KORAD (Korea Radioactive Waste Agency, http://www.korad.or.kr) has stored slightly contaminated ascon (asphalt coated concrete mixture) that was introduced to Gyeongju repository about a decade ago waiting for a final disposal. It is believed to be mainly contaminated by radioisotope 137Cs due to impurities introduced from the outside during the ascon manufacturing process. We studied characteristics of the radioactive waste to see whether this material would be proper enough to be disposed in Gyeongju LILW repository or be other ways to reduce the disposal volume including self-disposal before its final disposal otherwise. KORAD looked into the properness of characteristics of ascon in terms of WAC (Waste Acceptance Criteria) documented by KORAD that includes general chemical and physical properties of asphalt, density, size of grains, content of organic material and possibility of existence of chelate materials that qualitatively limited to be disposed by the criteria. And other associated characteristics such as gas generation and bio degradation were also investigated. Based on the data obtained from the study, we proposed various plausible solutions in associated with operational and disposal safety and economic view points. This study will be used for KORAD’s decision on how to control and safely dispose the spent ascon within a reasonable time period. And also those experiences may be applied for other LILW issues that require treatment or conditioning of radioactive wastes in the future.

To breed a new Korean Pleurotus eryngii cultivar with high quality and yield, single crosses between 24×46 and KNR2539 were performed, and a new cultivar, 6×13, was selected based on the days to harvest (14.6 days), quality (7.2), and yield (85.9 g/850 cc bottle). The strain was named Aeryni 5 and cultivated on a large scale at the mushroom farms to compare with Keuneutari 2ho. The yield of Aeryni 5 (82.2 g) was 122.7% of Keuneutari 2ho, and the quality of the new cultivar was 7.7 while reference cultivar was 6.3. The yield and quality of the two cultivars were statistically different. The lightness of the pileus of Aeryni 5 (61.7) was greater than that of Keuneutari 2ho by 3.4 points; thus, the pileus of Aeryni 5 looked brighter. PCR with URP2 was used to discriminate between Aeryni 5 and Kenneutari 2ho.

경남농업기술원 화훼연구소에서 2010년에 육성한 스프레이 국화 ‘Eye Green’ 품종은 2006년도에 녹색 폼폰형인 산티니계 스프레이 국화 ‘Froggy’를 모본, 성장세가 좋은 백색 폼폰형 스프레이 국화 우수계통 ‘S05-524’를 부본으로 교배하여 육성 하였다. 2007년 실생 집단으로부터 개화가 균일하고 성장세가 우수한 개체를 선발하여 ‘FS07-175’로 계통명을 부여하였고, 2008년부터 2010년까지 3년간에 걸쳐 춘계 억제재배와 하계 촉성재배를 포함하는 특성검정을 통해 최종적으로 ‘Eye Green’을 육성하였다. ‘Eye Green’의 자연개화기는 10월 하순이며, 전조와 차광처리에 의한 일장조절에 의해 연중생산이 가능하 다. 이 품종은 연녹색(YG145D) 꽃잎을 가진 폼폰형으로 성장 세가 강하고 하계 고온기 재배에서도 화색이 안정적이다. 가 을재배에 있어서 화경은 4.5cm, 본당 착화수가 14.1개이고, 절화수명은 25.4일이었다. 춘계 차광재배에서의 단일처리 후 개화소요일수가 46일이었다. 이 품종은 흰녹병에 중도저항성 을 나타내고 있으며, 대조품종에 비해 기호도도 높았다. ‘Eye Green’은 2012년 국립종자원에 품종보호권등록(품종보호 제 4202) 되었다.

절화용 거베라 신품종 ‘Pink Party’는 경남농업기술원 화훼연구소에서 2012년 육성한 품종으로 2007년 핑크색 대륜계의 ‘Pink Light’을 모본, 자주색 대륜계 ‘Mephysto’를부본으로 인공 교배하여 육성 하였다. 2008년 교배조합작성 후 획득한 실생집단으로부터 화색이 선명하고 화형이 안정적이며 화색과 화심색의 조화가 우수한 ‘0709-022’ 개체를 선발하여 ‘경남교G-41호’로 계통명을 부여한후, 2008년부터 2011년까지 3회의 특성검정을 거쳐 최종적으로 2012년 핑크색 대륜계 거베라 품종 ‘PinkParty’를 육성하였다. ‘Pink Party’는 선명한 핑크색(RHS55-C)과 짙은 갈색(RHS 165-A)의 화심이 잘 조화되는우수한 반겹꽃 품종으로 화폭이 11.8cm 정도인 대륜화이다. 외부설상화의 길이는 4.8cm, 폭은 1.0cm 정도이다. 또한 ‘Pink Party’ 품종은 화형이 안정되고 화경이57.5cm 정도로 길고 강건하며, 개화소요일수는 92.3일 정도이고 개화엽수는 8.9매 정도 이다. ‘Pink Party’ 품종의 소비자 기호도는 4.3점 정도로 높고 평균 절화수명은12.8일 정도이며, 주당 연간 평균수량은 2009년부터 2011년까지 3회 수량조사 결과 평균 50.3본 정도이다. ‘PinkParty’ 품종은 2014년 2월 24일 국립종자원에 품종보호권등록(품종보호 제4813호)되었다. 선명한 핑크색과 다수성 품종으로 기호도가 높아 국내 육성품종 재배농가의 선택폭을 넓힐 수 있는 핑크색 품종으로 기대된다.

‘Beauty Sun’은 경남농업기술원 화훼연구소에서 2010년에 육성한 스프레이 국화 신품종으로 2006년도에 보라색 아네모네형의 스프레이 국화 ‘Ardilo’를 모본, 성장세가 좋은 복색 홑꽃형 스프레이 국화 ‘Two Tone’을 부본으로 교배하여 육성하였다. 2007년도에 실생을 양성한후 실생개체 중에서 개화가 균일하고 볼륨감이 우수한 개체를 선발하여 ‘AT07-202’로 계통명을 부여하였고, 2008년부터 2010년까지 3년간에 걸쳐 춘계 억제재배와 하계촉성재배를 포함하는 특성검정을 통해 최종적으로 ‘BeautySun’을 육성하였다. ‘Beauty Sun’의 자연개화기는 10월하순이며, 차광과 전조처리에 의한 일장조절에 의해 연중생산이 가능하다. 이 품종은 복색(PN78B/GW157C) 꽃잎을 가진 아네모네형으로 성장세가 강건하고 6월 상순인 고온기에 접어들어도 화색이 안정적이다. 추계재배에있어서 화경은 4.5cm, 본당 착화수가 14.6개이고, 설상화수는 21.4개이었다. 초장은 104.4cm이고 엽색은 진한녹색(G137A)이며, 절화수명은 24.3일이었다. 춘계 차광재배에서의 단일처리 후 개화소요일수가 46일이었다. 이 품종은 흰녹병에 중도저항성을 나타내고 있으며, 대조품종에 비해 기호도도 높았다. ‘Beauty Sun’은 2012년 국립종자원에 품종보호권등록(품종보호 제4171)되었다.

국화 ‘Green flora’는 경남농업기술원 화훼연구소에서 2008년에 육성한 스프레이 국화 신품종으로 2004년도에 황록색 폼폰형의 스프레이 국화 ‘Furore’를 모본, 성장세가 좋은 녹색 폼폰형 스프레이 국화 ‘Feeling green’을 부본으로 교배하여 육성하였다. 2005년 실생 집단으로부터 개화가 균일하고 볼륨감이 우수한 개체를 선발하여 ‘FG05-182’로 계통명을 부여하였고, 2006년부터 2008년까지 3년간에 걸쳐 춘계 억제재배와 하계 촉성재배를 포함하는 특성검정을 통해 최종적으로 ‘Green flora’를 육성하였다. ‘Green flora’의 자연개화기는 10월 하순이며, 전조와 차광처리에 의한 일장조절에 의해 연중생산이 가능하다. 이 품종은 녹색(G143A) 꽃잎을 가진 폼폰형으로 성장세가 강하고 하계 고온기 재배에서도 화색이 안정적이다. 가을재배에 있어서 화경은 4.8cm, 본당 착화수가 11.2개이고, 절화수명은 24.3일이었다. 춘계 차광재배에서의 단일처리 후 개화소요일수가 48일이었다. 이 품종은 흰녹병에 중도저항성을 나타내고 있으며, 대조품종에 비해 기호도도 높았다. ‘Green flora’는 2010년 국립종자원에 품종보호권등록(품종보호 제3229) 되었다.

Background : Teucrium veronicoides Maximowicz is a perennial plant affiliated to labiate. Ther e were many oil components such as methylchavicol, anethole, anisaldehyde, p-methoxycinnamal dehyde, 3-ocatanone and p-cymene. It has been used for indigestion, stomachache, vomit, diarrhe a in the chinese medicine field. Besides it used as medicine, it used increasingly as food additiv es, tea and air fresheners etc. This experiment was focused on plugs and planting date. That's why the plug plants are very useful for transplanting. It saves time and labor for farmer with well-management system. During the raised seeding time, they could has gotten plant health and maximum potential state. The planting date which would have something related to the growth of plug. Methods and Results : Plug plants raised in the greenhouse during 30 days. The interval of planting date was 10 days and five time planted in planting density of 60*30cm sized area with three repeat treatments. The first treatment was middle April. The last planting date was late May. Before planting period, the length of plant and the length of leaf were the highest at the middle April, respectively. The stem diameter was highest at late March. The number of leaf was the most in the late March and early April than other planting date. In the planting period, the length of plant was highest at early April. The stem diameter was also highest at that time. There were no differences on the length and the width of leaf. The number of leaf per plant was the most at the early May. The branches per plant and number of node per plant were the highest in middle April. In the respect of yield, early May had the highest dried yield than that of other treatments. It was 492.2kg/10a. The index of which was 122. The lowest was 317.2kg/10a in late May. Conclusion : About the characteristics on the growth and the yield of Teucrium veronicoides Maximowicz plug in accordance with the planting date, the yield of early May was the highest than that of other in this study. Therefore planting date of early May would have high possibility of optimum planting date.

Background : Schizonepeta tenuifolia Kitagawa is a herbaceous plant affiliated to labiate. It has many oil components which has antimicrobial activity for health with limonene, menthone, pulegon e, piperitenone, schizonepetoside A, schizonepetoside C, spatulenol. The planting area of which is com paratively small than other medicine crop as 5ha area and 15MT in the nation. The purpose of this study was to figure out the cause of characteristics on the planting life in accordance wit h the planting date used plugs. Plug plants are very useful for transplanting. It gives well-mana gement effects to the farmer such as time saving, convenience of planting, plant health, and ma ximum potential state during the raised time. Methods and Results : The number of treatment for planting date was five. Those are early May, middle May, late May, early July and middle July. The interval of the planting date was 10 days. And the raising seeding period was 30 days. During the raising seeding period, in late July treatment the length of plant and the stem diameter were the highest respectively. The number of stem was also the most in late July. In the planting period, the length of plant and the stem diameter were the highest at early May. There were no differences in the number of stem per plant. The length of ear and the width of ear were the highest at the early July. The number of ear per plant was the highest in the early May as 768.7. In the respect of yield, the weight of fresh body at early May was the highest as 587g per plant. The next higher weight of fresh body was middle May as 530.0g per plant than that of other planting date. Conclusion : The effect of planting date on the growth and the yield of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Kitagawa mainly focused to early May treatment. The earlier planting treatment was the better for planting it in this study.

Background : Senna tora L. is a herbaceous plant affiliated to legumes. It has many components good for health with emodin, chrysophanol, aloe-emodin, physicion, rhein, obtusin. It is believed to have many medicine effects, as well as to good for the eyes. This study carried to find ou t the difference of characteristics on the growth according to the planting date used plugs. Plu g plants are very useful for transplanting. It gives well-management effects to the farmer such a s time, plant health, and maximum potential state during the raised time. Methods and Results : Plug plants had 30 days in raising seeding. The planting date was five time. Fist planting date was late April. The last planting date was early July. In their raising seeding period they were taken care of in the green house. And after 30 days, they were planted on the ground in planting density of 50*40cm sized area with three repeat treatments. When the raising seeding period, the length of plant and the length of leaf were the highest at the middle May, respectively. The number of leaf per plant was highest in late May as 11. In the planting period, the length of plant was highest at early July. The lowest was the length of plant at late May. Except the stem diameter in early April, they were no differences among other treatments and the stem diameter was the highest in early April. The number of node per plant could be found the most in middle May and late April. The number of node per plant was the lowest in early July. In the respect of yield, middle May had the highest yield than that of other treatments. It was 849.0kg/10a. The lowest was 740.6kg/10a in the early May. Conclusion : About the characteristics on the growth of Senna tora L. according to the planting date, the yield of middle May was highest than that of other date in this study. The planting date of late May had also shown strong tendency of optimum planting date. Therefore middle May and late May of planting date would be optimum planting date.

Background : Chrysanthemum indicum L. is used in medicine, for bee, ornamental as multivoltinism plant resources. The purpose of this study was to evaluate methods of rooting promotion to make high quality medicinal plants, thereby increasing farm income. This study investigated the effects of different cuttage period, extraction site, shading degree, nursery tray for promoting cutting slips rooting in Chrysanthemum indicum L. Methods and Results : It is used New variety "Gamkuk 1" that were forstered in Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services. Method of application with cuttage period were conducted under five condition; Around the middle of April, Toward the end of April, Early in May, Around the middle of May, Toward the end of May. Early in May plant length was longer than other cuttage period as 41.2%, 83.7% and are significant at significance level 0.05. Method of application with extraction site were conducted under three condition; 1 - 3 node, 4 - 6 node, 7 - 9 node. Leaf number in 1 - 3 node was more than other extration site as 19.4%, 33.6%. Also root length in 1 - 3 was more than other extration site as 10.5%, 23.2%. Method of application with shading degree were conducted under three condition; 50%, 70%, 90%. Plant length in 50 - 70% was longer than 90% shading degree as 23.8%, 24.2%. Also shading degree 50 - 70% had many root length and root number. Method of application with nursery tray were conducted under five condition; 72, 105, 128, 162, 200 tray. Plant length in 105, 128 tray was longer as 8.5 - 35.3% than other nursery tray and are significant at significance level 0.05. Conclusion : According to the results, Early in May, extraction site 1 - 3 node, shading degree 50 - 70%, nusery tray 105, 128 showed the highest growth on cutting slips root promotion in Chrysanthemum indicum L.

Background: Chrysanthemum indicum L. is used in medicine, for bee, ornamental as multivoltinism plant resources. Since ancient times, Chrysanthemum indicum L. had been widely used as drug and tea. From 2000, breeding began and the three varieties "Manhyang", "Geumhyang", Gamro" were developed so far. As demand has increased, growth traits of "Wonhyang" has been tested and fostered to report growth characteristics of "Wonhyang". Methods and Results: It is used New variety "Wonhyang" that were forstered in Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services. After going through selection, proliferation and characteristics of CI0901, production performance test carried out in 2012~2013. As a result, it had named as "Gamkuk 4" in high quality, quantity and of strong in the disease. Local adaptability trial test carried out in 2014~2015. Conclusion: "Wonhyang" was a good growth in plant height, lengths of branches. Leaf color is light green, flower color is light yellow. Disease and pest resistance of "Wonhyang" is relatively better than "Manhyang". Since plant height is small and plant width is big, "Wonhyang" is available for medicine, food and landscaping. As a result of local adaptability trial test, Yield(131.1㎏/10a) of three region Hamyang,Hapcheon,Changnyeongis 10% higher than "Manhyang". Based on the results of this study, "Wonhyang" was to be registered for a new breed through the breed fostering council.

The use of agricultural by-products as alternative nutrient sources in crop production had gained popularity in order to reducing the rate of chemical fertilizer application in the field. This study was conducted to determine whether the application of rice milling by-products treated with yeast inoculants could substitute, or reduce the rate of chemical fertilizer application. The results of agronomic measurements showed that the effect of incorporated materials was not immediate, as compared to 100% chemical fertilizer application. However, grain yield and quality was either the same or greater than 100% chemical fertilizer application. It was found out that expanded rice hull (treated with yeast or not) could reduce the rate of applying chemical fertilizers by half. Also, yeast treatment was only favorable only to expanded rice hull and not with rice bran, and was already found to be a potential material in reducing chemical fertilizer application in rice production.

Lee, Sangdae. 1998. Tense and Aspect in English. Studies in Modern Grammatical theories 12, 187-214. This paper is to allow for a unified analysis of tense, and aspect, not committed to a particular theoretical framework but to a comprehensive descriptive syntax. Aspect and tense are both concerned with temporal reference, and considering that tense sometimes may imply aspectual meaning, it is difficult to distinguish between tense and aspect. The English aspect, however, deserves an independent grammatical category as it has syntactic devices to express various aspectual meanings related to non-dietic time in aspect. Aspectual meanings vary according to the distinction of count terms and mass terms, the interaction of the event quantification with the argument quantification like the subject and object, and the interaction of the event quantification with the adjunctive quantification. Therefore, to describe the tense and aspect, we should consider not the verb alone but the relations between the other grammatical categories, including subject, object, and ever adverb. Relevant contexts can reveal the relevant situations which tense and aspect represent.