해 3배 이상의 높은 천적의 밀도를 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 포장 환경과 천적의 방사방법에 구애받지 않고 천적의 해충 방제효과를 극대화시킬 수 있는 라인을 적용한 결과, 약제와 천적 혼합처리구에서 라인을 적용하지 않은 처리구에 비해 해충의 밀도가 급격히 감소하고, 천적의 밀도는 2배 이상 높게 유지되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

CD63, a member of tetraspanin membrane protein family, plays pivotal role in cell growth, motility, signal transduction, host-pathogen interactions and cancer. In this work, the cDNA encoding CD63 homologue (TmCD63) was cloned from larvae of coleopteran beetle, Tenebrio molitor. The cDNA is comprised of an open reading frame of 705 bp, encoding putative protein of 235 amino acid residues. In silico analysis shows that the protein has four putative transmembrane domains and one large extracellular loop. The characteristic ‘Cys-Cys-Gly’ motif and ‘Cys188’ residues are highly conserved in the large extracellular loop. Phylogenetic analysis of TmCD63 revealed that they belong to the insect cluster with 50-56% identity. Analysis of spatial expression patterns demonstrated that TmCD63 mRNA is mainly expressed in gut and Malphigian tubules of larvae and the testis of the adult. Developmental expression patterns of CD63 mRNA showed that TmCD63 transcripts are detected in late larval, pupal and adult stages. Interestingly, TmCD63 transcript was upregulated the maximum 4.5 fold in response to DAP-type peptidoglycan during the first 6 h, although other immune elicitors also made significant increase in the transcript level at later time-points. These results suggest that CD63 might contribute to T. molitor immune response against various microbial pathogens.

Background : The Schizonepeta which is characterized by short growth period is used for the pedicel as a medicinal plant. Its main ingredients are essential oil, monoterpenoid, and flavonoid. Major effects include fever, pain, anti-inflammation, and anti-allergy. There are no varieties developed so far, and it is necessary to develop standard varieties to supply domestically good varieties. In this study, the growth and yield characteristics of the genetic resources collected for cultivating good-quality varieties were tested. Three strains were classified into early, medium, and late life. Methods and Results : The research was carried out in the test packaging of the Medicinal Resources Research Institute (Hamyang) in Gyeongnam province. It was harvested in late May, early June, and mid June by flowering season. The harvest time was mid June, late June, mid July, late July, mid August, and late August. Flowering, growth characteristics and yield were investigated. Growth characteristics showed a tendency to increase with the delay of flowering and harvesting time, such as plant height, leaf length etc. As the flowering time and harvesting time were delayed, the number of trees increased. The selected early line showed 89.4 ㎝ in plant length, 38.3 g grain weight, medium line 69.5 ㎝, 61.0 g, late line 136.4 ㎝, 111.2 g. Conclusion : When the cultivars are selected for the selected strains, it is expected that the cultivars with high physiological activity characteristics will be able to develop the cultivars as high quality varieties and high yield varieties.

Background : Rehmannia glutinosa is a perennial herb belonging to family Scrophulariaceae. This study was breeding of R. glutinosa cultivar with insect tolerance and high-yielding. Methods and Results : ‘Chunggang’ is developed by the medicinal crop breeding team of National Institute of Horticulture and Herbal Science (NIHHS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), during the period from 2005 to 2017. The reproduction of Rehmannia glutinosa has been accomplished mainly by vegetative propagation with its seedlings. This cultivar was selected from seedling of RG10. The plant type of Chungang is some rising from ground. Regional yield trials conducted at three site from 2016 to 2017. The root yield of ‘Chunggang’ was 22.3 ton per hectare, which was increased 11% compared with ‘Jihwang 1’ (check variety). Also, ‘Chunggang’ has higher insect tolerance compared with ‘Jihwang 1’. Conclusion : ‘Chunggang’ is a insect tolerance and high-yielding Rehmannia glutinosa cultivar.

Background : When the Platycodon grandiflorum is applied before the rainy season, the increase of the incidence of the Platycodon grandiflorum root rot disease increases greatly. This experiment was carried out to reduce the incidence of rot root rot disease through the lodging protecting method. Methods and Results : Three-years-old Platycodon grandiflorum was subjected to four treatments with no treatment, net installation, cutting stem, and removing bud. No treatment was used as a control, and as a further control, netting was used in the Platycodon grandiflorum to set up a treatment with almost no lodging. In the case of cutting stem, the stem was cut off in the middle of June, leaving more than 60 ㎝ before flowering. In the case of removing bud, blooming just before, the bud was removed. As a result, the coverage rate was the highest at 36.9% in the non - treatment area in the middle of July after the rainy season and 0.4% in the net installation. Compared with the case of cutting a lot of stems, 12.7% of the stem was covered with stones, whereas the stalk was 31.8%, which was close to the untreated stomach. As a result of the change of morbidity rate per treatment, it showed a morbidity rate of 49.7% in case of net installation, compared with 60% or more morbidity rate in case of untreated. Conclusion : As a result, an anti-lodging technic has helped prevent the onset of root rot disease. Further research on how to prevent the lodging of Platycodon grandiflorum using cutting stem will be needed.

Background : Turmeric is a subtropical plant, which has a high temperature for growing, but if it continues to be high temperature, it will be turned into heat degradation phenomenon. In order to mitigate damage caused by high temperature, we investigate the damage caused by high temperature. Methods and Results : This study was carried out in the experimental packaging (April 2018 seeding) of the Gyeongnam provincial medicinal resource research institute and eight systems of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) As the main research items, temperature characteristics of treatment distinction and high temperature damage rate were investigated. From July to August 2018, the main weather condition was over 35℃ for more than 21 days and showed abnormal high temperature. CUR11 showed the highest mortality rate (9.1%), and CUR10 (44.8%) showed the highest mortality rate. The average number of CUR11 strain was 23.2%. The mortality rate was 4.9% at the 60 th day of the emergence period and 40.2% at the 75 th day after 2 weeks. The higher the loss rate, the higher the damage rate. When the coating was maintained, the coating surface showed a high temperature of 50℃ or higher. A test was conducted to confirm the heat-reducing effect by coating, as a result of the test, there was no significant difference in the removal rate compared to the control. Conclusion : In order to alleviate the effect of high temperatures on the growth of turmeric, it was found that the heat loss caused by the coating did not appear much in case of turmeric.

Background : Senna tora L. is an herbaceous annual foetid herb. There were many components s uch as emodine, chrysophanol, aloe-emodine, physcion, rhein, chrysophanic acid, obtusin, aurantio-obtusin, anthraquinone compounds. The seeds and leaves are used to treat skin disease and its see ds can be utilized as a laxative, as well as to good for the eyes. This experiment was focused on the storage characteristics for searching better condition. That's why it is very useful for making oriental medicine. It is needed for Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) certification. It is one of ce rtification condition. Many medicinal plants have almost no their storage condition for GAP. Methods and Results : There are two kinds of treatment for storage test. One is temperature. The other is time period. The temperature treatments are room temperature and 4℃. Time of storage periods are four parts. The first time period for storage is zero month. The Second is until three month. and the third is until six month. The fourth is until nine month. We used polyethylene for packing materials. We investigated moisture, ash, bacteria, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, mold and chromaticity by them. The value of moisture and ash are under standard of permission as 7.8 and 5.1 respectively. There were almost no significance about test microorganism in the storage temperature condition. There were statistical significance on the bacteria and mold without Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus according to storage period. In terms of stroage temperature and period interaction, there was statistical significance on the Escherichia coli. In addition, the mycotoxin (aflatoxin) was analyzed for nine month storage Senna tora L. The total aflatoxin value were 3.307 ppb and 3.334 ppb in storage temperature and period respectively Conclusion : About the characteristics of Senna tora L. in accordance with the storage treatments, there were differences along with time period of storage about the bacteria and mold. There was no aflatoxin until nine month storage.

Background : Schizonepeta tenuifolia Kitagawa is a herbaceous plant affiliated to labiate. It ha s many oil components which has antimicrobial activity for health with limonene, menthone, p ulegone, piperitenone, schizonepetoside A, schizonepetoside C, spatulenol. The planting area of which is comparatively small than other medicine crop as 5 ha area and 15MT in the nation. This experiment was focused on the storage characteristics for searching better condition. It is very useful for making oriental medicine. It is needed for Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) certification. It is one of certification condition for farmers. Many medicinal plants have almos t been no their storage condition for GAP. Methods and Results : This experiment was carried out to conform optimal condition for S. tenuifolia Kitagawa. There were two kinds of treatment for storage test. One is temperature. The other is time period. The temperature treatments are room temperature and 4℃. The storage periods are divided into four times. Their times continued three month until nine month. There used polyethylene for packing materials. This experiment was investigated to storage condition about moisture, ash, bacteria, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, mold and chromaticity. The contents value of moisture and ash are under standard of permission as 9.7 and 6.2 respectively. There were almost no significance about test microorganism in the storage temperature condition. There was statistical significance on the bacteria according to storage period. In terms of stroage temperature and period interaction, there was statistical significance on the Staphylococcus aureus and mold. Conclusion : The effect of storage treatments on S. tenuifolia Kitagawa mainly focused to time period treatment and time period-temperature interaction treatments, there were differences along with time period of storage about the bacteria and interaction with storage temperature and period about Staphylococcus aureus and mold.

Background : Rehmannia glutinose Liboschitz is a perennial herb belonging to the family of Scrophulariaceae. Its roots have been used as a traditional medicine. For cultivation of varieties of Rehmannia glutinose Liboschitz, the pure line selection method, which is to select the best line among those cultivated in farms for pedigree breeding, replicated yield test and regional adaptation test before registering as a new variety, is widely used. Until now, there are 8 registered varieties of Rehmannia glutinose Liboschitz in Korea. The needs for development of disaster-resistant varieties with better chances of surviving when high temperature, salts and disease are increasing. Therefore, this study focused on cultivation of disaster-resistant varieties among those selected for their disaster tolerance and salt tolerance through regional adaptation test. Methods and Results : As a result of examining the incidence of pest insects of the selected 1 - 2 years old varieties used in the study, among the 2-years-old crops, RGES 20 showed the lowest rate in ground parts. Among the 1-year-old crops, the lowest rate incidence of pest insects in ground parts was observed in RGES 23. In addition, RGES 20 and RGES 23 showed superior growth in under ground part with the highest dry root amount. Conclusion : Based on the above results, RGES 20 among the 2-years-old crops, RGES 23 among the 1-year-old crops showed superior growth in under ground part with the highest dry root amount.

Background : Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer belong to Panax species Araliaceae and a perennial plants. It grows in Far East Asia such as the Maritime province in Russia, the Manchuria reg ion of China, and the Korean peninsula. Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer is cultivated by seed sow ing or transplanting-culture, but seedling standing rate is as low as 50%. Therefore, it is impo rtant to increase seedling standing rate. This study was performed to research of plug-seedling cultivation techniques of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer for increase of seedling standing rate. Methods and Results : Testing material, Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer seed, was sown on 5 kin ds of seedling trays (72, 105, 128, 162, 200 cells) in the middle of February 2016. It was gr own in the seedling green house in medicinal plant resources research department of Gyeongs angnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services. Four months after sowing, the seedli ng growth characteristics such as seedling standing rate and seedling withering rate were inves tigated. After transplanting in the mountain area of Hamyang-gun, growth characteristics of the root length, root weight, and other factors were investigated at the beginning of November. A s a result, seedling standing rates were 50.1% to 56.2% and seedling withering rates were 25. 2% to 35.9%. Among the five ports, the seedling standing rate of 105 cells and 72 cells was 56.2% and 55.7%, which were higher than others. In the case of 105 cells, however, seedling withering rate was 35.1% higher than that of 72 cells. Seedling leaf length and width were lo nger at 72, 105, 128 cells than at 162, 200 cells and seedling root length, root fresh weight and shoot fresh weight were the highest at 72 cells. Roughly, the more tray cells, the less se edling growth. After harvesting, among the five ports, root fresh weight and root dry weight per 1 hill of 128 cells were 0.36 g and 0.11 g, respectively, which were higher than those of other cells. Conclusion : The growth characteristics of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer considering the seedling standing rate and seedling withering rate, among the five ports, 72 cells was most suitable. A mong the five ports, considering root fresh weight and root dry weight after harvesting, 128 c ells was most suitable.